Stschelkanovzeff described in 1907 (see bibliography at the end) a
new genus of Decticinae allied to Paradrymadusa Herrn., which he
called Bergiella, but this name proved to be preoccupied and in 1910
he renamed the genus Bergiola, publishing a German literal traslation
of the original description (it was mainly in Russian) and a photograph.Peer reviewe

Uvarov, B. P.

Digital.CSIC

ORTHOPTERA PALAEARCTICA CRITICAVI. Genus Bergiola Stschelk.(Tettig.)BYB. P. UVAROVLondon.History.Stschelkanovzeff described in 1907 (see bibliography at the end) anew genus of Decticinae allied to Paradrymadusa Herrn., which hecalled Bergiella, but this name proved to be preoccupied and in 1910he renamed the genus Bergiola, publishing a German literal traslationof the original description (it was mainly in Russian) and a photograph.Only the female sex of Ulis insect was known to the author, butthe structure of the ovipositor was so peculiar, that there could be nodoubt as to the validity of the genus.Recently, I received from Dr. V. M. Engelhardt some grasshop-pers collected in Transbaikalia and amongst them was a curious littleDecticid which is undoubtedly also a Bergiola, though differing speci-fically from the genotype. Another new species of the same genushas been sent to me by Miss E. F. Miram from the Zoological Museumof the Russian Academy of Sciences; it was collected in Mongolia byMr. Alexander N. Kiritchenko who was surprised by the somewhatunusual habits of the insect (see below, , p. 3). Finally, I referprovisionally to the genus Bergiola a new species sent to me byMr. L. D. Moritz who collected it in N. Persia, and represented bythe male sex only.I wish to express my sincere thanks to the abo ye named collectorsand to Miss E. F. Miram for their kind assistance in obtaining speci-mens of these interesting insects.Eos , IV, 1928.24 4 B. P. UVAROVGen. Bergiola Stschelk.1907. Bergiella Stschelkanovzeff, 1. c., p. 381.191 0. Bergig / a (nom. nov.) Stschelkanovzeff, 1. c., p. so.Small, brachypterous. Fastigium of vertex at least as broad asthe first antennal joint. Pronotum short, scarcely produced and trun-cate behind in the male, rounded-truncate in the female; in the maleslightly raised behind; lateral lobes deep (in the male deeper thanlong; in the female elongate), rounded below. Prosternum with veryshort spinules (in the genotype), or unarmed (in all other species).Mesosternal lobes short, obtusangular or rounded; metasternal lobesvery short, rounded-truncate. Elytra in the male fornicate, coveredby the pronotum beyond the stridulating vein, their visible part dis-tinctly shorter than the length of pronotum. Elytra in the femalevery short, lateral. Front tibiae with 3 spines on the upper innerside. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs below. First joint of thehind tarsi with a very short pulvillus. Male cerci short with a preapi-cal tooth. Ovipositor short or moderately long, recurved; its apexsuddenly attenuated and with the upper and lower edges slightly ex-panded and rugulose; the surface of the apical portion rugulose.• Genotype: Bergiola balchaschica (Stschelk.).Affinities of the genas.Stschelkanovzeff compared his genus with Paradrymadusa Herrn.,mainly on the account of the strongly abbreviated tarsal plantulae, andthis is certainly the nearest Palaearctic relative of Bergiola. Indeed,there are no very definite characteres to distinguish between the ma-les of the two genera, apart from the striking difference in size, butthe female of Bergiola has the ovipositor recurved, with the apex sud-denly attenuate and strongly pointed, while the surface of the apicalportion is rugose and the upper and the lower margin are not edge-like, but somewhat expanded and also rugose. The general recurvedshape of the ovipositor is known in some species of Paradrymadusa,GENUS 413ERGIOLA» STSCHELK.	 