The title compound, [Li(C5H4N3O2)(H2O)]n, is composed of centrosymmetric dinuclear units, in which the LiI ions are bridged by two carboxylate O atoms donated by two ligands. The dinuclear unit is nearly planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0125 (2) Å]. The LiI ion is coordinated by an N,O-chelating ligand, a bridging carboxylate O atom from another ligand and two bridging water O atoms in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The water O atoms bridge the dinuclear units into a polymeric molecular column along [010]. The columns are held together by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. An intramolecular N—H⋯O interaction also occurs