Baena, Eliseu

Branco, Eliete

Lima, Adriano

Mori, Edson

Zimback, Léo

BMC Proceedings

English

PubMed

Léo Zimback

Edson Mori

Eliete Branco

Adriano Lima

Eliseu Baena

Crossref

POSTER PRESENTATION Open AccessSpatial genetic structure of Stryphnodendronadstringens (MART.) COVILLE (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) using SSR markersLéo Zimback1*, Edson Mori2, Eliete Branco3, Adriano Lima2, Eliseu Baena1From IUFRO Tree Biotechnology Conference 2011: From Genomes to Integration and DeliveryArraial d’Ajuda, Bahia, Brazil. 26 June - 2 July 2011BackgroundThe forest fragments of Stryphnodrendron adstringenshave disappeared because of the high rate of BrazilianSavannah deforestation for commercial purposes, suchas eucalypt, citrus, soy bean, and sugar cane crops thathave been intensely cultivated on those areas [1]. Eco-nomically, S. adstringens is important for manufactureindustries of paints and tanneries, but also is utilized fortherapy against ulcer, scurvy, and for antiseptic andhealing purposes [2]. Considering the forestry sector,the species is potential for building uses because of theirwood have high density and durability [3]. Aiming forgermplasm preservation and for breeding programs westudied the spatial genetic structure of S. adstringensbased on SSR markers.MethodsJuvenile leaves of 38 individuals of S. adstringens werecollected in natural population, of approximately 200individuals, in Botucatu State Forest belonging to For-estry Institute, São Paulo State, Brazil. The population islocated from 22° 55’ 55” S to 22° 56’ 39” S latitude andfrom 48° 27’ 19” W to 48° 27’ 33” W longitude, through860 m altitude, totalizing 33 hectares of savannah. Thelab procedure protocol based on Ferreira and Grattapa-glia [4], and adapted to S. adstringens, for DNA extrac-tion was used. We assessed the transferability of 98primer pairs developed for different tree species of sev-eral families and genera. The amplification was per-formed at 92° C for 2 minutes by initial denaturation,45 cycles of 1 minute at 92° C, 1 minute at annealingtemperature, and 1 min at 72° C, and ending to 10minutes at 72° C. The analysis of spatial autocorrelationof sampled population, with local coordinates, and vari-able alleles of individuals was estimated. The “SpatialGenetic Software (SGS) version 1.0 program for distanceclasses per each allele, and considering 1000 bootstrapsto get the Moran’s I Index [5] were used. The expres-sion was:InWp p p p Wp pi j ijjiii= ⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟⋅−( ) −( )−( )⎡⎣⎢⎢⎢⎢⎤⎦⎥⎥⎥⎥∑∑∑ 2where:I = Moran’s I index, which can take values between-1.0 (negative autocorrelation) and + 1.0 (positiveautocorrelation);n = number of individuals;pi and pj = allele frequency for i and j individuals;p = average of p;Wij = element of symmetric matrix square and Wwere nxn dimensions, which is given the value 1 forindividual neighbors and 0 otherwise;W = matrix that expresses the spatial correlationbetween individuals and the sum over i and j is thevalue iqual W.Results and discussionForty eight out of 98 pairs were amplified showing 23polymorphic primers, but only 10 of them were con-served, and presenting no null alleles: EMBRA 03,EMBRA 06 (Eucalyptus grandis), EMBRA 72, EMBRA210 (Eugenia dysenterica) Empas 02 (Prunus avium)LMCH 12, LMCH 14 (Annona cherimoya), SCU056, SCU 062 (Melaleuca alternifolia), and SP 06* Correspondence: lzimback@terra.com.br1Instituto Florestal, Avaré, SP, 18701-180, BrazilFull list of author information is available at the end of the articleZimback et al. BMC Proceedings 2011, 5(Suppl 7):P21http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/5/S7/P21© 2011 Zimback et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction inany medium, provided the original work is properly cited.