The Iberian Peninsula comprises a diverse set of habitats. It was an important glacial refugium
during the Pleistocene and has served as a bridge for populations migrating between Africa
and Europe, resulting in a complex mix of ancestry and diversity. The Iberian honey bee (A.
m. iberiensis) is no exception and has been the subject of numerous incongruent population
genetic surveys. Recent mtDNA and SNP analyses indicate a steep northeastern-southwestern
cline of African ancestry along the peninsula, which has been explained by selection.
Advances in DNA sequencing technology and computational tools provide unprecedented
opportunities to study demography, search for signatures of selection across the genome and
illuminate its role in shaping genomic diversity. We used Illumina technology to sequence the
whole genomes of 86 Iberian honeybees, collected across three longitudinal transects in the
Iberian Peninsula and spanning semi-arid climates in the southeastern peninsula to oceanic in
the North-West. The dataset was first analyzed for FST-outliers, CLR (composite-likelihood
ratio) and EHH (Extended Haplotype Homozygosity) methods were further deployed to
evaluate polymorphisms implicated in local adaptation and possibly in the response to human-
mediated environmental changes, including known and novel variants in genes related to
behavior, vision, xenobiotic detoxification and immune response.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Chávez-Galarza, Julio

Costa, Filipe Oliveira

Henriques, Dora

Pinto, M. Alice

Rufino, José

Wallberg, Andreas

Webster, Matthew T.

