番木瓜扦插成活率與插穗內在因子及外界環境因子息息相關，因此本試驗以3個月大之’ML×PPI’番木瓜實生苗為採穗株，採取15-20公分插穗進行扦插。結果發現番木瓜插穗在不帶葉之情況下，仍然可以發根，但因碳水化合物含量低導致插穗不定根形成數較少。夏季發根最為容易僅需15-21天；春、秋季較夏季晚，約22-28天發根；冬季最難發根，需32-36天。插穗長度在3-12公分之間隨著插穗長度縮短，插穗發根率和成活率皆有降低之趨勢，然而較長之30公分插穗發根數較20公分插穗少，顯示過短之插穗自身營養或生長賀爾蒙缺乏導致插穗不易發根，而過長之插穗則因組織間營養競爭導致不定根形成數較少。且插穗長度較短時(10公分以下)，插穗腐爛率高達20%，但經純白鏈黴菌素處理後可有效降低插穗腐爛率，顯示純白鏈黴菌素處理可有效降低插穗腐爛率。4種殺菌劑處理效果以2000% 9.4%賽座滅處理對插穗不定根形成及生長效果最佳，3000x 50%達滅芬和800x純白鏈黴菌素次之，1000x 23%亞托敏處理則無顯著效果。IBA處理插穗可提早發根時間，4000 ppm和6000 ppm IBA處理之插穗皆顯著促進不定根形成，其中以6000 ppm處理效果最顯著。扦插溫度於25-35℃皆有不定根之形成，但在20℃低溫下插穗無法形成不定根，顯示20℃以下低溫導致番木瓜插穗無法形成不定根。在變溫試驗中35/30℃、30/25℃和25/20℃變溫處理之插穗分別於15、18和27天發根，經6000 ppm IBA處理後分別提前至9、12和15天發根，顯示IBA處理可克服低溫抑制插穗不定根之形成。
插穗自母體切離後，呼吸率顯著上升，之後逐漸下降， IBA處理和對照組呼吸率較高，因此葉片扦插第3天即落葉，1-MCP和乙烯處理之插穗呼吸率較低，因此遲至第5天才落葉，顯示插穗葉片百分比與插穗呼吸率成反比。插穗經乙稀、1-MCP或IBA處理後皆促進乙烯釋放率上升，1-MCP處理快速下降，但乙烯處理之插穗到第2天達高峰後緩慢下降，IBA處理則維持相當久之時間，對照組則無顯著增加。所有插穗於落葉前呼吸率皆顯著上升，因老葉產生大量ATP供轉運物質之需，且乙烯處理之插穗在處理3天後在莖基部的糖含量和澱粉量皆明顯地較1-MCP處理高，在不定根形成和生長皆較1-MCP處理佳。顯示乙烯處理使插穗有較高之光合同化物量，並使插穗基部保持高含量之碳水化合物，因而促進插穗不定根之形成。The papaya cutting survival rate was effect by internal factors and external environmental factors. Therefore, this experiment used from 15 to 20 cm of softwood cuttings, which were taken from 3-month-old ''ML × PPI'' papaya seedlings. Papaya cutting with leaves had higher formation of adventitious roots than non-leaf cutting. During summer, 15-20 cm of papaya cuttings only need 15-21 days for root formation. In spring and autumn was longer than summer about 7 days, and papaya cutting was difficult to rooting between 32 and 36 days in winter. Shorter cutting length between 3-12 cm had lower survival rate and root development. However, above 30 cm had less root than 20 cm cutting. Shorter cutting length (less than 10 cm) had high rot rate about 20%, but cutting treated with 800x Streptomyces can effectively reduce the rot rate. Cuttings were treated with 2000x 9.4% cyazofamid on adventitious root formation and growth of cuttings was better than 3000x 50% dimethomorph and 800x Streptomyces treatment. 1000x 23% azoxystrobin treatment was no effect. Cutting treated with 6000 ppm IBA on adventitious roots formation was better than 4000 ppm IBA treatment. 20 ℃ treatment of cuttings did not show adventitious root formation, compared with cutting treated at 25-35℃. In the variable temperature treatment, cutting were treated under 35/30℃, 30/25℃ and 25/20℃ showed root formation at 15, 18 and 27 days, respectively. When treated with 6000 ppm IBA rooting happened at 9, 12 and 15 days.
