COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA TRANSMISI 3N VERTICAL DE VIH EN EL ESTADO LARA. CENTRO REGIONAL DE INMUNOLOG\ucdA DEL HOSPITAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITARIO DR. ANTONIO MARIA PINEDA

Abstract

Para evaluar el comportamiento de la transmisi\uf3n vertical de VIH en el estado Lara durante el lapso 2011-2014, se realiz\uf3 un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo longitudinal, revis\ue1ndose 164 historias cl\uednicas de reci\ue9n nacidos productos de madres VIH positivas controlados en el Centro Regional de Inmunolog\ueda del Hospital Central "Antonio Mar\ueda Pineda", donde el mayor porcentaje de pacientes (29,87%) correspondi\uf3 al a\uf1o 2012; 76,82% de los reci\ue9n nacidos fueron registrados antes del mes de edad; predomino el sexo masculino (52,44%) y 95,73% era procedentes del estado Lara siendo los municipios m\ue1s afectados Iribarren (55,41%) seguido de Palavecino (15,28%). Con relaci\uf3n al cumplimiento del tratamiento antirretroviral seg\ufan el protocolo de prevenci\uf3n de transmisi\uf3n vertical del VIH se evidencio que 90,24% de las madres lo recibieron. Adem\ue1s al 80,48% se les practic\uf3 ces\ue1rea, 98,78% se le omiti\uf3 la lactancia materna y 98,78% de los ni\uf1os cumplieron zidovudina v\ueda oral durante seis semanas post nacimiento. Se encontr\uf3 que 81,71% de los ninos resultaron negativos para VIH siendo el porcentaje de transmisi\uf3n vertical global 3,60%. Al relacionar los resultados de los expuestos perinatalmente al VIH con el cumplimiento del protocolo se evidencio que el 100% (n120) de los que cumplieron el protocolo completo resultaron negativos para el Virus, mientras que el 100% (n5) de los que no lo cumplieron se infectaron. En conclusi\uf3n, la reducci\uf3n de la transmisi\uf3n vertical del VIH se logra con el diagn\uf3stico precoz del virus durante el embarazo y el cumplimiento del protocolo de prevenci\uf3n en todas sus fases. De ah\ued la importancia de un buen control prenatal para disminuir el riesgo de transmisi\uf3n vertical del VIH PALABRAS CLAVE: Virus Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida. Transmisi\uf3n Vertical. Protocolo de Prevenci\uf3n de la Transmisi\uf3n Vertical. PNSIDA/ITS. ABSTRACT To evaluate the performance of vertical transmission of HIV in Lara State during the period 2011-2014, a longitudinal retrospective descriptive study, reviewing medical records of 164 infants of HIV positive mothers products controlled at the Regional Hospital Immunology Center of Hospital Central Universitario "Antonio Maria Pineda" where the highest percentage of patients (29,87%) corresponded to the year 2012; 76,82% of newborns were registered before the month of age; male predominance (52,44%) and 95,73% gender from Lara state was the most affected Iribarren (55,41%) followed by Palavecino (15,28%) municipalities. With regard to adherence to antiretroviral therapy according to the protocol of prevention of MTCT of HIV showed that 90,24% of mothers received it. In addition to the 80,48% were cesarean, 98,78% will be omitted breastfeeding and 98,78% of the children were zidovudine orally for six weeks after birth. It was found that 81,71% of children tested negative for HIV and the percentage of 3,60% overall vertical transmission. By relating the results of perinatally exposed to HIV protocol compliance was evident that 100% (n120) of those who met the full protocol were negative for the virus, while 100% (n5) of those who do not They infected met. In conclusion, the reduction of vertical HIV transmission is achieved with early diagnosis of the virus during pregnancy and prevention protocol compliance in all its phases. Hence the importance of good prenatal care to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV. KEY WORDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus. Vertical Transmission. Protocol for the Prevention of Vertical Transmission. PNSIDA/STI. <br