The Iberian Peninsula comprises a diverse set of habitats. It was an important glacial refugium during the Pleistocene and has served as a bridge for populations migrating between Africa and Europe, resulting in a complex mix of ancestry and diversity. The Iberian honey bee (A. m. iberiensis) is no exception and has been the subject of numerous incongruent population genetic surveys. Recent mtDNA and SNP analyses indicate a steep northeastern-southwestern cline of African-European ancestry along the peninsula, which has been explained by selection and demo.
Advances in DNA sequencing technology and computational tools provide unprecedented opportunities to study demography, search for signatures of selection across the genome and illuminate its role in shaping genomic diversity. We used Illumina technology to sequence the whole genomes of 86 Iberian honeybees. To verify whether there are signals of genetic adaptation we have done simple pairwise comparisons between populations located in extremes of environmental variables, like precipitation and temperature.We owe special thanks to beekeepers from Spain and Portugal for their valuable help in obtaining
samples. Antonio Pajuelo provided the contacts of Spanish beekeepers. DNA extraction and SNP
genotyping were performed by Colette Abbey. Special thanks to Margarida Neto, Andreia Brandão
and Irene Muñoz for collaborating in the sampling. JC-G and DH are supported by Fundação para
a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through the scholarships SFRH/BD/68682/2010 and
SFRH/BD/84195/2012, respectively. This research was funded by FCT and COMPETE/QREN/EU
through the project PTDC/BIA-BEC/099640/2008 and BiodivERsA-FACCE2014-91.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Congress Program & Informationunil.ch/eseb2015@eseb2015#eseb15August 10 - 14, 2015Lausanne, SwitzerlandDépartement d'écologieet évolutionResistance and tolerance towards parasites in a polymorphic insect Willink B. et al. 1Evolutionary Potential of Ectoparasitism by Mites Polak M. et al. 1Coevolution between the red flour beetle and Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria: Transcriptome analysis of host defence after experimental evolution Milutinovic B. et al. 2Contemporary evolution of immunity in invasive species: The case of the domestic mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) and of the black rat (Rattus rattus) in Senegal Diagne C. et al. 2A targeted proactive response to prevent disease outbreaks in ant societies Pull C. et al. 3Parasitism as a driver of age-specific mortality in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) Lynsdale C. et al. 3Protein evolution of Toll-like receptors 4, 5 and 7 within Galloanserae birds Vinkler M. et al. 4Individual multilocus heterozygosity at immune gene loci but not microsatellites influences roe deer natal dispersal Vanpé C. et al. 4The QRS (Quantification of Representative Sequences) pipeline for amplicon sequencing: Case study on within population ITS1 sequence variation in a microparasite infecting Daphnia Gonzalez Tortuero E. et al. 5Variation of vector competence in Culicoides sonorensis Morales-Hojas R. et al. 5Why Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Tend to Cause Infertility: An Evolutionary Hypothesis Apari P. et al. 6Ants do drugs to fight disease Freitak D. et al. 6Steady state and induced immunity among castes of Formica exsecta Stucki D. et al. 7The Impact of Parasite Mediated Selection on the Host’s Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity at the Metapopulation Level Kaufmann A. et al. 7Use, effectiveness and variability of external immune defense in ants Tragust S. 8Multidimentional manipulation of host behaviour explains the ecological success of a social parasite Foitzik S. et al. 8Host age modulates parasite within-host competition Izhar R. et al. 9Local adaptation between malaria and its bird hosts: An experimental approach Jenkins T. et al. 9Variation in Toll-like receptor 4 in closely related passerine species adapted for different environments Králová T. et al. 10The Genetic Basis of Behavioral Coevolution: Adaptations in Socially Parasitic Slavemakers and Their Hosts Alleman A. et al. 10Mixed diets – the key to a healthy life? Dickel F. et al. 11Evolution of immune responses and parasitoid virulence in a spatial context Hambäck P. et al. 11How are coevolutionary trajectories affected by variable environments? Brunner F. et al. 12Uncovering host defense strategies: Bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster Kutzer M. et al. 12The relationship between host oxidative stress and Plasmodium infection in the canary, Serinus canaria Delhaye J. et al. 13Coinvasion and Coinfection: Evolution and adaptation in two invasive parasites infecting blue mussels Feis M. et al. 13Gene diversity of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIβ alleles of Scandinavian anuran species Cortazar Chinarro M. et al. 14Disentangling genetic and parental effects in determining immune function in a simultaneously hermaphroditic snail Seppälä O. et al. 14Microbiota plays a role in oral immune priming in Tribolium castaneum Futo M. et al. 15Not all MHC alleles are equal: Different characteristics of MHC Class I alleles among song birds O'Connor E. et al. 15Use of Concanavalin A in skin-swelling test of immune responsiveness facilitates interpretation of the measurement in rodents Bílková B. et al. 16Génopode 2000Monday, August 10th 1740-1940Poster session ASymposium 11. Host defence in a parasitized world: selection, evolution and the maintenance of variation48Microgeographic variation in tropical trees: Selection shapes intra-populational divergence at hundreds of loci Scotti I. et al. 165Reconstructing past demography from population specific FSTs Goudet J. et al. 165Searching for signatures of selection in Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) using whole genome sequences Martins Henriques D. et al. 166Selection pressures and recent adaptation in the genomes of invasive fire ants Privman E. et al. 166The Evolution and Divergence of the Special Homeobox Genes in Pararge aegeria Livraghi L. et al. 167The evolution of genomes and fitness traits in response to environmental change in the emerging model system Daphnia Orsini L. et al. 167The evolutionary challenge of climate change : Adaptive processes in the Mediterranean red coral Pratlong M. et al. 168The evolutionary history of Cochlearia (Brassicaceae) in Central Europe: Population- and phylogenomics of a cold relic in a warming world Koch M. et al. 168The genome-wide landscape of population genetic variation in brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations Gavan M. et al. 169The genomic basis of colour dimorphism and cold adaptations in a seabird Tigano A. et al. 169Using a landscape genomic analysis to detect selection by climate in natural populations of a Mexican endemic oak, Quercus rugosa Martins K. et al. 170Philogeography, population structure and phenotypic variation in the wing dimorphic grasshoper Dichroplus vittatus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Remis M. 171 Inference and misinference under models of Background Selection Ewing G. et al. 172A case of rapid postglacial speciation in the songbird genus Junco: Genome-wide divergence in SNP data suggests the role of multifarious selection Friis G. et al. 172An approximate Bayesian estimator of allele age and selection strength Ormond L. et al. 173An experiment in the wild to test if stickleback males adapt their colour to the ambient light environment Veen T. et al. 173An unexpected oviposition preference of the common bush brown (Bicyclus safitza) may help to explain butterfly-host plant coevolution Nokelainen O. et al. 174Assessing local adaptation in Aleppo pine by comparing molecular and