Functional agrobiodiversity (FAB) uses orchard design and management to gain more natural enemies, making orchards more robust to pests. This CORE Organic Plus project aims to collect existing knowledge and generate new knowledge in order to use FAB successfully in orchards

Herz, Annette

Pfiffner, Lukas

Sigsgaard, Lene

Tchamitchian, Marc

Warlop, Francois

Vorstellung des Projektes "EcoOrchard" mit dem Freilandversuch in Deutschland

Matray, Silvia

Organic Eprints

Julius Kühn-Institut, Institut für Biologischen Pflanzenschutz Heinrichstr. 243, 64287 Darmstadt  www.jki.bund.de Zum Projekt:  Die Ziele von ECOORCHARD sind:  • Erhöhung der Biodiversität in ökologisch bewirtschafteten Obstanlagen • Förderung von natürlichen Gegenspielern gegen die Hauptschädlinge mit   Hilfe zusätzlicher floraler Ressourcen • Erprobung praxisnaher Maßnahmen, wie z.B. Blühstreifen in Fahrgassen • Erarbeitung eines praxisgerechten Systems zur Bewertung der    funktionellen Biodiversität • Erstellung eines Informationsportals zur funktionellen Biodiversität im    Obstbau (EBION - "European Biodiversity Orchard - Network)  Die Projektpartner sind: • Universitäten, Forschungsinstitutionen sowie Beratungseinrichtungen aus   neun EU-Ländern (Abb.1)  Die Förderung erfolgt durch:  • CoreOrganic Plus-Programm der EU • Dauer: drei Jahre (2015 - 2017)  Innovative design and management to boost functional biodiversity of organic orchards Silvia Mátray(1), Annette Herz(1), Lukas Pfiffner(2), Lene Sigsgaard(3)      Praxisversuche:  Der Versuchsbetrieb (Obstplantage Latz, Abb. 3): • Lage: Saarwellingen (Saarland)  • Ökologischer Obstanbau auf 17 ha seit > 15 Jahren • Biodiversität-Förderung durch Hecken, Nisthilfen für Vögel,   Sitzstangen für Raubvögel, Holzhaufen, Blühinseln und    Ankerpflanzen sowie Wildbienenmanagement  Entomologische Versuche:  Die Zielschädlinge sind:  • Mehlige Apfelblattlaus   (Dysaphis plantaginea, Abb. 4) • Apfelwickler   (Cydia pomonella, Abb. 5-6)   Die Blühstreifen-Versuche: • Ansaat der Streifen im Frühjahr 2015 auf vier Flächen in   den Fahrgassen • Saatgutmischung enthält über 30 mehrjährige,    ausdauernde und mehrmals mulchbare Kraut- und    Grasarten • 2015: kein optimaler Pflanzenauflauf aufgrund der    andauernden Trockenheit (Abb. 2)  Forschungsausblick: • Welche Wirkung haben die Blühstreifen-Pflanzen auf potentielle Nützlinge und Schädlinge? • Inwieweit sind die Blühstreifen-Pflanzen nutzbar und welche Nahrungsressourcen werden für Nützlinge benötigt?  • Weitere Versuche zur Nahrungsökologie und Ernährungsphysiologie insbesondere mit A. quadridentata Langfristig: Optimierung der Saatgutmischung   Die Zielnützlinge sind: • Blattlausantagonisten:    z.B. Vertreter der Syrphidae,    Coccinelidae und Chrysopidae     (Abb. 7-8) • Parasitoide von C. pomonella:    z.B. Ascogaster quadridentata    (Abb. 9)  Abb. 1: Beteiligte Länder an ECOORCHARD, Karte: ArcGIS Abb. 2: (Blüh-)streifen Abb. 3: Plantagenplan des Versuchsbetriebes mit eingezeichneten Versuchsblöcken, Karte: www.google.de/maps Abb. 5: Falter von Cydia  pomonella,  Abb. 4: Adulte Dysaphis plantaginea Abb. 9: Apfelwicklerparasitoid Ascogaster quadridentata Abb. 7: Eupeodes corollae Abb. 8: Coccinellidae-Larve Abb. 6: Larve von Cydia  pomonella  im  Apfel, Foto: H. Pfitzner Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms Ökologischer Landbau und andere Formen  nachhaltiger  Landwirtschaft. (Förderkennzeichen:2814OE005) http://coreorganicplus.org/research-projects/ecoorchard/ (1)Julius Kühn-Institut, Institut für Biologischen Pflanzenschutz, Darmstadt (2)Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, Schweiz, (3)Universität Kopenhagen, Dänemark 

