and cross-tolerance to neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis user

A Ameri

A Liguori

A Perkonigg

A Vermeeren

A Wright

AJ Siemens

BL Hungund

CJ O'Kane

CL Hart

CT Lamers

DA Eldreth

DC D'Souza

DF Marks

Eef L. Theunissen

G Kanayama

GD Logan

Gerhold Kauert

GF Kauert

GL Sprague

H Moskowitz

H Wit de

HV Curran

JG Ramaekers

Johannes G. Ramaekers

K Chen

KP Kuypers

L Iversen

LM Newman

M Pistis

Manfred R. Moeller

Marjolein de Brouwer

MT Fillmore

RA Sewell

RT Jones

S Casswell

S Gonzalez

S Ortiz

SJ Heishman

Stefan W. Toennes

SW Toennes

T Schulte

T Shallice

English

PubMed

INTRODUCTION: Previous research has shown that heavy cannabis users develop tolerance to the impairing effects of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on neurocognitive functions. Animal studies suggest that chronic cannabis consumption may also produce cross-tolerance for the impairing effects of alcohol, but supportive data in humans is scarce. PURPOSE: The present study was designed to assess tolerance and cross-tolerance to the neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis users. METHODS: Twenty-one heavy cannabis users participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way study. Subjects underwent three alcohol-dosing conditions that were designed to achieve a steady blood alcohol concentration of about 0, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/ml during a 5-h time window. In addition, subjects smoked a THC cigarette (400 mug/kg) at 3 h post-onset of alcohol dosing during every alcohol condition. Performance tests were conducted repeatedly between 0 and 7 h after onset of drinking and included measures of perceptual motor control (critical tracking task), dual task processing (divided-attention task), motor inhibition (stop-signal task), and cognition (Tower of London). RESULTS: Alcohol significantly impaired critical tracking, divided attention, and stop-signal performance. THC generally did not affect task performance. However, combined effects of THC and alcohol on divided attention were bigger than those by alcohol alone. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the present study generally confirms that heavy cannabis users develop tolerance to the impairing effects of THC on neurocognitive task performance. Yet, heavy cannabis users did not develop cross-tolerance to the impairing effects of alcohol, and the presence of the latter even selectively potentiated THC effects on measures of divided attention

Ramaekers, J.G.

Theunissen, E.L.

de Brouwer, M.

Toennes, S.W.

Moeller, M.R.

Kauert, G.

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Tolerance and cross-tolerance to neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis users

Maastricht University Research Portal

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The effects of cannabinoids on the brain. Prog Neurobiol 58:315–348 Casswell S, Marks D

Theory and experiments with a first- order divergent controlled element. NASA CR-616. NASA Contract Rep NASA CR:

Tolerance and cross-tolerance to neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis users

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