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Macleod, N. H.

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UN431 - N.
Bi-Monthly
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Hr MacLeod, The American University, Washington, D.C.
Progress Report: 3 Nov.'72 - 3 Jan. '73
Investiqationl title: Observation of Plant Growth and Annual Floodi.ng in the
Inland Delta of the Niger River, Republic of Mali, West Africa (SR368 -
GSFC PI ID UN431).
Problems: Requested changes in the standing order submitted in November 2.972
has been neither implemented nor denied at this time. Additional
coverage was requested to obtain observations of large-scale geologic
structures which are apparently the controlling regional hydrological
phenomena. 9 x 9-inch transparencies and prints are required for
mosaicing and producing diazo color composites.
Accomplishn-nents: Application of change detection procedures have been
successful in observing changes in vegetation, water level, soil. moisture,
field use schedules and burning of fields in southern portions of the
test site.
Analysis of lineamlents in available imagery has been correlated
with field work published by others, particularly with regard to
fracture orientations along the Niger Rive,: course and measured
orientations of fractur-e systems in the Bandiagara and Homburi high-
lands adjacent to the Niger River. Through ERTS-1 observations we
have been able to extend the delineation of fracture systems throughout
southern Mali. In the next period, viewing will be supplemented by
mapping at 1:100,000 scales° (We have projected images at 1:20,000
but find that about 1:30,000 is our limit.)
Observation of thematic changes represents a first attempt to
use any methodology for this purpose. It is difficult. therefore to
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place a cost benefit on this procedure at this time.
An investigation cost benefit has been realized in processing
9 x 9" images into color composites. Using polyester base diazo
materials (discounted from 25¢ per piece), a very flexible and
reasonably reproducable technique has been worked out as follows.
Subtractive colors (magenta, cyan, and yellow) are used for B/W for
a time related to the image density. [This time can be easily cali-
brated by observing the grey level of the most important features in
the image and exposing according short times for thin images and long
times (minutes) for dense images.] Equipment is available for fully
satisfactory exposure and printing for less than $400. The diazo
prints are very quickly and easily registered. Analysis is straight
forward using any normal projection system. 70 mm slide composites
of diazo prints transparencies are also very satisfactory, but more
difficult to register. Thus, one prepares the diazo prints, registers
them and places in a conventional glass slide holder (70 mm) for
normal projection.
Standing order forms (revised) were submitted in November 1972,
but action has yet to be taken on these requests.
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Observation of plant growth and annual flooding in the inland delta of the Niger River, Republic of Mali, West Africa

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