DOTTO, GIORGIA

MARTINI, MARCO

MENANDRO, MARIA LUISA

MONDIN, ALESSANDRA

PASOTTO, DANIELA

Tonellato, F. R.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

English

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Padova

Abstracts / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 53S (2016) 4–163 49Medium, MSA manitol salt agar (Oxoid), m Enterococcus Agar(Sigma Aldrich). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns (Kirby Bauer) tomarboﬂoxacine, oxytetracycline, eritromycine, amikacyne, ampi-cilline, enroﬂoxacin, ciproﬂoxacin, streptomycin were adapted toCLSI standards. MAR (multiple antibiotic resistance) index for eachbacterial genus and strain as well as mean values were calculatedand analyzed by Statistica program.Results: The results suggested a heavy bacterial pollution ofboth water and sediment. A total of 47 strains (water 21, 44.68%;sediment 26, 55.32%) were isolated, namely each Enterococcus spp.and Staphylococcus spp., equally distributed in the water and sedi-ment (47.62% and 52.38%, respectively), while E. faecalis (5 strains)was prevalent in the sediment (80%). There were no signiﬁcantdifferences between the sensitivity to antibiotics of enterococcifrom water (w) and sediment (s), but although the latter were lessresistant to ampicilline (42.86% versus 100%), their MAR index washigher (0.2±0.072 versus 0.156±0.05) indicating the strains origi-nated fromhigh risk sources. The staphylococciwere least sensitiveto ampicilline (w 66.67%, s 20%), but resistance to eritromycine,enroﬂoxacin, ciproﬂoxacin and streptomycin was present, rangingfrom 16.4 to 40%. The MAR index was the highest for the strains inthe sediment (0.333±0.072).Conclusion: The results of the study partially supportedour hypothesis, indicating a large numbers of enterococcal andstaphylococcal isolates, with an increased antibiotic resistanceposing a high health risk in the ecosystem. Supported byPNII/61-2012http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.12619.044Resistance of nosocomial pathogens in burnsunit (Yaroslavl, Russia)S. Palyutina,∗, I. Vedeninb, V. Berezinb, A.Shagarovab, M. Ershovac, E. Poletaevac, S.Angelovac, G. Abrosimovaca Yaroslavl State Medical University, ClinicalPharmacology, Yaroslavl/RUb Clinical Hospital n.a. N.V. Solovyev, Burn Unit,Yaroslavl/RUc Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital№1, Clinicalbacteriological laboratory, Yaroslavl/RUPurpose: In patients in burn units (BU) with infectious compli-cations are often problems with the appointment of antimicrobialagents, including in relation with a higher level of resistance ofpathogens. The aim of our study was to evaluate the resistance ofthe main problematic pathogens in the BU.Methods & Materials: Pathogen isolates were collected frompatientshospitalized inBUofYaroslavl EmergencyClinicalHospitalin 2015 year. Susceptibility (S) and resistance (R) of Ps.aeruginosae,Acinetobacter baum., E.coli, Klebsiella pneum. and S.aureus wasinterpreted to principal antimicrobial drugs according to currentEUCAST standard by disk-diffusion.Results: In 2015 was isolated from patients in the BU: S. aureus- 26, Acinetobacter baum. - 9, Ps. aeruginosae - 7, Klebsiella pneum.- 6 and E. coli - 3. The localization of pathogenic material wereburn wounds. Of the 26 strains of S.aureus only 7 were MRSA.These strains were susceptible to aminoglycosides, rifampicin andfusidin. R of Ps. aeruginosae was extremely high for all drugs,including carbapenems (R to imipenem and to meropenem -28.5% and 42.8%, respectively). High activity (R <25%) maintained:ceftazidime, aztreonam, gentamicin (S for all - 100%), amikacin,tobramycin (S both - 14.3%). Acinetobacter baum. showed a higherlevel of resistance. Activity retained: cefoperazone / sulbactam (R -0%), ampicillin / sulbactam (R - 11%), imipenem (R - 22.2%), whilethe level R to other drugs (ceftazidime, meropenem, aztreonam,piperacillin / sulbactam, ciproﬂoxacin, amikacin, tigecycline) wasmuch higher - 89, 100, 100, 88, 83, 75 and 38% respectively. Allstrains of E.coli were producers beta-lactamases (ESBL (+), AmpC(+)). Pathogens were resistant to carbapenems. At the same time,all strains of E.coli were susceptible to cefoperazone / sulbactamand piperacillin / tazobactam.Conclusion: Among pathogens from patients in BU there is noclear predominance of Gram (-) or Gram (+) ﬂora. The highest levelsof resistance have been reported in Gram (-) pathogens. The spreadof strains resistant to carbapenems is a seriousproblemforpracticalpublic health.