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Coker, A. E.

Cordes, E. H.

Higer, A. L.

Wimberly, E. T.

English

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ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING PROGRAM OF ERTS DATA IN SOUTH FLORIDA
1 0 5.T70
'3 /9 s_
E. T. Wimberly
A. L. Higer
E. H. Cordes
A. E. Coker
U.S. Geological Survey
Miami, Florida 33130
(E73-10560) ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING N73-2343:
IPROBLEM OF ERTS DATA IN SOUTH FLORIDA
Proqress Report, 1 Oct. 1972 - 1 Apr.
i1973 (Geoloqical Survey) 21 p HC $3.25 Unclas
CSCL 05B G3/13 00560
April 1973
Type II Progress Report for Period 1 October 1972 - 1 April 1973
Prepared for:
Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
Otima;i: hoteigraphy may be purchased from:
10th and Dakota Avenue
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730014705 2020-03-23T05:08:43+00:00Z
TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE
2. Government Accession No.
Acquisition and processing program
in south Florida (SR 272)
7.
of ERTS data
Higer (IN 414),
3. Recipient's Catalog No.
5. Report Date
Anri I 1973
6. Performing Organization Code
8. Performing Organization Report No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No.
U.S. Geological Survey 11. Contract or Grant No.
Miami, Florida 33130 S-70243-AG
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
Type II - Progress Rept.
Arthur W. Fihelly I Oct. 72 - I Apr. 73
Goddard Space Flight Center 14. Sponsoring Agency Code
Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract
Interfacing is underway to add other input parameters to the thirteen
DCP's now transmitting by the NASA communication line to the Miami office
of the U.S. Geological Survey. A data memory system will also enhance
the data frequency of the present DCP by providing storage for later
transmission. From water levels and cumulative rainfall supplied from
the DCS, a simplified water budget was devised for a water management
area in South Florida. Hydrologic models are also being planned for other
areas. The U.S. Air Force's DAPP (Data Acquisition and Processing Program)
system is being used to supplement ERTS imagery. The satellites on the
DAPP system have six-hour frequencies over Florida and are useful for
interpolation where ERTS imagery has been sparse.
17. Key Words Suggested by Author 18. Distribution Statement
Data memory system,
Water management areas,
Precipitation, Evapotranspiration
Imagery
Temperature _--- _
19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page)
Unclassified Not applicable
21. No. of Pages 22. Price
21 p.
Figure 2A. Technical Report Standard Title Page. This page provides the d.lta elements required by DoD Form DD-1473,
HEW Form OE-6000 (ERIC), and similar forms. 200
INT: 2090 ._ 72
1. Report No.
4. Title and Subtitle
Author(s) E. T. Wimberly, A. L.
F 1H Conrd .s A F. onker
--
ERTS Type II Progress Report
(for period of October 1, 1972 thru April 1, 1973)
By
Eo T. Wimberly, A. L. Higer, E. H. Cordes, and A. E. Coker
a. Title: Acquisition and Processing Program of ERTS Data
in South Florida
ERTS-1 Proposal MMC 272
b. GSFC ID No. of PoIo: I 414
co A data memory system is being developed at the Mississippi
Test Facility to interface directly with the DCP, This
equipment and modifications will enhance the data frequency
of the present DCP by providing addressable storage registers
to hold the sensor values for transmission at a later time.
In operation the DCP will sequentially address the memory
registers for stored data rather than use the data generated
at the input terminals. The regular functions of the sensor
inputs (analog, serial digital and parallel digital) will
remain unchanged; only the internal data train will be interrupted
prior to encoding and transmission.
Some progress has been made to input wind-speed and
direction parameters as time and quadrature averages for use
in water budget studies.
2
Fifteen DCP's were allotted to the Miami office of the
U. S. Geological Survey. At the present thirteen DCP's are
in operation (two transmitters were found to have faulty
programming boards). The deployed DCP's are distributed over
the water management areas shown in figure 1. They have been
found to be especially useful in the remote areas of the
Everglades water basin. Figure 2 shows the data collection
network in the water management areas and a typical DCP. The
platforms presently monitor changes in the level of the free
water surface and cumulative rainfall, both on an hourly
