Erkkilä, Riku

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Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto

Humanistinen tiedekuntaRiku ErkkiläUniversity of HelsinkiMORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN CODING OF PATH IN KOMIMorphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 1Humanistinen tiedekunta• Uralic language of the Permic branch• Closest related languages Komi Permyak and Udmurt• Spoken in the Komi republic (Northeast of European Russia)• ~160 000 speakers (2010)Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 2KOMI LANGUAGEHumanistinen tiedekunta Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 3KOMI LANGUAGE (CONT.)Komi republic (Map: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0)Humanistinen tiedekunta Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 4KOMI LANGUAGE (CONT.)Komi Zyrian and Permyak dialects (Map: Niko Partanen)Humanistinen tiedekunta• In Komi Zyrian both nouns and certain relational nouns (postpositions and adverbs) can be inflected in spatial cases• There are two cases that express path in the Komi standard language, traditionally called prolative (-əd) and transitive (-ti)• (1) kanaʎ-jas-əd jəv mun-ə paɕkɨd-d͡ʒɨkchannel-P L -P R O L milk.N O M go-P R S .3S G big-C M Pkanaʎ-jas-əchannel-P L -IL L’The milk goes through channels to bigger channels.’Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 5PATH CODING IN KOMIHumanistinen tiedekunta• (2) a kazak-jas turun pəvst-ti kɨss-isnɨand Cossack-NOM.PL grass.NOM row-TRAN crawl-PST1.3PL’And the Cossacks were crawling through the grass.’• In most of the dialects and in the closely related languages both cases are present, but their productivity differs from the standard languageMorphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 6PATH CODING IN KOMI (CONT.)Humanistinen tiedekunta• Both cases are productive in nouns and relational nouns at least in the dialects of Upper Sysola, Middle Sysola, and Syktyvkar, and in the standard language based on the Syktyvkar dialect• In the more peripheral dialects prolative is used for nominal path-coding, whereas transitive is used with relational nouns• (3) [- -] on vermɨ tuj-jes-əd mun-nɨ vəl-ənNEG.2SG can.C N G road-P L -P R O L go-IN F horse-IN S T’[- -] you can’t go with a horse along the road.’ [Udora dialect]• (4) [- -] d͡ʑod͡ʑəg-jes [- -] kɨvt-ənɨ va vɨv-ti-ɨsgoose-N O M .P L slide-P R S .3P L water.N O M above-T R A N -F O C’[- -] the geese [- -] slide along above the water.’ [Udora dialect]Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 7DIALECTAL VARIATIONHumanistinen tiedekunta Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 8DIALECTAL VARIATION (CONT.)Komi Zyrian and Permyak dialects, central dialects marked in red (Map: Niko Partanen)Humanistinen tiedekunta• In the central dialects there are no morphosyntactic restrictions for the coding of path• In peripheral dialects the variation is in most cases prolative with nouns, transitive with postpositions• However, there are some words that function both as nouns and postpositions (I. e. relational nouns), e. g. veɕt ‘place’, ʃər ‘back(side)’, bok ‘side’, which can take both cases• (5) termaɕ-təg leb-nɨ stav tajə mitɕlun-ɨs veɕt-ədhurry-C A R fly-IN F all DMST beauty-F O C place-P R O L’Without hurry they fly above all this beauty.’Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 9MORPHOSYNTACTIC VARIATIONHumanistinen tiedekunta• (6) təlɨs sɨ veɕt-ti nu-ə t͡ʃɨn-sə [- -]wind.N O M DMST place-T R A N carry-P R S .3S G smoke-P O S S .3S G .A C C’The wind carries the smoke above it [- -]’Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 10MORPHOSYNTACTIC VARIATION (CONT.)Humanistinen tiedekunta Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 11MORPHOSYNTACTIC VARIATION (CONT.)Distribution of the path-coding cases between nouns and postpositions.Humanistinen tiedekunta• When the choice between the path-cases is not governed by morphosyntactic factors (e. g. in the standard language), the choice is made based on the following semantic parameters• The shape of the Landmark• (7) vod͡ʑd͡ʒɨknas parəvəj sudno-jas-ən vetl-isnɨ səmɨnearlier steam vessel-P L -IN S T go-P S T 1.3P L onlyju-jas-əd [- -]river-P L -P R O L’Earlier steam ships used to travel only along rivers [- -]’Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 12SEMANTIC VARIATIONHumanistinen tiedekunta• The control imposed by the Landmark on the Trajector• (8) koʎk kɨʃ roʑ-jas-əd pet-ə gaz [- -]egg.N O M shell.N O M hole-P L -P R O L exit-P R S .3S G gas.N O M’The gas exits the egg through the shell holes [- -]’• (9) jəs-ɨd lebat͡ɕ-jas moz sɨnəd-ti lebal-ənɨ [- -]people-F O C bird-N O M .P L like air-T R A N fly-P R S .3S G’People fly like birds through the air [- -]’• These parameters are not absolute, but rather visible tendencies that can interact with eachother and other factorsMorphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 13SEMANTIC VARIATION (CONT.)Humanistinen tiedekunta Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 14SEMANTIC VARIATION (CONT.)Distribution of the path-coding cases between the shape of the Landmark (hole & oblong impose control to the Trajector).Humanistinen tiedekunta• The coding of path in Komi Zyrian show variation on many different levels of language organisation• The variation on different levels intertwine and affect each other in different ways• More thorough research is needed to clarify these delicate interactions• More dialect data is needed in order to be confident about the exact geographical distributions• Both prolative and transitive are rare cases (2000 / 1 000 000 noun tokens; 1500 P R O L , 500 TRAN)• Interaction between literary standard and vernacular dialects largely uninvestigatedMorphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 15CONCLUSIONSHumanistinen tiedekunta• The study was made in cooperation with FM Niko Partanen (University of Helsinki)• Baker, Robin 1985: The developement of the Komi case system. A dialectological investigation. MSFOu 189. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.• Bartens, Raija 2000: Permiläisten kielten rakenne ja kehitys. MSFOu 238. Helsinki: Societé Fenno-Ougrienne.• Fenno-Ugrica collection of the National Library of Finland: https://fennougrica.kansalliskirjasto.fi/• Vandeloise, Claude 2010: Genesis of spatial terms. In Chiton, Paul & Evans, Vyvyan (eds.) Language, cognition, and space. The state of the art and new directions, p. 171–192. London: Equinox.Morphological variation in coding of Path in Komi / Riku Erkkilä 16REFERENCES

Morphological variation in coding of PATH in Komi

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Morphological variation in coding of PATH in Komi

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