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The subject in the existential phenomenology of Jean Paul Sartre

Abstract

El presente artículo examina la concepción del sujeto en el pensamiento de Jean Paul Sartre. Dicho examen se lleva a cabo, por motivos históricos y conceptuales, apelando directa e indirectamente a la filosofía de Heidegger, Husserl, et.al., siendo éste último el bastión, alterno a Sartre mismo, más importante para el desarrollo del presente texto. Así, dicho análisis del concepto de sujeto, y de sus implicaciones y conceptualizaciones fenomenológicas, se lleva a cabo a través del estudio de varias formas de conciencia: la conciencia del objeto, referida a algo distinto de sí misma, y la conciencia de sí, que, al mismo tiempo, se dice de dos formas distintas, a saber: 1. Como conciencia refleja, no reflexiva; y 2. Como conciencia reflexiva. Gracias a esta distinción y análisis de conceptos como Yo, conciencia y sujeto, Sartre se convierte en un crítico de la filosofía moderna del sujeto y, como consecuencia de ello, con el pensamiento sartreano se llega a la convicción de que lo único real es la conciencia, no el mero Yo. Por tanto, el tratamiento husserliano de la conciencia –que Sartre compartirá-, entendida ésta como una constante actividad intencional, devendrá, necesariamente, en el primado del sujeto, pues el sentido de los fenómenos se origina, finalmente, en élThe present article examines the concept of “subject” in Jean Paul Sastre`s thought. This examination, due to historical and conceptual reasons, is based directly and indirectly in both Heidegger and Husserl`s philosophies (and on other`s as well). Husserl`s Philosophy is the main foundation, which alternates with Sartre`s Philosophy, it is most important for the present text. So, the said analysis of the concept of “subject” and its implications and its phenomenological conceptualizations, is made undergoing the study of various forms of conscience: the conscience of the object, referred to something other than itself, and the conscience of oneself, which at the same time, is said in two different ways, that is: 1. as a reflexed, and not reflexive, conscience and 2. As reflexive conscience. Thanks to this said distinction and analysis of concepts such as I, conscience and subject, Sastre becomes a critic of Modern Philosophy of the Subject and, as a consequence of it, with sartrean thought one reaches the conviction that conscience is the only real, and not mere I. Therefore, the husserlian treatment of conscience – which Sastre will come to share -, understood as a constant intentional activity, will become, necessarily, in the priority of the subject since the sense of the phenomena originates, ultimately, in the subjec

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