frequency. Interfacing is underway to add other input parameters
such as wind speed and direction with quadrant and time
averaging. Other parameters such as water conductance and
solar radiation are also being considered for interfacing during
the next reporting period (April - May). Figure 2 does not
show a station operating in the Big Cypress Area and another at
the Miami office of the U. S. Geological Survey. But, all
thirteen operating stations are shown in figure 3 and are listed
in table 1 for reference.
3
Figure 1.-- Map of south Florida outlining water management areas. 
4 
UAIA COLLEC1 DRONET 
IN WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS 
SHARK RIVER 
SLOUGH 
& > • 
CONSERVATION AREAS 
EVERGLADES N A T I O N A L 
PARK 
Figure 2 . - - Data c o l l e c t i o n hydronet in water management a r ea s and a 
t y p i c a l Data Co l l ec t ion Platform (DCP). 
Ma mTH A ECTU ONT HLANDS COUNTY KEECHOEEC
COUNTY s
AN 11VER COUNTY
ST.LuCiE COUNTY
HARDEE COUNTY
DE SOTO/U'NTY , · ;-
SARASOTA 
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9~8
MONITORING STATIONi~~i EIRIVI 
hF GURE - LOCATIN MAP O THE PREENT D  COLLECTON PLATOUNTY
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,'~~   " 'L..i Sj't
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7
e. The water levels and cumulative rainfall for the telemetry
stations in Conservation Area 3A are plotted in figures 4 and
5. The land surface elevation shown is from U. S. Corps of
Engineers, Jacksonville, Florida. The data from these stations
can be used in many ways as shown in figure 6. In this figure
rainfall, inflows, outflows and storage in Conservation Area 3A
are shown for the months of February and March.
Conservation Area 3A was subdivided into Thiessen*
polygons. Each polygon is a sub-basin catchment monitored by
a DCP station in the respective polygon. The recorded rainfall
at each station is applied uniformly over the area of the poly-
gon. The volume of'rainfall or the flux into the conservation
area is then calculated from the sub-basin totals as shown in
figure 6. In February the distribution of rainfall in Conserva-
tion Area 3A ranged from 0.68 inches in polygon 2 to 1.56 inches
in polygon 4. In March the highest rainfall, 3.88 inches,
occurred in polygon 3 with a low of 1.81 inches in polygon 4.
The inflows and outflows for Conservation Area 3A are both
measured or estimated with assistance from both the Central and
Southern Florida Flood Control District and the U. S. Corps of'
Engineers. 
*A. H. Thiessen, "Precipitation Averages for Large Areas", Monthly
Weather Rev., July 1971, p. 1082. 8
11 - -3
WATER LEVEL _
z
LAND SURFACE _
10 2Z
Lu m 4~~~~~~~z
IJCUMULATIVE L~
_ 9 RAINFALL 
'" - ---- .-
8 
FB 1 0 20 1 10 20 30FJAB MAR
EVERGLADES 3-62SNEAR ANDYTOWN, FLORIDA
10 6
ul
- -LAND SURFACE - -
9 A ----- _ 4
u, =~~~~~WATER LEVE:L
w c -.
-, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RAINFALL ~U..
Lu I-
Lu
7 0
1 10 20 1 10 20 30
FEB MAR
EVERGLADES 3-63S NEAR ANDYTOWN, FLORIDA
FIGURE 4- HYDROGRAPHS OF EVERGLADES STATIONS 3-62S / 3-63S
EVERGLADES 3-64S NEAR MIAMI, FLORIDA
EVFRGLADES 3-65S NEAR MIAMI, FLORIDA
FIGURE 5-HYDROGRAPHS OF EVERGLADES STATIONS
10
3-64S / 3-65S
u)
0o
-'
,U
I-
-8
i,
DU
""7U
I.-
6
V)
Lu
U
zZ
4_
-a
U-
2>-
FEBRUARY
Rainfall (acre-feet)
11,500
9,200
16,400
9,100
46,200
Area
polygon 1
2
3
4
Total
Rainfall (acre-feet)
30,200
* 26,100
46,000
10,500
112,800
1,000
Feb 'Mar 'Apr
- Actual
773 Scheduled
IMay 'Jun 'July 'Aug '
Figure 6.-- Rainfall, storage, inflow and outflow for Conservation Area 3A
in February and March 1973. 
Area
polygon 1
2
3
4
Total
0
4< 4-
,o o X
oa a)
to 4 o
-O
O-4 co
00) 0
C 0
o o
44P 
1.000-
800-
600-
400-
200- 
0
MARCH
The end of month storage values shown in figure 6 are
calculated by the Uo So Corps of Engineers, Net change of stor-
age in Conservation Area 3A resulted in losses of 40,000 acre-
feet in February and 48,000 acre-feet in March. During both
months the total rainfall exceeded the loss in storage.
Expansion of the data collection system to include sufficient
water budget parameters to calculate daily, weekly and monthly
evapotranspiration losses is now being considered. A simplified
water budget equation balances the input and output against a
change in storage in the conservation area as follows:
P = precipitation
Qi = Surface flow into area
ET = Evapotranspiration
Qo = Surface flow out of area
Sb = Subsurface seepage out of area
A S = Storage change, gain or loss
P + Qi - ET - Qo - Sb A= S1 
12
A calculation of evapotranspiration of 99,600 acre-feet was