Cutting respiration rate increased significantly after cut from field-grown plants, and then gradually decreased. IBA treatment and control cutting’s leaves defoliate in the first three days, which 1-MCP and ethylene treatment in the first five days. All treatment respiration rate increased significantly before defoliation. Cuttings treated with ethylene, IBA, and 1-MCP of ethylene production rate increased after cutting. 1-MCP decline rapidly and maintained balance till 3th weeks, but ethylene treatment of cuttings achieve the peak after 2 days, and then gradually decreased maintained balance till 5th week. IBA treatment maintained high ethylene production rate for long days. Control cutting no significant increase after harvested. Cutting treated with Ethylene on leaf percentage are higher than the control group and IBA treatment, but only ethylene treatment and control group promoted adventitious root formation and development. Cutting treated with ethylene after 3 days had higher base of sugar and starch than 1-MCP treatment in the stem base.中文摘要…………………………………………….………….………………………..i
Summary……………………………………………………………………………….ii
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………….…..v
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………..…...vii
壹、前言…………………………………..……………………………………………1
貳、前人研究……………………………..……………………………………………2
一、番木瓜種苗繁殖技術簡介………………..…..……….………………………2
二、插穗不定根形成及存活因子...………….….....……...…………………….…4
三、插穗呼吸率及乙烯釋放率…………………...………..……………………..11
参、材料方法……………………………………………………………………13
一、番木瓜插穗長度以及外部處理對扦插成活率及不定根形成之影響….......13
二、1-MCP、乙烯和IBA處理對插穗呼吸率、乙烯釋放率和碳水化合物
含量之影響………………………………………………………………….15
肆、結果…………………………………………………………………………18
一、番木瓜插穗長度以及外部處理對扦插成活率及不定根形成之影響....…...18
(一) 除葉處理對插穗葉片百分比、葉片黃化率、發根率及成活率之影響……18
(二) 除葉處理對扦插期間插穗不定根生長之影響……………………….……18
(三) 插穗長度對插穗葉片百分比、葉片黃化率、發根率及成活率之影響.....…23
(四) 插穗長度對插穗不定根生長之影響…………………….…………………24
(五) 殺菌劑處理對插穗葉片數百分比、葉片黃化率、發根率及成活率
之影響……………………………………………………………….………36
(六) 殺菌劑處理對插穗不定根生長之影響…………….………………………36
(七) 純白鏈黴菌素處理較短插穗對插穗葉片百分比、葉片黃化率、發根
率及成活率之影響………………………….………………..….…….……41
(八) 純白鏈黴菌素處理較短插穗對插穗不定根生長之影響………………..41
(九) IBA處理對插穗葉片百分比、葉片黃化率、發根率及成活率之影響….....46
(十) IBA處理對插穗不定根生長之影響…………………………….………….46
(十一) 環境溫度（恆溫）對插穗葉片百分比、葉片黃化率、發根率及
成活率之影響…………………………………...........................…….…52
(十二) 環境溫度（恆溫）對扦插期間不定根生長之影響…………...………......52
(十三) 6000 ppm IBA及變溫處理對插穗葉片百分比、葉片黃化率、發根率
及成活率之影響……………….….….....................………………......57
(十四) 6000 ppm IBA及變溫處理對插穗不定根生長之影響…………58
(十五) 乙烯和1-MCP處理對插穗葉片百分比、葉片黃化率、發根率
及成活率之影響…………………………………………...………64
(十六) 乙烯和1-MCP處理對插穗不定根生長之影響……………...…...64
二、乙烯、1-MCP和IBA處理對插穗呼吸率、乙烯釋放率和碳水
化合物含量之影響……………………......………………………….69
(一) 乙烯、1-MCP處理對番木瓜插穗呼吸率和乙烯釋放率之影響.…69
(二) IBA處理對番木瓜插穗呼吸率和乙烯釋放率之影響……………...70
(三) 乙烯、1-MCP處理對番木瓜插穗碳水化合物運移之影響……….70
伍、討論………………………………………………………………...……….77
一、番木瓜插穗狀態及外部處理對番木瓜扦插成活率及不定根形成之影響......76
(一) 插穗葉片……………………………………………..…………….75
(二) 插穗長度……………………………………….……………….........75
(三) 插穗幼年性.………………………………………………………...76
(四) 季節………………………………………………………..……...77
(五) 環境溫度…………………………………………………………….77
(六) 生長素……………………………………………………………….78
(七) 乙烯……………………………………………………….…………79
二、乙烯、1-MCP和IBA處理對插穗呼吸率、乙烯釋放率和碳水
化合物含量之影響…………………………………..……………….80
陸、結論………………………………………………………………...……….82
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………….8
