open6noopenDotto, G.; Menandro, M.L.; Mondin, A.; Martini, M.; Tonellato, F.R.; Pasotto, D.Dotto, Giorgia; Menandro, MARIA LUISA; Mondin, Alessandra; Martini, Marco; Tonellato, F. R.; Pasotto, Daniel

Dotto, Giorgia

Martini, Marco

Menandro, Maria Luisa

Mondin, Alessandra

Pasotto, Daniela

Tonellato, F. R.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

English

Padua Research Archive

Wild birds as carriers of antimicrobial-resistant and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae

DOTTO, GIORGIA

MENANDRO, MARIA LUISA

MONDIN, ALESSANDRA

MARTINI, MARCO

PASOTTO, DANIELA

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Padova

Abstracts / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 53S (2016) 4–163 5919.076Wild birds as carriers of antimicrobial-resistantand ESBL-producing EnterobacteriaceaeG. Dotto ∗, M.L. Menandro, A. Mondin, M. Martini,F.R. Tonellato, D. PasottoUniversity of Padua, Department of AnimalMedicine, Production and Health, Legnaro - Agripolis(PD)/ITPurpose: Extended-spectrum ˇ-lactamases (ESBLs) has been stud-ied widely in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from humans andlivestock in Europe. In contrast, information on this phenomenonin wild animals is poor, although the close interaction betweenwildlife, other animals and human-inﬂuenced habitats poten-tially allows bacterial exchange. Moreover, migratory behaviour ofwild birds make these animals potential carriers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from human-inﬂuenced environments over longdistances. Thus, the aim of this work was to provide data onthe prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing E. coli andSalmonella spp. from wild birds in Northern-Italy.Methods & Materials: One hundred-three cloacal samplesfrom wild birds (belonging to the Accipitridae, Anatidae, Strigidae,Apodidae, Corvidae, Falcoides, Fringillidae, Scolopacidae, Laridae,Columbidae, Picidae, Strigidae, Sylviidae and Turdidae Families)were tested to detect E. coli and Salmonella spp. using the clas-sical bacteriological procedure. Single colonies were plated onBrilliance-ESBL Agar (Oxoid) and presumptive ESBL-producerswere conﬁrmed by combination disk diffusion tests. Susceptibil-ity to the non-beta-lactams was determined by the disk diffusionmethod according to the CLSI guidelines.Results: Thirty-ﬁve animals (33.9%) were carriers of E. coli and1 (0.9%) of Salmonella spp. Of the 77 strains isolated (diverse bac-terial colonies from the same animal were stored if they showeddifferences in morphology), 4 (5.2%) were ESBL-producing E. coli.The E. coli ESBL-producers were isolated from 2 Accipiter gentilis, 1Falco Linnaeus and 1 Trichoglossus haematodus. The Salmonella spp.isolate was not ESBL-producing. A considerable number of strains,including 3 of the 4 ESBL-producing strains, were also classiﬁedas multidrug-resistant, showing resistance especially to amino-glycosides, sulfonamides and tetracycline. All the isolates weresusceptible to the quinolones tested and the unique Salmonella spp.strain was susceptible to all the compounds tested.Conclusion: The presence of antimicrobial-resistant and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in wild birds highlight the potential rolesof these animals as source of resistant bacteria to critically impor-tant drugs. The migratory behaviour of some of these animals,together with the close contact with urban and peri-urban areas,suggests that wild birds can contribute to the global disseminationof resistance among different ecosystems.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.15019.079Seroprevalence and risk factors for equinearboviral infections (Eastern EquineEncephalomyelitis, Western EquineEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineEncephalomyelitis and West Nile Fever) in CostaRicaS. Huttera,∗, M. Baldib, C.L. Firtha, B. Leónc, A.Käsbohrerd, C. Jimenezea University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Instituteof Veterinary Public Health, Vienna/ATb Insitute of Wildlife Ecology, University ofVeterinary Medicine, Vienna/ATc Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal, Ministerio deAgricultura y Ganadería, Heredia/CRd University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Instituteof Veterinary Public Health, Vienna/ATe Universidad Nacional, Virology, Heredia/CRPurpose: To gain a better understanding of the epidemio-logical situation of arboviral infections in horses in Costa Rica,a national IgG seroprevalence study was performed in 2013. InCosta Rica, equine arboviral infections are caused by Alphavirusessuch as Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEV), Westernequine encephalomyelitis virus (WEV) and Venezuelan equineencephalomyelitis virus (VEV), as well as a Flavivirus: West NileVirus (WNV).This study was carried out in response to a number of lethaldisease outbreaks in horses, which were primarily caused by VEV,but also WNV and EEV. Arboviruses, which are transmitted tohorses and humans through blood-sucking mosquitoes, may causepyrexia, neurological disease and even death in both animals andhumans.Methods & Materials: The representive sample size withrespect to the national horse population was calculated to be 196,assuming a total population of 140,000, using a precision of 7%,a conﬁdence level of 95% and an expected seroprevalence of 50%.In the absence of horse distribution data, a convenience samplingapproach was required, collecting serum from 3 horses per canton.Samples were evaluated for IgG at a single dilution of 1:100.Alphaviruses were assessed by indirect ELISA, antibodies to WNVwere determined using a capture monoclonal, recombinant pro-tein. Risk factors such as mosquito density, housing system andlocation for these arbovirus infections were analysed.Results: A total of 241 horse serum samples from 80 cantonswere collected and analyzed.The highest seroprevalence was determined for EEV (61%), fol-lowed byWNV (58%), VEV (with 43%) andWEV (16%). Detected riskfactors were primarily related to the location (province), but alsomanagement (housing system).Conclusion: The present study was the ﬁrst nationwide sero-prevalence study of equine arboviruses in Costa Rica. The highseroprevalence of IgG to these viruses demonstrates that horsesare highly frequently exposed to these pathogens. However, wehave not yet been able to distinguish individual responses fromcross-reactions to these or other viruses of the genus, which mightbe resolved by serum neutralisation test. Nevertheless, this is animportant ﬁnding which may have consequences for both veteri-nary and human public health authorities in the country.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.151

G. Dotto

M.L. Menandro

A. Mondin

M. Martini

F.R. Tonellato

D. Pasotto

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https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3219080/1/1-s2.0-S1201971216313686-main.pdf

Wild birds as carriers of antimicrobial-resistant and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae

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