Ferret Balanyà, Martí

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Facultat de Biociències

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TANNINS Present in trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. They are a heterogeneous group of phenolic compounds with high molecular weight which are able to bind proteins, polysaccharides, alkaloids, nucleic acids and some minerals HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS (HT) Formed by carbonilic core (D-glucose) linked to phenolic groups such as Gallic or Ellagic acid . These compounds metabolized by Eubacterium oxidoreducens, Streptococcus bovis, Syntrophococcus sucrommutans and Coprococcus spp form pyrogallol, which is toxic for herbivores  CONDENSED TANNINS (CT) Non-branched polymers of flavonoids such as 3- flavanols (catechin or epicatechin), precursors of procyanidins and epigalocatecina, which can condense to form prodelfinidinas Affecting  PATHOGEN The CT damage external tissues such as the cuticle and hypodermis, and internal tissues like the microvili in intestinal tissue  HERBIVORES High concentrations of CT reduce voluntary feed intake in animals, explained by three factors: decreased taste, slowing digestion and conditioned aversion. Moderate concentrations of CT increase protein absorption in abomasum due to a decrease in ruminal degradation PATHOLOGY OF NEMATODES IN HERBIVORES  Reduction of food intake, absorption and retention of minerals (especially phosphorus), causing significant losses in protein absorption and hormonal changes that disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system Is there a plausible alternative to common anthelmintics, which are becoming less effective to fight against parasites? HYPOTHESIS Tannins have suppression effects on parasites in herbivores INTRODUCTION Secondary metabolites perform non-essential functions but they can promote adaptation to unfavourable environments and under stressful conditions, such as high temperatures, light or water stress and poor soil quality, which regulate the phenological development of the plant, thus increasing the synthesis of tannins CONCLUSIONS CT#are#a#useful#poten/al#alterna've#anthelmin'c#in#herbivores#considering##the#recent#appearance#of#resistance#to#conven/onal#anthelmin/cs.##Animals#treated#with#condensed#tannins#reduce#the#popula'on#of#nematodes#and#their#reproduc'on.#This#eﬀect#is#produced#by#ac/ng#on#the#cu'cle#and#hypodermis3larvae,#as#well#as#the#eﬀect#on#microvilli,#causing#intes/nal#damage#in#these#parasites.     TANNINS:     AN ANTHELMINTIC ALTERNATIVE FOR HERBIVORES   OHCoASO 4-hidroxicinamoil-CoA3 x malonil-COAOHSCoAOOOOOHOOHHOOHOHOOOHHOreacció de claisennaringenine-chalconenaringerina (flavonona)atac nucleofílicde tipus Michelruta de l'acetatOHOOOHHOnaringerina (flavonona)OHOOOHHOOHdihidrokaempferolOHOOHOHHOOHleucopelargonidinaOHOOHHOOHcatequina2-oxoglutaratNADPHNADPH#MARTÍ#FERRET#BALANYÀ ## ##BIOCHEMISTRY##2012O2016 # ######Universitat#Autònoma#de#Barcelona## # # # # # # # ######Tutor:#Josep#Allué#Creus##Underfed Hereford cow Light microscopy of A. suum larvae (Williams et al., 2014). Ultrastructural changes in Ascaris suum L4 exposed to condensed tannins (B and D) (Williams et al., 2014) Mixed shikimic and acetate metabolic pathways to form catechin SELF-MEDICATION OF HERBIVORES  Herbivores show self-medication prophylactic and therapeutic behaviours. There are some studies by Lisonbee et al. (2009) or Villalba et al., (2014) demonstrating these behaviours in goats, sheep and cows SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Villalba, J. J., Miller, J., Ungar, E. D., Landau, S. Y., & Glendinning, J. (2014). Ruminant self-medication against gastrointestinal nematodes: Evidence, mechanisms, and origins. Forschende Komplementarmedizin, 22(4), 261. Lisonbee, L. D., Villalba, J. J., Provenza, F. D., & Hall, J. O. (2009). Tannins and self-medication: Implications for sustainable parasite control in herbivores. Behavioural Processes, 82(2), 184–189.  Williams, A. R., Fryganas, C., Ramsay, A., Mueller-Harvey, I., & Thamsborg, S. M. (2014). Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins from diverse plant sources against Ascaris suum. PLOS ONE, 9(5), 16pp.  

Tannins : an anthelmintic alternative for herbivores

https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tfg/2016/165528/TFG_martiferretbalanya.pdf

Tannins : an anthelmintic alternative for herbivores

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