245as well, but it must be remembered that the genus is very imperfectlyde6ned and awaits a thorough revision which will certainly lead to itsdivision into severa! genera.It is, however, not in the Palaeartic fauna, but in North Americathat we find actually the nearest relatives of Bergiola, in the genusIdiostatus Pictet, as typefied by I. hermannii Thomas. This latter spe-cies in not known to me except by the description, but the structureof the ovipositor in Bergiola is very distinctive and does not permitto regard the two genera as identical 1.Ecology and distribution.The types of Bergiola balchaschica have been taken under stones,and Mr. A. N. Kiritchenko who collected B. mongolica also found theinsects hiding under stones and trying to escape by short leaps whenthe stone was overturned. This is certainly a somewhat unusual ha-bitat for a Decticid, but the same habit of hiding under stones, increvices of rocks, etc., was observed by me in Transcaucasia in somespecies of Paradrymadusa; they usually hide themselves during theday under bushes, but not uncommonly they occur on mountain slo-pes with scanty vegetation, but plenty of stones, and use the latterinstead of bushes. It is easy to understand that this habit may easilydevelop further and the insect may become permanently associatedwith stones in a country like Mongolia where the shrubby vegetationis reduced by the climatic conditions to a minimum. It is very inte-resting to note that this habit seems to lead to a reduction in the lea-ping power of the insects; according to Mr. A. N. Kiritchenko, Ber-giola mongolica makes only very short leaps and this is explained bythe structure of its hind legs which have short femora and extremelyshort tarsal plantulae.It is somewhat difficult and unsafe to discuss the distribution ofspecies of Bergiola since the data are much too fragmentary. Threespecies of it (balchaschica, daurica and mongolica) belong all practicallyto the same area populated mainly by the old Angara fauna to which1	 am much obliged to Mr. Morgan Hebard, Philadelphia, for his opinionon the aftinities of my B. daurica.246	 B. P. UVAROVthe genus presumably belongs. American affinities also point in thesame direction, the Nearctic relatives of Bergiola being most probablyof Asiatic (Angarian) origin. The occurence of one species in Persia(B. persica) where the true Angarian elements do not penetrate is,therefore, very unexpected, but it must be not forgotten that the spe-cies is, perhaps, not a true Bergiola, but belongs to another genus.Key to species.	(2). All femora armed with spinules below 	  Ovipositor half the length ofthe hind femur 	  i. balchaschica (Stschelk.).2 (I). All femora unarmed below, only the posterior ones with a singlespinule.3 (6). Inner tooth of the male cercus near the apex.4 (5). Inner tooth of the male cercus small, directed obliquely towards theabdomen. Female with the last two sternites gibbose; subgenitalplate triangular, with b,vo convergent lateral furrows . Pronotumrounded behind. Female elytra wholly lateral, not touching eachother aboye.. 	  2. mongolica, sp. n.5 (4). Inner tooth of the male cercus larger than its apex and directed obli-quely from the abdomen, so that the cercus appears bifurcated. Laststernites of female not gibbose; subgenital plate trapezoidal, withoutfurrows. Pronotum truncate behind. Female elytra larger, touchingeach other. 	  3. danrica, sp. n.6 (3). Inner tooth of male cercus before the middle. Pronotum truncate be-hind 	  4. persica, sp. n.1. Bergiola balchaschica (Stschelk.) (fig. 1).1907. Bergiella balchaschica Stschelkanovzeff, 1. c., p. 382.191 0. Bergiola balchaschica Stschelkanovzeff, 1. c., p. 51, fig.9 (description compiled from the original one). Probably, greyin life (types preserved in alcohol); lateral pronotal lobes with a fairlybroad pale margin. Elytra lateral, scarcely projecting from under thepronotum. Front femora with one to three spinules, middle femorawith one spinule on the anterior lower carina. Hind femora with 3-4spinules on each of the lower carinae. Last sternite gibbose. Sub-genital plate thick, with a shallow triangular emargination behind.GENUS «BERGIOLA» STSCHELK.	 247Ovipositor short and stout; its lower margin very feebly and regularlycurved; upper margin more curved, especially in the middle; marginsdistinctly denticulate in the apical fourth of the ovipositor.Length of body, 21 mm.; pronotum, 6 mm.; hind femur, 16 mm.;ovipositor, 8 mm.The species has been described from two females taken at Kashkar-denghiz, N. shore of lac Balchasch. The types should be at the Zoolo-gical Museum of the Moscow University, but all my attempts to findFig. i. Ovipositor of Bergiola balchaschica (Stschelk.), drawn fron the originalfigure.—Fig. 2. Ovipositor of B. daurica sp. n.