A MINDFULNESS-BASED INTERVENTION FOR MALTREATED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN RESIDENTIAL CARE

Abstract

Nonostante il maltrattamento all’infanzia costituisca un’esperienza relazionale patogena, alcuni bambini maltrattati mostrano un itinerario di sviluppo resiliente. La tesi si focalizza sul possibile ruolo giocato da meaning-making e mindfulness skills nel funzionamento resiliente. Il primo obiettivo è stato esplorare la relazione tra meaning-making, mindfulness skills e benessere in bambini non maltrattati. Il secondo obiettivo è stato valutare meaning-making e mindfulness skills in minori maltrattati, per determinare se il funzionamento resiliente fosse in relazione con questi costrutti. Il terzo obiettivo è stato creare un intervento per minori maltrattati ospitati in comunità (MBYR), testandone la fattibilità. Lo studio 1 ha esplorato il meaning-making in bambini non maltrattati, non evidenziando alcuna relazione con le loro competenze e difficoltà. Lo studio 2 ha mostrato che le mindfulness skills correlavano negativamente con outcome avversi, ma positivamente con le competenze dei bambini. Lo studio 3 ha esplorato la relazione tra funzionamento resiliente, meaning-making e mindfulness skills in minori maltratti, evidenziando che il meaning-making era legato a livelli più bassi di qualità della vita, mentre le mindfulness skills erano in relazione con il funzionamento resiliente. Questi risultati hanno informato il razionale dell’MBYR, che ha significativamente ridotto i sintomi traumatici, aumentando mindfulness skills e competenze generali (studio 4).Child maltreatment is a pathogenic relational experience representing one of the most difficult challenges to children’s healthy adaptation; nonetheless, some maltreated children develop resiliently. The thesis focuses on the possible role played by meaning-making and mindfulness skills in resilient functioning. The first aim was to investigate the relation between meaning-making, mindfulness skills, and wellbeing in nonmaltreated children. The second aim was to explore meaning-making and mindfulness skills in maltreated children and adolescents, to determine whether resilient functioning was related to these constructs. Finally, the third aim was to design an intervention for maltreated youths in residential care (MBYR) and to test its feasibility. Study 1 explored meaning-making in nonmaltreated children, showing that it was not related to their competencies and difficulties. Study 2 highlighted that mindfulness skills were negatively related to adverse outcomes and positively related to children’s competencies. Study 3 explored the relation between different domains of resilient functioning, meaning-making, and mindfulness skills in maltreated youths, showing that meaning-making was related to lower levels of quality of life, whereas mindfulness skills were related to resilient functioning. These results informed the rationale for the MBYR, which significantly reduced traumatic symptoms while enhancing mindfulness skills and general competencies (study 4)

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