made for the month of February using the above equation and
the following values:
P = 46,200 acre-feet
Qi = 47,900 acre-feet
Qo = 12,100 acre-feet
Sb = 22,400 acre-feet (estimated)
S = -40,000 acre-feet (estimated)
For the month of March a similar calculation of 143,800
acre-feet was obtained for these values:
P = 112,800 acre-feet
Qi = 7,100 acre-feet
Q = 5,400 acre-feet
Sb = 18,600 acre-feet (estimated)
a S -48,000 acre-feet (estimated)
A similar hydrologic model is being developed for the Shark
River Slough shown in figure 7. However, at the present full
parameter coverage is lacking for the completion of the model.
13
SURFACE WATER STORAGE MODEL 
SHARK RIVER SLOUGH, EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK 
AREA 
FROM 
IMAGERY < * • „ " 
WAFER 
LEVEL 
FROM 
DATA COLLECTION 
PLAIfORMS 
nK .-.til 
VOLUME 
OF 
WATER 
WATER 
LEVEL 
\£-^ 
Figure 7.-- Schematic showing method of obtaining surface-water storage 
of the Shark River Slough by ERTS data. 
JI4 
Useful coverage of ERTS imagery in south Florida has
been sparse largely because of the 18 day lapse in
data,,z However, we are planning to use the Air Force DAPP
(Data Acquisition and Processing Program) system to supplement
ERTS imagery as shown in figures 8, 9 and 10. Table 2 gives
the characteristics of the DAPP imagery. DAPP is composed of
three satellites equipped with 8-channel radiometers and all
weather mobile tracking and processing stations. These satellites
have a six hour frequency over the Florida area. Therefore, we
are able to collect and interpolate imagery between successive ERTS
passes using the DAPP system.
g. Edwin H. Cordes, Research Hydrologist, has been instrumental
in the following facets of the Florida data collection system:
1. Design of the data collection platforms.
2. Design of the computer program for reducing and
analyzing DCS data.
3. Design of the multiplexing system.
4. Design of interfacing transducers to DCS.
5. Design of a system to interface a new timing mechanism
for the DCS.
Consequently, due to his outstanding performance in this area,
he has been designated by the Water Resources Division to be the
coordinator of our Florida DCS program. For all requests for
information concerning data acquisition and processing of DCS
data please contact Mr. Cordes.
15
Figure 8.-- Very high resolution (1/3 nautical mile at subpoint) DAPP 
imagery on March 24, 1972 at approximately 7:30 AM (spectral 
range: 0.4 to 1.1 microns, expanded visible). 
This is a fair weather day with off-shore low level wind 
flow over Florida and the southeast. The Grand Bahama and 
Andros reef area can be clearly seen. Some anamoluous grey 
shading east of Florida is due to the photographic processing. 
IS 
Figure 9.-- Infrared data (2 nautical miles resolution at subpoint) DAPP 
imagery on March 24, 1972 at approximately 7:30 AM (spectral 
range: 8-13 microns). 
The sensed radiation is converted directly to emission temp-
eratures for this imagery. There are 16 grey shades available 
in infrared data covering temperatures from 310°K to 210°K. 
This picture shows 16 grey shades spread over the range 300-
275°K. Black is emission temperatures of 300°K or warmer; 
white depicts 275CK or colder. 
17 
Figure 10.-- Infrared data (2 nautical miles resolution at subpoint) DAPP 
imagery on March 24, 1972 at approximately 7:30 AM (spectral 
range: 8-13 microns). 
This picture is an example of the thresholding capability in 
processing the temperature data. Only 4 grey shades are used: 
Black indicates emission temperatures of 296°K or warmer, dark 
grey corresponds to 295°K to 296°K, light grey is for 294°K to 
295°K, and white is 294°K and colder. 
18 
Table 2.--DAPP imagery data characteristics.
Resolution
Bandwidth
Sensitivity(WCM' ST )
(OK,EBT)
Coverage
Visual
2.0
0.4-1.1
8.8(-9)-2.54(-2)
Global
8
0.33
0.4-1.1
.8(-9)-2.54(-2)
Partial
Personal communication: Maj. Henry Brandli and Capt. John Oliver,
Patrick Air Force Base.
' 9
Infrared
2.0
8.0-13.0
210-310
Global
0.33
8.0-13.0
217-307
Partial
h. Two of the DCP's were found inoperative. The cause of the
failure is thought to be in the programming cards. The cards
have been returned to Wallops Island for repair. The faulty
DCP's are listed below:
DCP serial number State County Town -.Latitude Longitude
*6141 Florida Broward Andytown 26016'50"N 0800 25'10'W
6031 Has not been placed in field
*Replaced with 6055
20


Acquisition and processing problem of ERTS data in south Florida

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