—Fig. 3. Ovipositor of B. mongo-Uca sp. n.—Fig. 4. End of ovipositor of B. niongolica sp. n., stronglv enlarged.Fig. 5. Right cercus of B. mongolica sp. n., c?.—Fig. 6. Right cercus. of B. dau-rica sp. n.,	 7. Right cercus of B. persica sp. n.,out whether they are still in existence failed. There is no doubt, ho-wever, that the species is different from others described in the pre-sent paper, the female possessing very short and stout ovipositor sud-denly pointed apically. Spinulose femora present another characterseparating B. balchaschica from the other three species.2. Bergiola mongolica sp. n. (figs. 3, 4, 5.)Somewhat larger and more stoutly built than other known species.d'. Fastigium of vertex distinctly broader than the first antennaljoint. Pronotum somewhat elongate; metazona not raised, broadly248	 13. P. UVAROVrounded behind; lateral lobes distinctly longer than deep with thefront angle and lower margin regularly rounded and the hind marginstraight. Elytra reaching about the middle of the second tergite, co-vered by the pronotum beyond the middle of the speculum, with theapex broadly parabolic. All femora unarmed; posterior femora short,strongly incrassate in the basal portion.Last tergite hairy, with broad and shallow round emargination.Cercus short, stout, somewhat depressed; outer margin straight; apexobtusely conical; inner tooth near the apex of the cercus short, acute,slightly curved, directed obliquely towards the base. Subgenital platewith an acute triangular emargination behind.General coloration dark-brown (greenish in life, according to thecollector's observation). Lateral pronotal lobes with blackish marmo-ration and broad pale margins; hind margin of metazonal disc black.Elytra brownish-black, with pale margins. Apex of the first and thesecond, and the base of the last, tergites blackish. Fermora withblack dots abo ye, the posterior ones with black striation at the baseaboye and in the lower portion of the outer area.y (paratype). Elytra lateral, well rounded, reaching the apex ofthe first tergite. Sixth sternite somewhat gibbose; its hind margindistinctly depressed. Seventh (the last) sternite with a strong roundinflation in the anterior half, while its posterior half is depressed andbi-concave, the tvvo concavities being separated by a low, obtuse me-dian ridge, the surface of which is finely transversely striate. Subge-nital plate thick, convex, rounded-triangular; the apex with a triangu-lar emargination which is as broad as long, with its anterior anglestraight; from about the apex of the emargination runs a furrow, pa-rallel to the lateral margin of the plate. Ovipositor a little shorterthan the hind femur, distinctly recurved, strongly transversely rugu-lose in the apical portion.General coloration as in the male; elytra brown.Length of body	 17 mm.,	 20 mm.; pronotum e 5,5 mm.,9 6 mm.; elytra (visible portion) e 2,5 mm.,	 1 mm.; hind femurd, 14 mm., y 16 mm.; ovipositor	 12,5 mm.Described from 3 e e, 4 yy,1 cr larva taken in the Westernfoothills of Ikhé-Bogdo, Gobi Altai, Mongolia, 15-24. VIII. 1926. (Ale-xander N. Kiritchenko.)GENUS «BERGIOLA » STSCHELK.	 249Two paratypes in the British Museum, the type and other paraty-pes in the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences.One of the male paratypes is slightly smaller and paler colouredthan the rest, but not different otherwise. The posterior emargina-tion of the male subgenital plate varies in its depth and in the apicalangle, but this depencls mainly on the preservation of the particularspecimen.3. Bergiola daurica sp. n. (figs. 2, 6).Small and slender.Fastigium of vertex slightly broader than the first antennaljoint. Pronotum short; metazona raised, truncate behind; lateral lobesas deep as long; their front angle obtuse with rounded apex; lowermargin scarcely rounded; hind margin slightly concave. 	 