2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Burnett, J

Chan, WTD

Chau, CK

Tu, E

PolyU Institutional Repository

????:0253-2468(2003)04-0476-07　　　?????:X51　　　?????:A????????????????涂　有 , 周志坤 , John Burnett , 陈维田　(?????? ???????? ,??)??:???? 14?????? PM10 、CO、NO2 ?????????????? , ???????????? , ????? 、? PM10?????????????????????????.????????????????? ,?????????????? ,???????????????????????? ,????????????????.???:PM10;CO;NO2 ;??????;????;????Indoor environment &air pollutant exposure in residential buildings ofHong KongEdward Y.Tu , C.K.Chau , J.Burnett , D.W.T.Chan　(Department of Bui lding Services Engineering , The Hong KongPolytechnic University , Hong Kong)Abstract:Hong Kong people spend most of their daily time in various indoor environments, especially in their dwellings located in high-risebuildings.Since then, the indoor air quality of residential buildings may deeply influence the health of Hong Kong people.In this researchproject , some major indoor air pollutants , such as PM10 , CO , NO2 , were monitored in 14 dwelling flats.The relationships among indoorPM10 concentration and outdoor PM10 concentration , occupant' s activitieswere analyzed through a multiple regression model.Combining withthe result of time budget survey , the dwelling indoor exposures of various pollutants were calculated for the estimation of health effect to HongKong population.Keywords:PM10, CO , NO2 , pollutant exposure , residential premises , indoor environment????:2002-09-17;????:2002-10-31????:?　?(1972—),? ,???????????? ,????????????????? ,???????????????.????????????[ 1] ,????????? ,???????????????? 80%.?????????????????????????? 90%,?????????????? 60%[ 2] .???? ,??????????????????????????? ,??????????????????????.??????????????????? ,????????????????????????[ 3 , 4] .???????????????????????????? ,???? 、??????????? CO 、NO2 ??????????????;????????????????[ 2] ,?????????????????? 、CO 、NO2?????????.??????????????? ,?????????????????????? ,???????????? 、?????????????.1　??????????(Pollutant Exposure)??????????????????[ 5—9] .???? 23 ?? 4?2003 ?7 ??　?　?　?　?　?ACTA SCIENTIAE CIRCUMSTANTIAEVol.23 , No.4Jul., 2003DOI :10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2003.04.013?????????????(microenvironment)?????????????????????? ,?????:E j =∑n1 citij (1)??:E j ???? j????????; ci ???? i ?????????; t ij???? j ???? i ??????;n ?????????.?????????????????????[ 10—12] .?????????????(Personal exposure monitor)?????? ,??????????;?????????????????[ 1, 2] ,????????????????? ,?????????.??????????????????????????????.? 1　??????????Table 1　Brief introduction of dwelling f lats taken IAQ measurements?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??1 ??? 3 2 ? ? ???? ??2 ??? 12 3 ? ? ???? ??3 ??? 10 4 ? ? ??? ???4 ??? 7 4 ? ? ??? ??5 ??? 17 3 ? ? ???? ??6 ??? 5 4 ? ? ???? ??7 ??? 3 3 ? ? ??? ??8 ??? 16 4 ? ? ???? ??9 ??? 14 6 ? ? ???? ???10 ??? 14 2 ? ? ???? ??11 ??? 2 2 ? ? ??? ??12 ??? 25 4 ? ? ???? ??13 ??? 19 4 ? ? ???? ??14 ??? 9 3 ? ? ???? ??　　?????? ,???????????? 、????? 14??? ,???????? PM10??????;????? CO 、NO2 、CO2 ?????????;?? CO2 ??????? ,?????????????? ,?????????????????.? 1??????????????????.????? 