A new perspective in the study of the scholar leadership in Chile: The distribution of leadership in schools through structural and network analysis

Abstract

Investigación patrocinada por FONDECYT Chile. Proyecto Nº 113016El estudio del liderazgo se ha desarrollado a partir de su consideración como una variable relevante en la eficacia escolar. Diversas han sido las aproximaciones trabajadas, especialmente la distribución del liderazgo, definido como una capacidad posible y necesaria en una gama más amplia de actores de la escuela lo que aumentaría significativamente su eficacia. En Iberoamérica son escasos los estudios de esta naturaleza, más aún en Chile. Este trabajo aborda la distribución del liderazgo en escuelas vulnerables y efectivas. 51 escuelas con resultados sobre la media de su grupo socioeconómico, en tres mediciones de la prueba estandarizada SIMCE (8° grado). Se aplica, por primera vez en Chile, una escala para recoger la distribución del liderazgo, de manera directa, mediante el Análisis de Redes Sociales. Se trabajaron las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, con análisis de alfa de Crombach y factorial exploratorioThe study of leadership in schools has been developing since its considered as a relevant variable in the effectiveness of these organizations. Several approaches have been worked on, especially the pedagogical leadership and the distribution of leadership. This last one is understood as a possible and necessary capacity in a broader extension of the actors of the school, wich could increase the effectiveness of the school itself. In Ibero America, studies of this nature are scarce and even more so in Chile, where the subject is just beginning to be worked on. These paper addresses the issue of the distribution of leadership in vulnerable and effective schools. 51 schools with scores above the media of their own socioeconomic group, in at least three measurements of the SIMCE standardized test (applied to 8th grades). This work developed, for the first time in Chile, a scale that allows to collect the distribution of leadership, directly, through the Social Networks Analysis. Psychometric properties of the instrument were worked out, based on Crombach's alpha analysis and exploratory factor analysi