Anthony Z Faranesh

Ashvin K George

Börnert

JA Derbyshire

Kanishka Ratnayaka

Michael S Hansen

Robert J Lederman

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

English

PubMed

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Virtual Dye Angiography: flow visualization for MRI-guided interventions using endogenous contrast

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ORAL PRESENTATION Open Access
Virtual Dye Angiography: flow visualization for
MRI-guided interventions using endogenous
contrast
Ashvin K George*, Anthony Z Faranesh, Kanishka Ratnayaka, JA Derbyshire, Robert J Lederman, Michael S Hansen
From 2011 SCMR/Euro CMR Joint Scientific Sessions
Nice, France. 3-6 February 2011
Objective
To efficiently visualize blood flow in real-time without
exogenous contrast agents.
Background
Visualizing blood flow is important in MR-guided inter-
ventions (e.g. repairing structural heart defects). We
introduce a method, called Virtual Dye Angiography
(VDA), to visualize flow in a manner inspired by con-
trast-enhanced X-ray angiography. Slightly similar to
arterial spin labeling, VDA saturates a localized region
using multidimensional RF pulses. Unlike phase-contrast
velocity mapping, which has unsuitably long acquisi-
tion times, VDA can be integrated into existing high-
contrast, high-SNR SSFP imaging sequences with
minimal modification.
Methods
Porcine experiments were performed on a 1.5T scanner
(Siemens;Espree) using a real-time multi-slice SSFP
sequence that was modified to include VDA. When
VDA was enabled (in real-time) a cylindrical column
(whose size and location were interactively controlled)
was continuously saturated. The VDA module consisted
of a shaped RF pulse played concurrently with a spiral
gradient [1] (to flip spins in the cylindrical column into
the transverse magnetization plane) followed by a spoiler
gradient in the slice direction (to saturate the column).
Two slices (1 and 2) were imaged in real-time with the
VDA saturation module (13 ms) played before the
acquisition of, and with the saturation column perpendi-
cular to, slice 1.
Results
VDA was demonstrated in multiple locations in the pig
heart. Figure 1 shows flow from the LV to the aorta;
without VDA (top row) and with VDA (bottom row).
The dashed white line in (e) denotes the relative posi-
tion of slice 2 to slice 1. The saturation column is
placed through the LV. The white arrows track the satu-
rated spins: in initial saturation in the LV (d) and into
the aorta (e and f). Figure 2 shows flow from the RV to
the pulmonary vessels using a saturation column placed
through the RV. The white arrows track the saturated
spins: in initial saturation in the RV (d), then exiting the
RV outflow tract (e), and in the pulmonary arteries (f).
Figure 3 shows the corresponding subtraction images.
Conclusions
We have introduced a real-time method of visualizing
blood flow. Its modularity allows for minimal modifica-
tion of the existing sequence. Future refinements we
envision include cardiac synchronization and motion
NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Figure 1 LV to Ao flow.
George et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2011, 13(Suppl 1):O25
http://jcmr-online.com/content/13/S1/O25
© 2011 George et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
compensation for consistent placement of the saturation
column and the use of DSA-like image subtraction for
enhanced visualization.
Published: 2 February 2011
Reference
1. Börnert : MAGMA 1998, 7(3):166-178.
doi:10.1186/1532-429X-13-S1-O25
Cite this article as: George et al.: Virtual Dye Angiography: flow
visualization for MRI-guided interventions using endogenous contrast.
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2011 13(Suppl 1):O25.
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Figure 3 Subtraction images corresponding to Figure 2.
Figure 2 RV to MPA flow.
George et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2011, 13(Suppl 1):O25
http://jcmr-online.com/content/13/S1/O25
Page 2 of 2


13(Suppl 1):O25. Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • Thorough peer review • No space constraints or color ﬁgure charges • Immediate publication on acceptance

Cite this article as: George et al.: Virtual Dye Angiography: flow visualization for MRI-guided interventions using endogenous contrast.

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Virtual Dye Angiography: flow visualization for MRI-guided interventions using endogenous contrast

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