2000 ? 9 ?? 2001?2 ? ,????????????????.???????? 、?????????? 72 h???.?????? ,?? PM 7400(MetroSonic , ??)?????????? CO 、NO2??;?? DustTrak 8520(TSI ,??)??????? PM10 ?? ,?? Q-Trak(TSI ,??)?????????CO2 ??.???????? ,???????????? 、?? ,??????????.??????? 、??????? PM10 、CO 、NO2 ????? ,???????????????????? ,??? 、?? 、?? 、?????????????????;????????????? ,??? 、???????????.2　?????2.1　?? 、???????????????????????? ,? 1989???????????????;?????(HK-EPD)?1997???????????????????? ,????????????????(ASHRAE)?WHO ???????????? ,???“???????????????????” .? 2 、? 3?????????????????.???4774 ? ?　??:????????????????　　 ? 2　???????????Table 2　Hong Kong air quality objectives??? ???1 h 8 h 24h 3? 1????? ,μg·m-3 800 — 350 — 80?????? ,μg·m-3 — — 260 — 80?????? ,μg·m-3 — — 180 — 55???? ,μg·m-3 300 — 150 — 80???? ,μg·m-3 30000 10000 — — —?? ,μg·m-3 240 — — — —? ,μg·m-3 — — — 1.5 —? 3　???????????????????????Table 3　Recommended indoor air quality objectives for off icebuildings and public places in Hong Kong??? 8h??? 25℃, 101.325 kPa?? ?? ??＊???? ,mg·m-3 <1571 <1964 <9821???? ,μg·m-3 <2000 <10000 <29000?????? ,μg·m-3 <20 <180 —???? ,μg·m-3 <40 <150 <5600?? ,μg·m-3 <50 <120 <200?? ,μg·m-3 <30 <100 <370??????? ,μg·m-3 <200 <600 —? , Bq·m-3 <150 <200 —?? , cfu·m-3 <500 <1000 —?? , ℃ 20—25.5 <25.5 —???? , % 40—70 <70 —???? ,m·s-1 <0.2 <0.3 —　＊?????????? 4　??????????Table 4　Pollutant concentrations in dwelling flats?? 、?PM10?? ???? ??? ??? ?????PM10?? , μg·m-3 62.17 28.38 135.83 32.63??PM10?? , μg·m-3 56.64 27.18 140.44 29.52?????? , μg·m-3 1.12 0.30 2.43 0.60????????? ???? ??? ??? ???CO?? ,μg·m-3 964.14 655.06 3788.57 0NO2 ?? ,μg·m-3 67.68 33.20 155.27 18.78CO2 ?? , mg·m-3 1044.63 527.39 2958.37 307.43???????????(RSP)、CO 、NO2 ??[ 13—17] .???????????????(TSP)?????? 10μm???(PM10)[ 18] , ????????? ,??????.???????????? ,????? 、?? 、??????????????? PM10.? CO 、NO2 ???????? 、???????????.??????????????? ,??????????????????.????? 、?????????????? 4.?? 4?? ,?? 14??????? PM10 ???????32.63—135.83 μg·m-3??.????? 、??????? ,????? ,??????? ,??? PM10???????????????????????????????????????8 h??????? 180μg·m-3 ,????????????? 20μg·m-3??;?? PM10?????????????????????? 24 h??? 180μg·m-3.???????? PM10????? 0.60—2.43 ?? , ??????1.12 ,???? 0.3.? 1???????? PM10???????.?????????????? ,???????????????????????? ,??2???? ,????? PM10??????????.????? ,?? PM10 ??????? PM10 ????? ,???????? 、?????????????? ,??????????????????? PM10???????????????.??????? PM10 ?????? ,??? PM10?? 、?????? 、????????????? ,?? SPSS????????478 ?　　?　　?　　?　　?　　? 23 ??? ,??????:Cin =1.08Cout +5.60O +4.18S +11.17C -27.15 (2)??? C in??? PM10??(μg·m-3), Cout??? PM10??(μg·m-3), O ????? , S ????? , C?????.?????????? r 2=0.83 ,?????????????.??F ????????????????.????????? F???=10.29;?????????(α=0.01)??????(df 1=4;df 2=9),??? F??? =6.42;?? F??? >F??? ,???????????????.? 1　??/?? PM10?????Fig.1　Indoor outdoor PM10 ratio distributions? 2　??/?? PM10??????Fig.2　Relationship of indoor outdoor PM10 concentration　　??????????? ,???????????????????????.????????????????????(Standardized coefficients),???? PM10??????????=1.034??? ,??????? PM10???????? PM10????;?????? 、???????????????????? PM10??????? ,????????????????? 