Al-Mulla, A.

Al-Nakib, D.

Alghimlas, F.

Maheshwari, G.P.

Texas A&M University

Enhanced Operation Strategies for Air‐
Conditioning and Lighting 
Systems Toward Peak Power Reduction 
for an Office Building in Kuwait
F. Alghimlas
A. Al-Mulla
G.P. Maheshwari
D. Al-Nakib
Building and Energy Technologies Department 
Environment and Urban Development Division
ICEBO 2012
Manchester, United Kingdom
October 23-26, 2012
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Electricity Use by Sector in Kuwait
Percentages of Primary Energy Utilization
Percentages of Electricity Utilization
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Yearly Increase in Power and Energy 
6160
6450
6750
7250
7480
7750
8400
8900
9070
9710
27.0 27.5
29.3
31.1
33.1
35.6
37.9
41.6
42.6
45.2
25
30
35
40
45
50
5500
6500
7500
8500
9500
10500
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Y
e
a
r
l
y
 
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
 
C
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
 
 
(
M
W
h
/
y
)
*
1
0
6
P
e
a
k
 
P
o
w
e
r
 
D
e
m
a
n
d
 
(
M
W
)
Years
Peak power
Yearly Electricity
Consumption
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Typical Power Demand Profile for Summer Day
5 2 0 0
5 5 8 0
5 9 6 0
6 3 4 0
6 7 2 0
7 1 0 0
7 4 8 0
7 8 6 0
0 :0 0 3 :0 0 6 :0 0 9 :0 0 1 2 :0 0 1 4 :4 5 1 7 :3 0 2 0 :3 0 2 3 :3 0
0 .7
0 .7 5
0 .8
0 .8 5
0 .9
0 .9 5
1
1 .0 5
P o w e r  D e m a n d
A v er a g e  o f  r a tio  o f  p o w er  d em n d  a n d
p ea k  p o w er
The focus to reduce the power 
demand during the peak hours
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Options to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption 
1. Implement energy efficiency and 
conservation measures in buildings to 
reduce their demand for electricity.
2. Generate and distribute electricity more 
efficiently. 
3. Use Renewable Energy Resources to 
generate electricity. 
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
KISR Achievement in Energy 
Auditing Program 
Building Year Energy Saving
(%)
Peak Power Reduction
(%)
Kuwait Port Authority 1996 30 20
KISR Main Building 2000 21 20
MEW and MPW buildings 
in South Surra 2004 20 38
Public Authority for Civil 
Identifications 2004 12 5
Al-Fanar Shopping Mall 2004 8 15
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Objectives
• To achieve a minimum 5% reduction in peak 
power demand of buildings  between 13:00 
and 14:00 h.
• To achieve a minimum 20% reduction in peak 
power demand of buildings  after 14:00 h.
• To develop guidelines for country wise 
implementation of peak power reduction 
strategies in all governmental buildings.
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Methodology
• Study the operation features of the building.
• Establish the baseline power demand profile.
• Develop the innovative approach strategies 
for A/C and lighting systems.
• Apply the developed strategies and modify 
them if required.
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
(1)Ministry of Health                                 (2) Chamber of 
Commerce    (3) Justice Palace 
(4) Public Institution for Social Securities  (5) Liberation Tower         
(6) Ministries Complex
(7) Public Authority of Youth and Sports   (8) State Audit Bureau  
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Building Description
• PIFSS building was 
inaugurated in 2005.
• It consists of a 24‐storey 
office tower and an 
adjoining 3‐storey podium 
block for the public with a 
total air‐conditioned space 
of around 58,000 m2. 
• Majority of the building 
occupants vacate the 
premise at 14:00 h.
• Building has a peak load of 
3,000 kW.
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Building Description cont’d
• Building automation system 
(BAS) monitors and controls 
important parameters such 
as: 
– supply air temperature 
– duct static pressure in the 
AHUs
– static pressure in the 
secondary chilled water 
pumps 
– supply water temperature 
from the chillers. 
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
HVAC System Description
• Water‐cooled chillers with 1,368 RT capacity are at 
957 kW.
• Primary and secondary (w/ VFDs) chilled water 
pumps are at 168.75 kW.
• Condenser water pumps are at 167.85 kW.
• Cooling tower fans at 90 kW
• Air handling units (including FCUs) are at 562.5 kW, 
of which 274.5 kW fans equipped with VFDs.
• Total VAC system power demand is 1,946 kW.
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
VAC System Description cont’d
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Share of Power Demand in Peak Summer Season
Chillers
41.8%
PCHWP
2.7%
SCHWP
7.4%
CWP
7.3%
AHU (w/ VFDs)
18.0%
AHU (w/ CS)
18.9%
CT Fan
3.9%
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Lighting System
• One of the most energy efficient lighting system in 
the country.
• First to use LED lamps for outside lighting.
• It uses energy efficient fluorescent tubes with 
electronic control gears (ECGs) and compact 
fluorescent lamps (CFLs).
• High bay high intensity discharge lamps (HIDs) in 
Podium.
• Fully controlled by BAS.
• Most of the lighting systems is switched off after 
working hours except for some areas.
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Approach & Methodology
• De lamping
• Re wiring and switching off the lighting system during 
the day in the staircases and lift lobbies and after 
working hours in Podium’s high bay luminaires, floor 
lights, planters and underneath counters.
• Use of time‐of‐day control for AHUs between 14:00 
and 19:00 h.
• Upgrading the BAS to implement TDC for room 
temperature.
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Power Demand Profile before and After Implementation of 
Optimized Operation Strategies
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
14:00 ‐ 15:00 15:00 ‐ 16:00 16:00 ‐ 17:00
P
o
w
e
r
 