phenotypic variation Martín-Sanz R. et al. 174Asymmetric gene flow between populations of the marine crab Liocarcinus depurator Mestres F. et al. 175Can fluctuating selection explain levels of variation in natural populations? Novak S. et al. 175Carry-over effects of the social environment on future divorce probability in great tits Radersma R. et al. 176Catch me if you can: Adaptation from standing genetic variation to a moving phenotypic optimum Matuszewski S. et al. 176Chronology of fitness traits evolution to climate change over 100 years in the water flea Daphnia magna Cuenca Cambronero M. et al. 177Cryptic species within a cardinalfish: Evidence for ecological speciation in the coral reef Gerlach G. et al. 177Dominance genetic variance for traits under directional selection in Drosophila serrata Sztepanacz J. et al. 178Effects of environmental heterogeneity on phenotypic and genetic variance components in a tree swallow population Bourret A. et al. 178Effects of temperature dependent survival during early development on adult fitness traits Schäfer M. 179Empirical insights of the effects of pollen flow on the adaptive potential of Fagus sylvatica populations Gauzere J. et al. 179Environment-dependent patterns of phenotypic integration in Aleppo pine Climent J. et al. 180Environment-dependent sexual selection: Bateman’s parameters under varying levels of food availability Chapuis E. et al. 180Estimating Selection of Skull Shape using Geometric Morphometrics Damasceno E. et al. 181Eusociality influence on the effective population size Vieira B. et al. 181Evaluation of adaptive potential of the European eel population suggests a recovery of its genetic status Baltazar-Soares M. et al. 182Symposium 28. Variation in natural selection: patterns, causes, and consequences57Searching for signatures of selection in Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) using whole genome sequencesHenriques D.1,2, Wallberg A.3, Rufino J.1,Chávez-Galarza  J.1,2 ,Costa F2., Webster M.T.3, Pinto M.A11Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, Bragança 3201-855,Portugal.2Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.3 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.IntroductionThe Iberian Peninsula comprises a diverse set of habitats. It was an important glacial refugium during the Pleistocene and has served as a bridge for populations migrating between Africa and Europe, resulting in acomplex mix of ancestry and diversity. The Iberian honey bee (A. m. iberiensis) is no exception and has been the subject of numerous incongruent population genetic surveys. Recent mtDNA and SNP analyses indicate asteep northeastern-southwestern cline of African-European ancestry along the peninsula, which has been explained by selection and demo.Advances in DNA sequencing technology and computational tools provide unprecedented opportunities to study demography, search for signatures of selection across the genome and illuminate its role in shapinggenomic diversity. We used Illumina technology to sequence the whole genomes of 86 Iberian honeybees. To verify whether there are signals of genetic adaptation we have done simple pairwise comparisons betweenpopulations located in extremes of environmental variables, like precipitation and temperature (Fig.1).Genome sequencing Illumina technology was used to sequence the whole genomes of  86 Iberian honeybees collected across three north-south transects in the Iberian Peninsula (Fig.1).The reads were mapped against the reference genome Amel_4.5 using BWA. Several steps of quality control were done:• Identify and marked PCR duplicates: Picard;• Identify regions of poorly and inconsistently mapped reads: GATK45;• SNP calling: FreeBayes.In order to reduce the number of  false SNPs, we removed the following SNPs:• Quality below 50;• Depth below 123 or higher then 3000;• With less then 37 alleles.• In total the dataset is composed by 1289449 SNPs.The environmental data were obtained from the Climatic Research Unit (www.cru.uea.ac.uk) and ArcGIS was used to manipulate the data MethodsSearching for signals of selection:In order to confirm whether  there are signals of genetic adaptation to different environments we selected the populations that are in the extremes of environmental variables (precipitation and temperature) (Fig.1) and we performed a pairwise FST at all SNPs between these populations using plink (Fig.2).The database DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/) were used to check whether  SNPs with extreme differences in frequency between populations from different environments are enriched in genesResults and Discussion A total of 29 SNPs have a FST higher than 0.60 (represented in red) and are mainly in chromosomes 7and 13 (Fig.2,a), most of these SNPs are near or inside genes (a total of 9 genes) in this case just oneSNP are in one intron with a distance from the nearest gene higher than 1000pb (Fig.2,1b). A total of6 outlier SNPs are near to the gene GB48105, that is a probable cytochrome P450. The gene GB49882also show 6 outlier SNPs, and this are responsible for potassium voltage channel. The functionallyrelated groups obtained using the genes that have outlier SNPS have functions related to metabolismand cell structure (Fig2, 1c).PrecipitationTemperatureA total of 60 SNPs have a FST higher than 0.60 (represented inred) (Fig2,d). Most of the SNPs are located in introns but near togenes (less than 1000pb) (Fig2,e). The gene GB46620 has 15outlier SNPs that is an uncharacterized protein homolog withC1orf11.Two functionally related groups were obtained with thetemperatures outliers, the group with higher enrichment score(0.95) it is in figure 2,f . It is possible to observe that the genesare very related with different phases of bee development andmorphogenesis .We owe special thanks to beekeepers from Spain and Portugal for their valuable help in obtainingsamples. Antonio Pajuelo provided the contacts of Spanish beekeepers. DNA extraction and SNPgenotyping were performed by Colette Abbey. Special thanks to Margarida Neto, Andreia Brandãoand Irene Muñoz for collaborating in the sampling. JC-G and DH are supported by Fundação paraa Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through the scholarships SFRH/BD/68682/2010 andSFRH/BD/84195/2012, respectively. This research was funded by FCT and COMPETE/QREN/EUthrough the project PTDC/BIA-BEC/099640/2008 and BiodivERsA-FACCE2014-91.Figure 1: Map representing the distribution of  precipitation in July (a) and December (b) and temperature in July (c ) and December (d). The circles in different colors represent the two groups used to perform the analysis. The red spots are the samples position of the  individuals used in this study.a) b)c) d)PrecipitationTemperaturea bd eFigure 2: Distribution of pairwise FST at all SNPs along the genome for the precipitation (a) and temperature(d). The red plots represent SNPs with a FST higher than 0.60. The distribution of the SNP outliers in different categories (b,e). Introns : SNPs located in introns at more than 1000pb  from a gene; Introns_near: SNPS located at less than 1000pb from a gene; Syn:synonymous; Non_Syn: Non synonymous; Intergenic: SNPS located in intergenic region at more than 1000pb  from a gene; Interg_near: SNPS located at less than 1000pb  from a gene. In d is represent a table with functinally related groups for  precipitation ( c) and temperature (f).cfConclusionThese results confirm the influence of environmental variablesin the local adaptation of Iberian honey bee. Precipitation wasassociated a genes related to detoxidication mechanisms andmembrane transports. It is known that temperature is importantin the life cycle of insects, and this study confirm that, sincetemperature is associated with several genes related todevelopment and morphogenesis.