、??????? ,????????? PM10??????;??????????? ,????? 14??????3??????? ,???PM10????????????;?? PM10???????? PM10?????? ,???????????????????????????????.?? CO ??????? 0—3788.57 μg·m-3?? , ?? NO2 ??????? 18.78—155.27μg·m-3??.?? CO 、NO2?????????????????????????????? ,??????????CO 、NO2 ??????????????.????????????????????????????.??????????? ,???? ,??CO2 ??????????.2.2　????????????????????????????????.??????? ,??????????????????.??????????? ,??????????? ,????????? ,???? 396???????????????? ,? 5 ?????????? 、?????????????????????.????????????????? ,??????????? ,???? 1?????PM10 、CO 、NO2 ???????.? 3???????????????????????4794 ? ?　??:?????????????????????.????????????????? ,??????????????????????????;??????????? ,95%?????????????????19 h ,?????? PM10 、CO 、NO2 ??????? 1181.2 μg·h·m-3 、18318.7μg·h·m-3 、1285.9μg·h·m-3.? 5　??? 、???????????????????????????????Table 5　Average time spending at home of Hong Kong people in different age , gender and occupational groups???? ???? ?? , % ???? , h ??? , h ??? , h ??? , h?? 181 45.7 14.5 2.7 24.0 8.4?? 215 54.4 13.4 2.6 24.0 7.76—18? 40 10.1 14.2 2.2 21.1 10.518—60? 332 83.8 13.7 2.6 24.0 7.7>60? 24 6.1 16.6 3.3 24.0 10.5??＊ 316 79.8 13.4 2.3 24.0 7.7??? 40 10.1 17.4 2.7 24.0 10.5?? 396 100.0 13.9 2.7 24.0 7.7　＊????????????? 3　??????????????????????Fig.3　Distribution of daily time spending and pollutant exposures at home of Hong Kong people　　????????????? 、?? 、????????? ,????? 、?????????????????????.??? 5????? ,?????????????? ,?????? 6.????????????? ,???????(α=0.05 , 0.01),???????????????????????? t ?? ,?????? 7.480 ?　　?　　?　　?　　?　　? 23 ?? 6　??? 、?????????????????????????Table 6　Dai ly pollutant exposures at home of Hong Kong peoplein different age , gender and occupat ional groups?? ???? ??? , μg·h·m-3PM10 CO NO2?? 181 833.1 12920.6 907.0?? 215 900.4 13963.7 980.26—18? 40 885.3 13729.5 963.818—60? 332 849.0 13166.7 924.3>60? 24 1033.9 16034.6 1125.6??＊ 316 830.5 12879.0 904.1??? 40 1082.8 16791.5 1178.7?? 396 863.9 13397.4 940.5　　＊????????????　　?7??????:?????? ,????????? PM10 、CO 、NO2 ??????????????(α=0.01),????????????;?????? ,?????????????????? ,???????????(α=0.01),????????????????;???????? ,?????????????????????(α=0.01),???????????????.??????? ,???????(???????????????)?????????????? ,???????????????.? 7　???? 、??????????????????????????? t??Table 7　T-test for average daily pollutant exposures of Hong Kong peoplein different age , gender and occupational subgroups at home?? ??? t??? t??? α?? vs?? PM10 4.088 2.576 0.01CO 4.088 2.576 0.01NO2 4.088 2.576 0.01??? vs?? PM10 1.377 1.966 0.05CO 1.377 1.966 0.05NO2 1.377 1.966 0.05??? vs?? PM10 3.477 2.704 0.01CO 3.477 2.704 0.01NO2 3.477 2.704 0.01?? vs ?? PM10 5.364 2.797 0.01CO 5.364 2.797 0.01NO2 5.364 2.797 0.01?? vs??? PM10 10.296 2.704 0.01CO 10.296 2.704 0.01NO2 10.296 2.704 0.013　???????????? ,????? PM10 、CO 、NO 2 ?????????????????? ,???????????????????????????.????????????? ,?? 、? PM10????? 1.????????????? ,????????????.?? 、???????????? 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Indoor environment & air pollutant exposure in residential buildings of Hong Kong

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