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.12719.045Prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia colifrom different canine populations in ItalyD. Pasotto ∗, M.L. Menandro, G. Dotto, F.R.Tonellato, A. Mondin, M. MartiniUniversity of Padua, Department of AnimalMedicine, Production and Health, Legnaro - Agripolis(PD)/ITPurpose: The increased diffusion of antimicrobial-resistantbacteria, especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in humans, animals, and their sur-rounding environments is a severe problem of Public Health.Cephalosporins represent one of the few therapeutic options totreat many bacterial infections, so they are deﬁned as criticallyimportant drugs for their broad activity. Since the spread ofthese bacteria implies different transmission routes and reservoirsincluding pets, the aim of this study was to provide data on theprevalenceandcharacterizationof ESBL-producingE. coli fromdogsof different origins.Methods & Materials: Faecal samples of 511 dogs (237 fromhouseholds, 193 from kennels and 81 from public gardens) wereplated on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime andBrilliance-ESBL Agar (Oxoid). Presumptive ESBL-producing E. coliwere conﬁrmed by combination disk diffusion tests. Susceptibil-ity to the non-beta-lactams was determined by the disk diffusionmethod according to the CLSI guidelines.Results: Of the 511 samples, 31 (6%) carried an ESBL-producingE. coli. Most of the ESBL-producers (22 strains; 71%) were isolatedfrom kennels, followed by 7 (22.6%) from faeces from public gar-dens and 2 (6.4%) from household dogs. Most of these isolates werealso classiﬁed asmultidrug-resistant, showing resistance to at leastthree antimicrobial classes. All the ESBL-producing isolates indeedshowed resistance to at least one of the quinolones tested and arange of resistance to carbapenems from 22% in samples from ken-nels to50% in samples fromhouseholds animals andpublic gardens.Conclusion: The presence of commensal ESBL-producingEscherichia coli in canine faeces conﬁrms the role of pets aspotentialhomely and environmental sources of resistant bacteria to criti-cally important drugs for humans. The high number of pets, theirclose relationshipwith humans and the increased attention to theirhealth poses risks of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacte-ria among dogs and humans. Indeed, the spread of resistance dueto the use in pets of drugs for treatment of infectious diseases,including compounds of primary importance in the treatment ofhuman infections, should not be underestimated. Therefore, thisstudy highlights the need of monitoring antimicrobial-resistance50 Abstracts / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 53S (2016) 4–163also incompanionanimals tohaveacompletepictureof thedynam-ics of this phenomenon.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.12819.046Prevalence and antimicrobial-resistancecharacterization of vancomycin resistantenterococci (VRE) strains in healthy householddogs in ItalyD. Pasotto ∗, G. Dotto, M.L. Menandro, A. Mondin,M. MartiniUniversity of Padua, Department of AnimalMedicine, Production and Health, Legnaro - Agripolis(PD)/ITPurpose: Enterococci are one of the leading causes of noso-comial infections for humans and the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci (HLRA) caused public health concern becausethese drugs are often one the few therapeutic alternatives for treat-ment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterococcal infections. Thewidespread effect of MDR enterococci is partially driven by theselective pressure produced by the use and overuse of drugs inboth human and veterinary medical practice. In recent decades,the analyses of their virulence and antimicrobial-resistance traitsin hospital-acquired infections have been extensively reported inhumans. However, less attention has been given to the role of petsas reservoir of MDR enterococci, despite their relationship withhumans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence andthe antimicrobial-resistance traits of VRE from household dogs.Methods & Materials: Faecal samples of 237 healthy house-hold dogswere