Bolton, J Stuart

Fatima, Shahb

English

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Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsPublications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories School of Mechanical Engineering8-2015Effect of Orientation of Fibers on the AcousticalProperties of a Natural MaterialJ Stuart BoltonPurdue University, bolton@purdue.eduShahb Fatimafatimas@purdue.eduFollow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/herrickThis document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact epubs@purdue.edu foradditional information.Bolton, J Stuart and Fatima, Shahb, "Effect of Orientation of Fibers on the Acoustical Properties of a Natural Material" (2015).Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories. Paper 110.http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/herrick/110S. Fatima and J. Stuart Bolton Ray W. Herrick Laboratories,School of Mechanical Engineering,Purdue UniversityEffect of Orientation of Fibers on the Acoustical Properties of a Natural MaterialOutline of Presentation• Introduction• Objectives• Experimental Setup and Details• Results• Conclusions• Past Related Research and Major Contributions• Future Prospects• Acknowledgements2Introduction• Environmental noise disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life.• Most noise worldwide is due to vehicle, aircraft, rail, industry and indoormachinery.• Due to increasing concerns over the problems of climate change and globalwarming, there has been an increased impetus for cleaner and greenertechnologies.Sisal Coir Flax HempGreen Materials:3• Jute is a lignin-cellulose fibre which is composed primarily of the plant materials. cellulose (major component of plant fibre) and  lignin (major components wood fibre). • It falls into one of the bast fibre categories (fibre collected from bastor skin of the plant).• It is specifically cultivated in large quantities in the eastern part of India and in Bangladesh.Jute: Natural Acoustical Material4Raw Jute to Fabricated Jute Derivatives Jute Plant Jute Fibre Jute Strand Jute DerivativesJute Fiber Treated Jute FeltJute Felt Jute CompositeA. R. Mohanty and S. Fatima, "Biocomposites for Industrial Noise Control" in the book "Biocomposites: Fundamentals to Industrial Applications" Editors V. K. Thakur and M. Kessler, CRC Press (ISBN: 9781771880329) 2014.5SEM images of jute felt (a) under 129 x magnification (b) under 1000 x magnificationView of jute felt67Key Selection AttributesNatural, Eco-friendly, Biodegradable, Cost Effective, Self-Extinguishing Possible Applications Building Acoustics, Automobiles, Home Appliances, HVAC, Machinery Enclosure    Physical and Acoustical PropertiesExcellent Fire Retardant Properties, High NRC and STC Values for Sound Attenuation Why Jute?Motivation• Jute based materials have a very good potential in noise controllingapplications.• Such materials can also be engineered for good fire retardantproperties, structural strength and moisture proofing.• Jute based materials (fiber, felt and composites) can be successfullyused for noise control in household appliances like vacuum cleaner,domestic dryer, washing machine, dishwasher, and clothes dryer.89To explore the important physical properties of engineered natural materials for noise control and optimize them. Objectives10Flow Resistivity• The flow resistivity of the jute felt was measured using a MecanumSigma-Airflow resistance meter as per ASTM C 522-03.• The measured flow resistivity of 3 mm jute felt samples fell within therange of 20000 MKS Rayls/m to 27000 MKS Rayls/m.• The flow resistivity was measured only in the direction normal to thelayer surface.View of jute felt11Experimental Setup and Details121. Measure sound pressure2. Calculate and solve transfer matrix using 2 load methodsTransfer Matrix Method3. Obtain 11 12 21 2211 12 21 22( / )( / )aT T c cT TRT T c cT T      11 2111 21hT cTRT cT,13No. of layers of jute feltSample length ( m)Mass(kg)Density(kg/m3)1 0.06 0.0016 111.112 0.06 0.022 95.6424 0.12 0.38 82.6036 0.18 0.060 85.71Density and mass of stacked 6.25 cm x 6.25 cm jute felt.Orientation of Stack of Jute Felt in two Configurations.