Amah, Nneka

English

DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University

The differences and similarities of education in the U.S. versus Brazil. In America, there are various types of child care programs such as: Project Approach, Creative Curriculum, High Scope Programs, Piramide Approach, Montessori Program, Reggio Emelia Approach, etc. All of these programs teach our children in different ways, such as thinking independently. Whereas, inBrazil, they have a National Program that includes their goals and strategies for education. In America, Early childhood education goals and objectives are: social-emotional development, physical development, cognitive development, language development, literacy, mathematics, social studies, the arts, English language acquisition, and science and technology (STEM) (teachingstrategies.com). On the other hand, Brazil’s goals on early childhood education is: physical, psychological, intellectual, and social development (unesco.org).C-sections are very popular for giving birth in Brazil, especially for the upper and middle class. While it has become common for midwifes and home births in America along with hospital births. In Brazil, neonatal care availability depends on the geographical region rather than hospital whether it be private or public. As for Brazil, they have recently made partial incorporation of childcare centers into education facilities. The law in Brazil recognizes the care of 0-3 years old as day care centers andpreschool 4-6 years old according to the EECE policy review of early childhood education in Brazil (unesco.org). This change altered the need for training, qualifications, and higher education of teachers and their states are responsible for offering training programs for early childhood teachers (unesco.org). Even though Brazil has the largest economy in South America, it is still considered a developing country because of its low living standards and high infant mortality rate amongst other things. The total amount of babies dying is 16.9 deaths/ 1,000 live births, the rate has come down a little but it’s quite high still. While doing some research on intervention strategies with young children and their families, I came upon this article that said, “ Fast forward to 2010, a six-year-old in the bottom quintile of the income distribution today will go on to complete more than twice as many years of schooling as her parents. No matter where in the country her school is located, per student spending will be protected at a level adequate for desks, electricity, water, books, pencils, and workbooks. Her teacher will have at least a secondary school degree, and 60 percent of teachers nationally have higher education credentials”.(Bruns, 2011)While reading an article in regards to minorities in the country and educational support for them, I came upon this information: Brazil and the United States, has from time to time changed policies of governance of education, often pursuing both centralization and decentralization at the same time. In these countries, as in others, there is no global trend toward either centralization or decentralization alone-policies for both exist together, and one or another is emphasized according to judgements about what best favors the state in a given situation. (McGinn, 1992)In Brazil, another goal of PNE is the increase of enrollment in childcare/preschool. Brazil’s education fund (FUNDEB) has increased enrollment for pre-schools preschools dramatically and are working on childcare enrollment (openknowledge.worldbank.org). A wide variety of publications also discuss the economic benefits of a higher quality education, demographic shifts, systemic failures in the education system, and policy implications to correct resulting inefficiencies. ( Sandoval, 2012)They also have a decentralized policy which shares educational responsibility with all three parts of their government. The quality of education offered in early childhood education institutions was in the background during this period: the expansion of care in daycare centers took place mainly through the transfer of public resources to philanthropic and / or community entities, which in most cases operate under conditions precarious; Municipal preschools increased the offer of places, often placing a greater number of children per class and / or unfolding the number of daily shifts. (Campos, 2006)Information from my interview I conducted last week: What kind of health care system do you have in your country? If u can't pay government will help pay, there is insurance with some companies. What is considered most disrespectful in your culture?  Disrespectful when people from other countries try to be rude to people that are from the town. What is considered most respectful in your culture? Respectful when they enjoy the culture and don't try to change the place that there in into what would be in the united states. Like compare their country to U.S. ( Cable. C, 2020)As many foreigners, America is the country to come to, to create a better life not only for yourself but for your children, family members. During my interview, Mrs. Cable let me know upfront that she came to America for work. Also, she wanted to give her children a better educational opportunity, to gain more insights. In conclusion, there are differences and similarities between the U.S. and Brazil. For starters, in America, there are various types of child care programs such as: Project Approach, Creative Curriculum, High Scope Programs, Piramide Approach, Montessori Program, Reggio Emelia Approach, etc. While in Brazil, they have a National Program that includes their goals and strategies for education. In America, Early childhood education goals and objectives are: social-emotional development, physical development, cognitive development, language development, literacy, mathematics, social studies, the arts, English language acquisition, and science and technology (STEM) (teachingstrategies.com). On the other hand, Brazil’s goals on early childhood education is: physical, psychological, intellectual, and social development (unesco.org).Reference:Bittencourt, D. (2015). Neonatal Care in Brazil: Hospital Structure Adequacy According To Newborn Obstetric Risk. Paediatr Int Child Health. Retrieved February 22 2020, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936532Bruns, B., Evans, D., & Luque, J. (2011). Achieving world-class education in Brazil: Thenext agenda. The World Bank.http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.NMRThttps://www.indexmundi.com/brazil/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001512/151271e.pdfhttps://www.openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/13144/693070PUB0publ067926B09780821389317.pdf?sequence=1McGinn, N., & Pereira, L. (1992). Why states change the governance of education: An historical comparison of Brazil and the United States. Comparative education, 28(2), 167-180.Sandoval, L. (2012). The effect of education on Brazil’s economic development. Global Majority E-Journal, 3(1), 4-19.Campos, Maria Malta, Füllgraf, Jodete, and Wiggers, Verena. "A Qualidade Da Educação Infantil Brasileira: Alguns Resultados De Pesquisa." Cadernos De Pesquisa / 36.127 (2006): 87-128. Web.Interview by Nneka Amah, Interviewee Cable. C, 2020Roopnairine, J. L., & Johnson, J. E. (2013). Approaches to early childhood education (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River NJ,: Prentice Hall.

Brazil’s Education Policicies

https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1338&amp;context=undergradsymposiumksu

Brazil’s Education Policicies

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