García-Talavera González, Laura

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Facultat de Veterinària

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OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HUMAN AND VETERINARIAN MEDICINE: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND BIOMARKERSGARCÍA-TALAVERA GONZÁLEZ, LAURAGRAU DE VETERINÀRIA CURS 2014-2015INTRODUCTION:Oxidative stress (OE) is a biological process, consequence of animbalance between radical oxygen species (ROS) production andantioxidant function in living organisms.That imbalance is due to an overproduction of ROS and adeficiency of antioxidants (AOX) on the other side.OE plays a dual role as deleterious and beneficial substances.ROS:Free radicals are molecules which contain one or more unpairedelectrons in atomic or molecular orbitals. This unpaired electrongives a considerable degree of reactivity to the particle and makethe molecule electrochemically unstable. The accumulation of ROSdisturbs the redox balance of the cells the ability of transferelectrons between molecules (oxidation-reduction).ROS Symbol CharacteristicsSuperoxide O2-• It generates most of ROS. Good reductant, bad oxidant.Hydroxil HO• The most powerful oxidant in biological systems.Singlet oxygen 1O2 Molecularly excited oxygen through sunlight and radiation. Highly oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 It originate very reactive ROS when it reacts with transition metals. PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS:A great number of physiological functions are controlled by redox-responsivesignaling pathways in cell growth and their differentiation.The function of macrophages and other inflammation cells is based on theirstimulation with elevated amounts of ROS and tyrosine kinases activation.Ageing is characterized by senescence and apoptosis processes in cellswhich are activated by increasing of ROS levels.PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS:Experimental study: Oxidative stress assessment in swine farms by determination of GPX and SOD (biomarkers of OE) OBJECTIVES:The aims of this study were to see the different effects ofmanagement conditions in a swine farm (good/bad conditions)based on biochemical parameters of GPX (glutathione peroxidase)and SOD (superoxide dismutase) which are AOX that increase inpresence of OE biomarkers of oxidative stress.MATERIAL AND METHODS:For this study they were needed 44 pigs distributed equally in 4 corrals (A,B,C,D)Corrals A and B were in good management conditions while C and D were worse.We obtained blood samples for the animals in 4 different days (the last day wasdone before their sacrifice). The resultant serum of blood centrifugation wasanalyzed with Ransod and Ransel kits and interpreted with spectrophotometry.RESULTS: Results are exposed graphically with the medium and standard deviation (sd) of each group (A-B, C-D).  We used T-test to compare the dates and determine if there where statistically significant differences between groups with an interval confidence of 95% (p valor>0,05). The dates are  considered to be in a range of normality.CONCLUSIONS OF STUDY-GPX didn’t have significant big differences between animals in good or bad conditions but it was quite enough to determine them significant. Levels ofGPX increased along the days until the day of sacrifice where the levels were the highest. So GPX as antioxidant is increased in stressed situations. Theday of sacrifice there weren’t significant differences among animals AB or CD probably because the stress of transport and sacrifice hide that differences.-There weren’t significant differences in any moment between groups for SOD. But their levels augmented specially in the day of sacrifice so stress ofthis situation increased levels of SOD so the rise is more evident in last days (it activity appears lately comparing with GPX).FINAL CONCLUSIONS:It exists a big discussion about whether OE is the cause or the consequence in the pathophysiological processes. And the conclusion is that in some diseases is clear their role as trigger of the process (Ex: Cancer) while in other cases still unclear. Thereby more studies in determinant pathologies are needed to establish clearly the role of OE in the processes.  An improved study of OE will allow the discovery of new therapeutic targets to create new treatments. 010002000300040005000600070008000900020/05/2015 17/06/2015 15/07/2015 sacrifice 21/07/2015GPX levelsDaysGPX Values (U/mL) A+B Corrals  C+D  CorralsComparison AB -CD (GPX)DAY P value20/05/2015 0,11746629917/06/2015 0,0004240315/07/2015 0,010128221Sacrifice21/07/20150,2156556650,000,501,001,502,002,503,0020/05/2015 17/06/2015 15/07/2015 sacrifice 21/07/2015SOD levels DaysSOD Values (U/mL)A+B Corrals C+D CorralsComparison AB -CD (SOD)DAY P value20/05/2015 0,4664164117/06/2015 0,39057480115/07/2015 0,141457681sacrifice21/07/20150,425319693GPXComparison between days in the same groupDAYS P value AB           P value CD20-5/17-6 0,053 1,30X10-517-6/15-7 7,93X10-14 1,67X10-1215-7/sacrifice5,11X10-8 3,35X10-520-5/sacrifice1,35X10-13 5,17X10-13SODComparison between days in the same groupDAYS P value AB P value CD20-5/17-6 0,23 0,2617-6/15-7 0,38 0,3615-7/sacrifice9,02X10-14 3,23X10-1220-5/sacrifice1,29X10-13 1,53X10-12DataSOD (U/mL) A+B Corrals C+D Corrals sd A+B sd C+D20/05/2015 0,32 0,32 0,24 0,1617/06/2015 0,27 0,29 0,20 0,1915/07/2015 0,26 0,30 0,13 0,17sacrifice 21/07/2015 2,24 2,21 0,57 0,65DataGPX (U/mL)A+B Corrals C+D  Corrals sd A+B sd C+D20/05/2015 3582 3818,363636 757,1314285 547,515648417/06/2015 3745,045455 4463,863636 593,2794634 700,05212715/07/2015 5396,181818 6088,227273 887,2589484 976,5803764sacrifice 21/07/2015 7021,045455 7367,636364 1315,471253 1342,076662Overproduction of ROS Deficiency of AOXCells with OEOxidative damage in DNA, proteins and lipidsAlteration of cell function Controlled cell death (apoptosis)Uncontrolled cell death (necrosis)Tissue damageMalignantcell developmentCancerCardiovascular diseasesDiabetes MellitusNeurodegenerative diseasesChronical inflammation diseases

Oxidative stress in human and veterinarian medicine: causes, consequences and biomarkers

http://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tfg/2014/141247/TFG_lgarcia-talaveragonzalez_poster.pdf

Oxidative stress in human and veterinarian medicine: causes, consequences and biomarkers

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