Elytrareaching beyond the middle of the second tergite, covered by thepronotum up to the stridulatory vein, with the apex rounded-trunca-te. All femora unarmed; posterior femora relatively long and slen-der, moderately incrassate basally.Last tergite hairy, with a slight round emargination behind. Cer-cus short, stout, somewhat depressed; outer margin distinctly convex,inner margin concave; apex bifurcate, the outer branch (i. e. the actualapex of the cercus) being narrow, pointed and somewhat decurved,while the inner branch (i. e. the pre-apical spine) is broader and de-curved at the a.pex. Subgenital plate with a shallow round emargi-nation.General coloration brownish-grey. Pronotum with blackish mar-moration; lateral lobes with a sharply defined pale lower and hindmargin. Elytra brownish. Abdomen marmorated with grey andbrown, with an indefinite pale lateral stripe; sides below the stripeblackish. Femora with indefinite brown markings; posterior femorawith the base abo ye and the lower half of the external area transverselystriate with chocolate-brown.y (paratype). Pronotum not raised behind; hind margin trunca-te. Elytra extending a little beyond the first tergite, almost entirelyuncovered, touching each other at the back; their costal margin prac-tically straight; apical and hind margin well rounded. Sixth and se-250	 B. P. UVAROVventh sternite not gibbose. Subgenital plate trapezoidal, transverse,broadly and shallowly obtusely emarginate behind, with obtusangularlobes. Ovipositor considerably shorter than hind femur, well recur-ved, apex indistinctly rugulose.General coloration as in the male.Length of body	 12 mm., y 17 mm.; pronotum	 4 mm.,y 4,5 mm.; elytra (visible portion)	 2,5 mm., y 2 mm.; hind femurcr 14 mm.,	 17 mm.; ovipositor	 10 mm.The type male and one female paratype are from the Nertchinskyzavod, Sretensk district, Transbaicalia, 12. IX. 1925; two female para-types (one badly damaged) from Tsassuchei, Borzansky district, Trans-baicalia, 23. VIII. 1925. (V. M. Engelhardt.)One female paratype in the British Museum; other paratypes andthe type in the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy ofSciences.4. Bergiola persica sp. n. (fig. 7).Fastigium of vertex as broad as the first antennal joint. Pro-notum short; metazona somewhat raised and truncate behind; laterallobes a little longer than deep; their front angle very obtuse with roun-ded apex; lower margin broadly rounded; hind margin slightly concave.Elytra reaching beyond the first tergite, covered by the pronotum be-yond the stridulatory vein; their costal naargin almost straight and theapex broadly and obliquely parabolic. Front and middle femoraunarmed; hind femora with a minute spinule on the lower outer carina.Last tergite obtusangulate-prominent, with the margins slightlyconcave, split up by a narrow fissure into two short, acute, closelyapproximated lobes. Cercus short, conical, slightly depressed; outermargin slightly concave, inner margin also; apex long, subconical,blunt; inner tooth before the middle of the cercus, thick, beak-like.Subgenital plate with an acutangular excision behind.General coloration very pale yellowish-grey («desert colour»).Head abo ye indefinitely mottled with pale-brown. Pronotum brown-ish; lateral lobes darker, with broad ivory-white margin below andbehind; this whitish band is somewhat indistinct in front, but verysharply defined behind and terminates abruptly under the shoulders.GENUS a BERGIOLA » STSCHELK. 	 251Elytra of very pale sandy colour; speculum brownish; interradial fieldwith some cells near the apex black, but all veins and veinlets arepale. Abdomen with indefinite obligue greyish streaks and dots onthe sides of each segment. Femora without any markings.Length of body 12,5 mm.; pronotum 3,5 mm.; elytra (visible por-tion) 2 mm.; hind femur 12 mm.One adult male (type) and one male larva (paratype) taken at Sha-kabar, N. Persia, 5. VII. 1927. (L. D. Moritz.)The type in the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy ofSciences; the paratype in the British Museum.Since the genus is largely based on the structure of the oviposi-tor, this species may have to be removed from it when the female sexbecomes known. The type of pronotal pattern in B. persica is verysimilar to that in Drymadusa.Literature.STSCHELKANOVZEFF, J.1907. Orthoptères, recueillis sur les rives du lac Balkhasch et du fleuveIli par l'expédition envoyée au lac Balkhasch en 19o3.—Ann. Mus.Zool. Acad. Imp. Sciences St. Pétersbourg, x11, pp. 373-386.1910. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Bergiola, nom. n. (Bergiella Stshelkan.i9o7.)—Revue Russe d'Entom., x, pp. 50-52, 1 fig.

Orthoptera Palaearctica critica: VI. Genus Bergiola Stschelk. (Tettig.)

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