d
e
m
a
n
d
 
(
k
W
)
Time (h)
Before Implementation
After Implementation
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Project Achievements 
• All time savings of 2.7 kW in the lighting 
system. 
• Additional direct savings of 31 kW in the 
lighting system between ‐14:00 and 19:00 h. 
• Direct savings of 92 kW through TDC of some 
of the AHUs. 
• Additional indirect savings of over 265 kW. 
• Overall reduction in peak power demand of 
over 17% between 14:00 and 19:00 h. 
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Special Achievement
• Implementation of TDC for room temperature 
after upgrading the BAS in October 2007 
achieved a direct savings of over 183 kW and 
indirect savings of 73 kW in fans and pumps 
power between 14:00 and 17:00 h.  These 
savings are expected to be higher during peak 
summer season.  Accordingly, overall 
reduction in power demand is going to exceed 
25%. 
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012
Acknowledgment
• Ministry of Electricity and Water – Water 
(Project Code # EU046C)
• Management of Participated Ministries and 
Government Institutions
• Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of 
Sciences for funding 
ESL-IC-12-10-52
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012


English

Enhanced Operation Strategies for Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems Toward Peak Power Reduction
for an Office Building in Kuwait

Texas A&amp;M Repository

Enhanced Operation Strategies for Air‐Conditioning and Lighting Systems Toward Peak Power Reduction for an Office Building in KuwaitF. AlghimlasA. Al-MullaG.P. MaheshwariD. Al-NakibBuilding and Energy Technologies Department Environment and Urban Development DivisionICEBO 2012Manchester, United KingdomOctober 23-26, 2012ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Electricity Use by Sector in KuwaitPercentages of Primary Energy UtilizationPercentages of Electricity UtilizationESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Yearly Increase in Power and Energy 616064506750725074807750840089009070971027.0 27.529.331.133.135.637.941.642.645.225303540455055006500750085009500105001999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Yearly Electricity Consumption  (MWh/y)*106Peak Power Demand (MW)YearsPeak powerYearly ElectricityConsumptionESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Typical Power Demand Profile for Summer Day5 2 0 05 5 8 05 9 6 06 3 4 06 7 2 07 1 0 07 4 8 07 8 6 00 :0 0 3 :0 0 6 :0 0 9 :0 0 1 2 :0 0 1 4 :4 5 1 7 :3 0 2 0 :3 0 2 3 :3 00 .70 .7 50 .80 .8 50 .90 .9 511 .0 5P o w e r  D e m a n dA v er a g e  o f  r a tio  o f  p o w er  d em n d  a n dp ea k  p o w erThe focus to reduce the power demand during the peak hoursESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Options to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption 1. Implement energy efficiency and conservation measures in buildings to reduce their demand for electricity.2. Generate and distribute electricity more efficiently. 3. Use Renewable Energy Resources to generate electricity. ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012KISR Achievement in Energy Auditing Program Building Year Energy Saving(%)Peak Power Reduction(%)Kuwait Port Authority 1996 30 20KISR Main Building 2000 21 20MEW and MPW buildings in South Surra 2004 20 38Public Authority for Civil Identifications 2004 12 5Al-Fanar Shopping Mall 2004 8 15ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Objectives• To achieve a minimum 5% reduction in peak power demand of buildings  between 13:00 and 14:00 h.• To achieve a minimum 20% reduction in peak power demand of buildings  after 14:00 h.• To develop guidelines for country wise implementation of peak power reduction strategies in all governmental buildings.ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Methodology• Study the operation features of the building.• Establish the baseline power demand profile.• Develop the innovative approach strategies for A/C and lighting systems.• Apply the developed strategies and modify them if required.ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012(1)Ministry of Health                                 (2) Chamber of Commerce    (3) Justice Palace (4) Public Institution for Social Securities  (5) Liberation Tower         (6) Ministries Complex(7) Public Authority of Youth and Sports   (8) State Audit Bureau  ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Building Description• PIFSS building was inaugurated in 2005.