(Schizolobium parahyba). O LMCH 12 locus was elimi-nated to present low accuracy. Table 1 shows the corre-logram of S. adstringens indicating that the distances,among individuals of Botucatu State Forest, from 0 to33 and from 99 to 132 meters have presented spatialstructure. According to Sebbenn [6]is common in tropi-cal species, similarities until 100 meters; therefore tocollect high variability of S. adstringens it is importantobeyed distance up to 132 meters.ConclusionsSignificant results were observed for the class distancesfrom 0 to 33 meters and 99 to 132 meters, showingthere is spatial autocorrelation for S. adstringens.AcknowledgementsThe authors thank FAPESP to provide financial funds to develop the study,CNPq and CAPES for scholarships.Author details1Instituto Florestal, Avaré, SP, 18701-180, Brazil. 2Unesp, Botucatu, SP, 18610-307, Brazil. 3University Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP, 17011-160, Brazil.Published: 13 September 2011References1. Machado SR: Pesquisa aponta degradação do Cerrado. Jornal Diário daSerra 2006, A3.2. Jacobson , Garcia J, Santos SC, Duarte JB, Farias JG, Kliemann HJ: Influênciade fatores edáficos na produção de fenóis totais e taninos de duasespécies de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron sp.). Pesquisa AgropecuáriaTropical 2005, 35:163-169.3. Almeida SP, Sano SM: Cerrado: espécies vegetais úteis. Brasília: EMPRAPACerrado 1998, 347-351.4. Ferreira ME, Grattapaglia D: Introdução ao Uso de MarcadoresMoleculares em Análise Genética. 1998, 121.5. Sokal RR, Oden NL: Spatial autocorrelation in biology. 2. Some biologicalimplications and four applications of evolutionary and ecologicalinterest. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 1978, 10:229-249.6. Sebbenn AM: Sistemas de reprodução em espécies tropicais e suasimplicações para a seleção de árvores matrizes para reflorestamentosambientais. In Pomar de sementes de espécies florestais nativas Higa AR,Silva LD 2006, 93-138.doi:10.1186/1753-6561-5-S7-P21Cite this article as: Zimback et al.: Spatial genetic structure ofStryphnodendron adstringens (MART.) COVILLE (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) using SSR markers. BMC Proceedings 2011 5(Suppl 7):P21.Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Centraland take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission• Thorough peer review• No space constraints or color figure charges• Immediate publication on acceptance• Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar• Research which is freely available for redistributionSubmit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submitTable 1 Correlogram using Moran’s Index (D) withconfidence interval (CI), probability of exclusion (P),number of comparisons (CN), and value indicatingabsence of spatial autocorrelation D = -0.0270 forStryphnodendron adstringens.Distance(m)D(-CI) D(obs.) D(+CI) P(D)<(-CI)P(D)>(+CI)CN0-33 -0.080841 0.043351 0.034583 0.015 0.985 4033-66 -0.078096 -0.005722 0.023789 0.190 0810 4566-99 -0.079640 -0.010610 0.031820 0.291 0.709 4199-132 -0.081936 -0.096614 0.032199 0.995 0.005 35132-165 -0.079713 -0.015566 0.027000 0.355 0.645 38165-198 -0.090142 0.025456 0.033938 0.046 0.954 37198-231 -0.064909 -0.059062 0.007197 0.954 0.046 75231-264 -0.086119 -0.063560 0.031723 0.867 0.133 25264-297 -0.114183 -0.054740 0.074730 0.715 0.285 7297-330 -0.103925 -0.058399 0.052559 0.800 0.200 10Zimback et al. BMC Proceedings 2011, 5(Suppl 7):P21http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/5/S7/P21Page 2 of 2