tested to detect Enterococcus spp. using the classicalbacteriological procedure. The species identiﬁcationwas conﬁrmedby PCR assays as previously described. Antimicrobial-resistance tovancomycin was assessed by plating single colonies on BrillianceVRE Agar (Oxoid). The antimicrobial susceptibility to high-levelaminoglycosides and to other compounds (together with the con-ﬁrmation of vancomycin-resistance), was evaluated by the diskdiffusion method based on recommendations of the CLSI.Results: Enterococci were detected in 72% (n=170) 170 ofdogs and, in accordance with other studies, the most prevalentEnterococcus species were Enterococcus faecalis (n=118; 69.4%) andEnterococcus faecium (n=50; 29.4%). The 49% of the isolates (n=84)were VRE and 2.4% (n=2) and 21.5% (n=18) of VRE strains showedHLR to gentamycin and streptomycin respectively. Interestingly,most of these isolates were also classiﬁed as multidrug-resistant.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that dogs are commonlycolonized by antimicrobial-resistant enterococci and highlight therole of pets as reservoir of last-line drug resistances. Moreover, theclose contact with humans conﬁrms the possible transmission ofantimicrobial-resistant bacteria from dogs to humans. Therefore,the study stresses the need of surveilling this phenomenon also incompanion animals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.12919.048Detection of carbapenemase production bymultidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumanniiisolates from selected wards in dr georgemukhari academic hospitalD.T. PhofaSefako Makgatho Health Sciences University,Microbiological Pathology, Pretoria, GAUTENG/ZAPurpose: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii hasemerged as an important cause of nosocomial outbreaks world-wide. Detection of carbapenemase production by modiﬁed Hodgetest using Mueller Hinton agar has been reported to be less sen-sitive. The objectives of this study were two-fold: i. to comparethe performance of MacConkey agar (MA) and Mueller Hinton agar(MHA) for the detection of carbapenemases; ii. to determine thetype of carbapenemases that are produced by A. baumannii isolatesfrom Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGM).Methods & Materials: Twenty four stored carbapenem-resistant and 2 carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii isolateswereidentiﬁed using Vitek 2 automated system (bioMerieux, France).The modiﬁed Hodge test (MHT) was done according to CLSI guide-lines on MHA (DMP, South Africa) and MA (DMP, South Africa)using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and meropenem disks. All theplateswere incubated at 370C overnight. Detection of carbapenem-resistance genes (OXA-23, OXA-40, OXA-58, SIM, VIM-1, VIM-2AND IMP-like) was done according to published molecular meth-ods.Results: Of the 24 carbapenem-resistant isolates which werescreened, 87.5% (21) and 62.5% (15) were found to be carbapene-mase positive byMHT onMA andMHA, respectively. The cloverleafpattern on MHA appears to be absent for some of the isolates butit is accentuated on MA. Both MHA and MA showed 50% false posi-tive result for the 2 susceptible isolates. Of the 24 resistant isolateswhich were screened for bla genes, 87.5% (21) and 25% (6) werefound to have OXA-23 and OXA-40, respectively.Conclusion: MA may be used in place of MHA for the screeningof carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and thus will impact oninfection control practices. OXA-23 bla gene was the most preva-lent carbapenemase type at DGM Hospital. Though the numberswere small, the study conﬁrms that phenotypicmethods lack speci-ﬁcity and sensitivity, hence their results have to be conﬁrmed bymolecular methods.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.130

Prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from different canine populations in Italy

Pasotto, Daniela

Menandro, Maria Luisa

Dotto, Giorgia

Mondin, Alessandra

Martini, Marco

Padua Research Archive

D. Pasotto

M.L. Menandro

G. Dotto

F.R. Tonellato

A. Mondin

M. Martini

Crossref

https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3217654/1/1-s2.0-S1201971216313467-main.pdf

Prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from different canine populations in Italy

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