• It consists of a 24‐storey office tower and an adjoining 3‐storey podium block for the public with a total air‐conditioned space of around 58,000 m2. • Majority of the building occupants vacate the premise at 14:00 h.• Building has a peak load of 3,000 kW.ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Building Description cont’d• Building automation system (BAS) monitors and controls important parameters such as: – supply air temperature – duct static pressure in the AHUs– static pressure in the secondary chilled water pumps – supply water temperature from the chillers. ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012HVAC System Description• Water‐cooled chillers with 1,368 RT capacity are at 957 kW.• Primary and secondary (w/ VFDs) chilled water pumps are at 168.75 kW.• Condenser water pumps are at 167.85 kW.• Cooling tower fans at 90 kW• Air handling units (including FCUs) are at 562.5 kW, of which 274.5 kW fans equipped with VFDs.• Total VAC system power demand is 1,946 kW.ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012VAC System Description cont’dESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Share of Power Demand in Peak Summer SeasonChillers41.8%PCHWP2.7%SCHWP7.4%CWP7.3%AHU (w/ VFDs)18.0%AHU (w/ CS)18.9%CT Fan3.9%ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Lighting System• One of the most energy efficient lighting system in the country.• First to use LED lamps for outside lighting.• It uses energy efficient fluorescent tubes with electronic control gears (ECGs) and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs).• High bay high intensity discharge lamps (HIDs) in Podium.• Fully controlled by BAS.• Most of the lighting systems is switched off after working hours except for some areas.ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Approach & Methodology• De lamping• Re wiring and switching off the lighting system during the day in the staircases and lift lobbies and after working hours in Podium’s high bay luminaires, floor lights, planters and underneath counters.• Use of time‐of‐day control for AHUs between 14:00 and 19:00 h.• Upgrading the BAS to implement TDC for room temperature.ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Power Demand Profile before and After Implementation of Optimized Operation Strategies05001000150020002500300014:00 ‐ 15:00 15:00 ‐ 16:00 16:00 ‐ 17:00Power demand (kW)Time (h)Before ImplementationAfter ImplementationESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Project Achievements • All time savings of 2.7 kW in the lighting system. • Additional direct savings of 31 kW in the lighting system between ‐14:00 and 19:00 h. • Direct savings of 92 kW through TDC of some of the AHUs. • Additional indirect savings of over 265 kW. • Overall reduction in peak power demand of over 17% between 14:00 and 19:00 h. ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Special Achievement• Implementation of TDC for room temperature after upgrading the BAS in October 2007 achieved a direct savings of over 183 kW and indirect savings of 73 kW in fans and pumps power between 14:00 and 17:00 h.  These savings are expected to be higher during peak summer season.  Accordingly, overall reduction in power demand is going to exceed 25%. ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012Acknowledgment• Ministry of Electricity and Water – Water (Project Code # EU046C)• Management of Participated Ministries and Government Institutions• Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences for funding ESL-IC-12-10-52Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, October 23-26, 2012

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Enhanced Operation Strategies for Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems Toward Peak Power Reduction for an Office Building in Kuwait

Abstract

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Texas A&M University

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Enhanced Operation Strategies for Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems Toward Peak Power Reduction for an Office Building in Kuwait

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Texas A&M University

Texas A&amp;M Repository

Texas A&M Repository