Spatial genetic structure of Stryphnodendron adstringens (MART.) COVILLE (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) using SSR markers

Springer - Publisher Connector

POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access
Spatial genetic structure of Stryphnodendron
adstringens (MART.) COVILLE (Leguminosae-
Mimosoideae) using SSR markers
Léo Zimback1*, Edson Mori2, Eliete Branco3, Adriano Lima2, Eliseu Baena1
From IUFRO Tree Biotechnology Conference 2011: From Genomes to Integration and Delivery
Arraial d’Ajuda, Bahia, Brazil. 26 June - 2 July 2011
Background
The forest fragments of Stryphnodrendron adstringens
have disappeared because of the high rate of Brazilian
Savannah deforestation for commercial purposes, such
as eucalypt, citrus, soy bean, and sugar cane crops that
have been intensely cultivated on those areas [1]. Eco-
nomically, S. adstringens is important for manufacture
industries of paints and tanneries, but also is utilized for
therapy against ulcer, scurvy, and for antiseptic and
healing purposes [2]. Considering the forestry sector,
the species is potential for building uses because of their
wood have high density and durability [3]. Aiming for
germplasm preservation and for breeding programs we
studied the spatial genetic structure of S. adstringens
based on SSR markers.
Methods
Juvenile leaves of 38 individuals of S. adstringens were
collected in natural population, of approximately 200
individuals, in Botucatu State Forest belonging to For-
estry Institute, São Paulo State, Brazil. The population is
located from 22° 55’ 55” S to 22° 56’ 39” S latitude and
from 48° 27’ 19” W to 48° 27’ 33” W longitude, through
860 m altitude, totalizing 33 hectares of savannah. The
lab procedure protocol based on Ferreira and Grattapa-
glia [4], and adapted to S. adstringens, for DNA extrac-
tion was used. We assessed the transferability of 98
primer pairs developed for different tree species of sev-
eral families and genera. The amplification was per-
formed at 92° C for 2 minutes by initial denaturation,
45 cycles of 1 minute at 92° C, 1 minute at annealing
temperature, and 1 min at 72° C, and ending to 10
minutes at 72° C. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation
of sampled population, with local coordinates, and vari-
able alleles of individuals was estimated. The “Spatial
Genetic Software (SGS) version 1.0 program for distance
classes per each allele, and considering 1000 bootstraps
to get the Moran’s I Index [5] were used. The expres-
sion was:
I
n
W
p p p p W
p p
i j ij
ji
i
i
= ⎛
⎝⎜
⎞
⎠⎟
⋅
−( ) −( )
−( )
⎡
⎣
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
∑∑
∑ 2
where:
I = Moran’s I index, which can take values between
-1.0 (negative autocorrelation) and + 1.0 (positive
autocorrelation);
n = number of individuals;
pi and pj = allele frequency for i and j individuals;
p = average of p;
Wij = element of symmetric matrix square and W
were nxn dimensions, which is given the value 1 for
individual neighbors and 0 otherwise;
W = matrix that expresses the spatial correlation
between individuals and the sum over i and j is the
value iqual W.
Results and discussion
Forty eight out of 98 pairs were amplified showing 23
polymorphic primers, but only 10 of them were con-
served, and presenting no null alleles: EMBRA 03,
EMBRA 06 (Eucalyptus grandis), EMBRA 72, EMBRA
210 (Eugenia dysenterica) Empas 02 (Prunus avium)
LMCH 12, LMCH 14 (Annona cherimoya), SCU
056, SCU 062 (Melaleuca alternifolia), and SP 06
* Correspondence: lzimback@terra.com.br
1Instituto Florestal, Avaré, SP, 18701-180, Brazil
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Zimback et al. BMC Proceedings 2011, 5(Suppl 7):P21
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/5/S7/P21
© 2011 Zimback et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
(Schizolobium parahyba). O LMCH 12 locus was elimi-
nated to present low accuracy. Table 1 shows the corre-
logram of S. adstringens indicating that the distances,
among individuals of Botucatu State Forest, from 0 to
33 and from 99 to 132 meters have presented spatial
structure. According to Sebbenn [6]is common in tropi-
cal species, similarities until 100 meters; therefore to
collect high variability of S. adstringens it is important