• Normal incidence• Grazing incidenceMeasured Sound Absorption Coefficient of Jute Felts in Both the Orientations-Anechoic Case.14a) 0.06m b) 0.12mc) 0.18mMeasured Transmission Loss of Jute Felts in Both the Orientations.15a) 0.06m b) 0.12mc) 0.18mMeasured NRC and STC of the Jute Felt Stacks-Anechoic Case.Samples Noise reduction coefficient (NRC)Sound transmission class (STC)[dB]Jute felt 0.06m,Normal0.89 6Jute felt 0.06m,Grazing0.94 3Jute felt 0.12m,Normal0.87 11Jute felt 0.12m,Grazing0.94 6Jute felt 0.18m,Normal0.88 16Jute felt 0.18m,Grazing0.95 91617Measured Sound Absorption Coefficient of Jute Felts in Both Termination-Normal Case.a) 0.06m b) 0.12mc) 0.18m18Measured Sound Absorption Coefficient of Jute Felts in Both Termination-Grazing Case.a) 0.06m b) 0.12mc) 0.18mMeasured Sound Absorption Coefficient of Jute Felts in Both the Orientations-Hard Case.19a) 0.06m b) 0.12mc) 0.18mMeasured NRC of the Jute Felt Stacks in Both Termination.20Samples Noise reduction coefficient (NRC),Anechoic backingNoise reduction coefficient (NRC),Hard backingJute felt 0.06m,Normal0.89 0.69Jute felt 0.06m,Grazing0.94 0.61Jute felt 0.12m,Normal0.87 0.88Jute felt 0.12m,Grazing0.94 0.88Jute felt 0.18m,Normal0.88 0.89Jute felt 0.18m,Grazing0.95 0.9421Conclusions• Jute and its derivatives in the form of chopped pieces, fibers, felts, yarns, textile and composite panels can be used in various noise control applications. • Jute felt composed of natural fibers is anisotropic and so the felt’s sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss differ for the case of grazing and normal incidence-significant in duct lining applications.• This study can help the analytical model developer to make appropriate acoustical models for studying the sound absorption and transmission loss of jute-like natural fiber materials.Noise Control of Domestic Appliances by Jute Based MaterialsPast Related Research and Major Contributions so Far.Measured properties of juteCharacteristics of jutePhysical propertiesFire retardant propertiesAcoustical propertiesPilot trials done on household appliancesVacuum cleanerDryer• S. Fatima and A. R. Mohanty, 2012, Home Appliance Noise Control – The Green Way, Journal of Noise and VibrationWorldwide,Vol 43(7), pp. 26-34.• S. Fatima and A. R. Mohanty, 2011, Acoustical and Fire-retardant Properties of Jute Composite Materials, AppliedAcoustics, Vol 72(2-3), pp. 108-114.• S. Fatima and A. R. Mohanty, 2009, Jute as an Eco-Friendly Noise Control Material – A Case Study, Journal of theAcoustical Society of India, Vol 36(1).22Future Prospects• It will open a new paradigm in eco-friendly materials for noise controlapplication.• Application of these materials will increase the market share and helpthe farmers cultivating such plants.• This research can be taken forward to use materials from bio-wasteand plant waste in making acoustical materials for noise control.23Acknowledgments• Schlumberger Foundation for funding Dr. Fatima• Taewook Yoo of the 3M Company for help with flow resistance measurements.• Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, for providing the materials to test.2425• S. Fatima and A. R. Mohanty, “Acoustical and Fire-retardant Properties of Jute Composite Materials,”Applied Acoustics, 72(2-3), pp. 108-114 (2011).• A. R. Mohanty and S. Fatima, Biocomposites for Industrial Noise Control in the book Biocomposites:Fundamentals to Industrial Applications, Editors V. K. Thakur and M. Kessler, CRC Press (ISBN:9781771880329) (2014).• A. R. Mohanty and S. Fatima, “Noise Control Using Green Materials,” S&V Sound and Vibration, AcousticsIssue, 13-15 (2015).• S. Fatima and A. R. Mohanty, “Home Appliance Noise Control – The Green Way,” Journal of Noise andVibration Worldwide, 43(7), pp. 26-34 (2012).• J. W. Kim, T. Yoo, J. S. Bolton and J. H. Alexander, “The Correlation of the Performance of the Duct LiningMaterials with their Normal Incidence Properties,” INTERNOISE, (2005).• J. W. Kim, J. S. Bolton and J. H. Alexander, “Effect of Lining Anisotropy on Sound Attenuation in LinedDucts,” NOISE-CON (2005).• Standard Test method for Measurement of Normal Incidence Sound Transmission of Acoustical MaterialBased on the Transfer matrix Method, ASTM E 2611-09.• B. H. Song and J. S. Bolton, “A Transfer- Matrix Approach for Estimating the Characteristic Impedance andWave Numbers of Limp and Rigid Porous Materials,” Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 107(3),pp.1131-52 (2000)• Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials, ASTM C522-03.Search for: Herrick epubsReferencesTHANK YOU!

Effect of Orientation of Fibers on the Acoustical Properties of a Natural Material

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Effect of Orientation of Fibers on the Acoustical Properties of a Natural Material

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