Article on environmental and genetic preconditioning for long-term anoxia responses requires AMPK in Caenorhabditis elegans

A McBride

A Sendoel

AF Cooper

AL Fuson

Anne Hart

AR Mendenhall

B Onken

BA Scott

Bobby L. LaRue

C Kenyon

C Shen

CE Murry

D Gems

D Liu

DG Hardie

DL Miller

EG Beale

EL Greer

ER Hudson

G Pignataro

G Polekhina

G Zhou

GG Haddad

GL Semenza

H Hsin

H Lee

HN Frazier 3rd

J Apfeld

J Hyvarinen

JA Hanover

JA Powell-Coffman

JE Podrabsky

JE Sulston

JM Gray

K Chan

KK Brooks

L Timmons

LA Witters

LL Anderson

M Hermes-Lima

M Kaeberlein

MA Paiva

MD Menger

ME Forsythe

ME Mabon

MW Budde

N Arantes-Oliveira

P Narbonne

PA Padilla

Pamela A. Padilla

PH O'Farrell

PL Lutz

PN Marshall

PW Hochachka

R Curtis

R Danovaro

RS Kamath

SB Kanatous

SH Panowski

SK Powers

T Ravingerova

V Menuz

VA Hajeri

X Yang

Y Zhang

Z Shao

PLoS ONE

English

PubMed

Preconditioning environments or therapeutics, to suppress the cellular damage associated with severe oxygen deprivation, is of interest to our understanding of diseases associated with oxygen deprivation. Wildtype C. elegans exposed to anoxia enter into a state of suspended animation in which energy-requiring processes reversibly arrest. C. elegans at all developmental stages survive 24-hours of anoxia exposure however, the ability of adult hermaphrodites to survive three days of anoxia significantly decreases. Mutations in the insulin-like signaling receptor (daf-2) and LIN-12/Notch (glp-1) lead to an enhanced long-term anoxia survival phenotype.In this study we show that the combined growth environment of 25°C and a diet of HT115 E. coli will precondition adult hermaphrodites to survive long-term anoxia; many of these survivors have normal movement after anoxia treatment. Animals fed the drug metformin, which induces a dietary-restriction like state in animals and activates AMPK in mammalian cell culture, have a higher survival rate when exposed to long-term anoxia. Mutations in genes encoding components of AMPK (aak-2, aakb-1, aakb-2, aakg-2) suppress the environmentally and genetically induced long-term anoxia survival phenotype. We further determine that there is a correlation between the animals that survive long-term anoxia and increased levels of carminic acid staining, which is a fluorescent dye that incorporates in with carbohydrates such as glycogen.We conclude that small changes in growth conditions such as increased temperature and food source can influence the physiology of the animal thus affecting the responses to stress such as anoxia. Furthermore, this supports the idea that metformin should be further investigated as a therapeutic tool for treatment of oxygen-deprived tissues. Finally, the capacity for an animal to survive long bouts of severe oxygen deprivation is likely dependent on specific subunits of the heterotrimeric protein AMPK and energy stores such as carbohydrates

Bobby L LaRue

Pamela A Padilla

Directory of Open Access Journals

Environmental and genetic preconditioning for long-term anoxia responses requires AMPK in Caenorhabditis elegans.

LaRue, Bobby L.

Padilla, Pamela A.

UNT (University of North Texas) Digital Library

Environmental and Genetic Preconditioning for Long-Term Anoxia Responses Requires AMPK in Caenorhabditis elegans

) lead to an enhanced long-term anoxia survival phenotype.) suppress the environmentally and genetically induced long-term anoxia survival phenotype. We further determine that there is a correlation between the animals that survive long-term anoxia and increased levels of carminic acid staining, which is a fluorescent dye that incorporates in with carbohydrates such as glycogen.We conclude that small changes in growth conditions such as increased temperature and food source can influence the physiology of the animal thus affecting the responses to stress such as anoxia. Furthermore, this supports the idea that metformin should be further investigated as a therapeutic tool for treatment of oxygen-deprived tissues. Finally, the capacity for an animal to survive long bouts of severe oxygen deprivation is likely dependent on specific subunits of the heterotrimeric protein AMPK and energy stores such as carbohydrates

LaRue Bobby L.

Padilla Pamela A.

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Crossref

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Environmental and Genetic Preconditioning for Long-Term Anoxia Responses Requires AMPK in Caenorhabditis elegans

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