obeyed distance up to 132 meters.
Conclusions
Significant results were observed for the class distances
from 0 to 33 meters and 99 to 132 meters, showing
there is spatial autocorrelation for S. adstringens.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank FAPESP to provide financial funds to develop the study,
CNPq and CAPES for scholarships.
Author details
1Instituto Florestal, Avaré, SP, 18701-180, Brazil. 2Unesp, Botucatu, SP, 18610-
307, Brazil. 3University Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP, 17011-160, Brazil.
Published: 13 September 2011
References
1. Machado SR: Pesquisa aponta degradação do Cerrado. Jornal Diário da
Serra 2006, A3.
2. Jacobson , Garcia J, Santos SC, Duarte JB, Farias JG, Kliemann HJ: Influência
de fatores edáficos na produção de fenóis totais e taninos de duas
espécies de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron sp.). Pesquisa Agropecuária
Tropical 2005, 35:163-169.
3. Almeida SP, Sano SM: Cerrado: espécies vegetais úteis. Brasília: EMPRAPA
Cerrado 1998, 347-351.
4. Ferreira ME, Grattapaglia D: Introdução ao Uso de Marcadores
Moleculares em Análise Genética. 1998, 121.
5. Sokal RR, Oden NL: Spatial autocorrelation in biology. 2. Some biological
implications and four applications of evolutionary and ecological
interest. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 1978, 10:229-249.
6. Sebbenn AM: Sistemas de reprodução em espécies tropicais e suas
implicações para a seleção de árvores matrizes para reflorestamentos
ambientais. In Pomar de sementes de espécies florestais nativas Higa AR,
Silva LD 2006, 93-138.
doi:10.1186/1753-6561-5-S7-P21
Cite this article as: Zimback et al.: Spatial genetic structure of
Stryphnodendron adstringens (MART.) COVILLE (Leguminosae-
Mimosoideae) using SSR markers. BMC Proceedings 2011 5(Suppl 7):P21.
Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central
and take full advantage of: 
• Convenient online submission
• Thorough peer review
• No space constraints or color figure charges
• Immediate publication on acceptance
• Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar
• Research which is freely available for redistribution
Submit your manuscript at 
www.biomedcentral.com/submit
Table 1 Correlogram using Moran’s Index (D) with
confidence interval (CI), probability of exclusion (P),
number of comparisons (CN), and value indicating
absence of spatial autocorrelation D = -0.0270 for
Stryphnodendron adstringens.
Distance
(m)
D(-CI) D(obs.) D(+CI) P(D)<
(-CI)
P(D)>(+
CI)
CN
0-33 -0.080841 0.043351 0.034583 0.015 0.985 40
33-66 -0.078096 -0.005722 0.023789 0.190 0810 45
66-99 -0.079640 -0.010610 0.031820 0.291 0.709 41
99-132 -0.081936 -0.096614 0.032199 0.995 0.005 35
132-165 -0.079713 -0.015566 0.027000 0.355 0.645 38
165-198 -0.090142 0.025456 0.033938 0.046 0.954 37
198-231 -0.064909 -0.059062 0.007197 0.954 0.046 75
231-264 -0.086119 -0.063560 0.031723 0.867 0.133 25
264-297 -0.114183 -0.054740 0.074730 0.715 0.285 7
297-330 -0.103925 -0.058399 0.052559 0.800 0.200 10
Zimback et al. BMC Proceedings 2011, 5(Suppl 7):P21
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/5/S7/P21
Page 2 of 2


Grattapaglia D: Introdução ao Uso de Marcadores Moleculares em Análise Genética.

Kliemann HJ: Influência de fatores edáficos na produção de fenóis totais e taninos de duas espécies de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron sp.). Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

NL: Spatial autocorrelation in biology. 2. Some biological implications and four applications of evolutionary and ecological interest.

Pesquisa aponta degradação do Cerrado. Jornal Diário da Serra

Sano SM: Cerrado: espécies vegetais úteis.

Sistemas de reprodução em espécies tropicais e suas implicações para a seleção de árvores matrizes para reflorestamentos ambientais. In Pomar de sementes de espécies florestais nativas Higa AR, Silva LD

https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1753-6561-5-S7-P21?site=bmcproc.biomedcentral.com

Spatial genetic structure of Stryphnodendron adstringens (MART.) COVILLE (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) using SSR markers

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Crossref

Springer - Publisher Connector