Searching for signatures of selection in Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) using whole genome sequences

Congress Program & Informationunil.ch/eseb2015@eseb2015#eseb15August 10 - 14, 2015Lausanne, SwitzerlandDépartement d'écologieet évolutionSexual selection is considered as a potent evolutionary force that has been shown to vary in strength and direction depending on demographic factors such as density and sex ratio. However, the effect of other environmental factors on the mode of sexual selection remains largely unexplored. Here we tested experimentally how food restriction affects the potential for sexual selection in the male and female sex function of the simultaneously hermaphroditic freshwater snail Physa acuta. We manipulated food availability and compared Bateman’s metrics of sexual selection between groups of five well-fed and five food-restricted snails. Our results indicate that food-restricted snails had a reduced female reproductive output suggesting that we successfully manipulated the reproductive resources. Importantly, food restriction reduced the male opportunity for sexual selection (in terms of a lowered variance in male mating success) and lead to diminishing returns of mating in both sexes (in terms of non-significant Bateman gradients). Furthermore, we observed significant changes in the relative contribution of different fitness components suggesting stronger post-copulatory selection in the male and stronger fecundity selection in the female sex role under restricted food conditions. This study highlights the need to incorporate ecological factors to better understand how sexual selection operates in the wild. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Poster session A - POL 300 Searching for signatures of selection in Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) using whole genome sequences (52236) Dora Sofia Martins Henriques, Andreas Wallberg, Chavéz-Galarza Julio, Costa F., Rufino José, Webster Mathew, Pinto M.Alice. Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University; Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Campus de Gualtar. The Iberian Peninsula comprises a diverse set of habitats. It was an important glacial refugium during the Pleistocene and has served as a bridge for populations migrating between Africa and Europe, resulting in a complex mix of ancestry and diversity. The Iberian honey bee (A. m. iberiensis) is no exception and has been the subject of numerous incongruent population genetic surveys. Recent mtDNA and SNP analyses indicate a steep northeastern-southwestern cline of African ancestry along the peninsula, which has been explained by selection.  Advances in DNA sequencing technology and computational tools provide unprecedented opportunities to study demography, search for signatures of selection across the genome and illuminate its role in shaping genomic diversity. We used Illumina technology to sequence the whole genomes of 86 Iberian honeybees, collected across three longitudinal transects in the Iberian Peninsula and spanning semi-arid climates in the southeastern peninsula to oceanic in the North-West. The dataset was first analyzed for FST-outliers, CLR (composite-likelihood ratio) and EHH (Extended Haplotype Homozygosity) methods were further deployed to evaluate polymorphisms implicated in local adaptation and possibly in the response to human-mediated environmental changes, including known and novel variants in genes related to behavior, vision, xenobiotic detoxification and immune response.  252

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Searching for signatures of selection in Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) using whole genome sequences

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