Ecoorchard - Innovative design and management to boost functional biodiversity of organic orchards

  www.julius-kuehn.de Silvia.Matray@julius-kuehn.de  Innovative design and management to boost functional biodiversity of organic orchards Silvia Mátray(1), Annette Herz(1), Lukas Pfiffner(2), Lene Sigsgaard(3)      Fig. 1: Contributing countries, Map: ArcGIS Fig. 10: Larva of Chrysoperla carnea Fig. 9:  Larva of Coccinellidae   at work. Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms Ökologischer Landbau und andere Formen  nachhaltiger  Landwirtschaft. (Förderkennzeichen:2814OE005) (1) Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt (2) Research Institute of Organic  Agriculture, Switzerland, (3) University of Copenhagen, Denmark    Rosy apple aphid     (Dysaphis plantaginea)        Fig. 7: Cydia  pomonella, larva in      apple.  Fig. 11: Ascogaster quadridentata       on Daucus carota. Field trials Standardised field trials have been conducted in organic orchards in six participating countries by establishment of flower strips in inter-rows in 2015 (Figure 2).  The suitability of a particular flower mixture for promotion of beneficials is investigated. The flower strips:   The designed  EcoOrchard seed mixture contains more than       30 perennial herbs (20%) and grass (80%) species. The seeds       were obtained from regional provenance (Figure 3).    The selected plants offer shelter and food resources for beneficials. Fig. 2: Experimental  design of the flower strip trials at the german experimental site.  © H. Pfitzner © A. Herz Fig. 3:  Flower strips © J. Latz © S. Matray www.google.de/maps  Fig. 6: Cydia  pomonella Fig. 5:  D. plantaginea damage on leaves and apples.  Aphid antagonists:  •Syrphidae  •Coccinelidae •Anthocoridae •Chrysopidae  parasitoids of   C. pomonella  general predators Fig. 8:  Episyrphus balteatus on Medicago lupulina. Fig. 4:  Dysaphis plantaginea © A. Herz © A. Herz © S. Feiertag © S. Feiertag Additional research activities Studies on effects of the flowering plants from the seed mixture on main pests and beneficials as well as their requirements for food resources, particularly nectar and pollen.  Optimization of seed mixture Project introduction  The main aims of EcoOrchard are:     To assess and increase knowledge on functional biodiversity of organic orchards.     To prove methods for promotion of natural enemies of key apple pests in common  field trials.     To develop easy tools for farmers to assess functional agro-biodiversity in their  orchards.     To create a web-based platform to share information on functional biodiversity in                  pome fruit production (EBIO-Network). The project partners are: Universities, research institutes, advisory services and collaborating farmers of nine European countries (Figure 1). This project is funded by the COREorganic Plus Program of the EU and national funding bodies for three years (2015 - 2017).   Codling moth      (Cydia pomonella)        The key beneficials are: The key apple pests are: © S. Feiertag http://coreorganicplus.org/research-projects/ecoorchard 

English

EcoOrchard.Innovative design and management to boost functional biodiversity of organic orchards

  www.julius-kuehn.de Silvia.Matray@julius-kuehn.de  Innovative design and management to boost functional biodiversity of organic orchards Silvia Mátray(1), Annette Herz(1), Lukas Pfiffner(2), Lene Sigsgaard(3)      Fig. 1: Contributing countries, Map: ArcGIS Fig. 10: Larva of Chrysoperla carnea Fig. 9:  Larva of Coccinellidae   at work. Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms Ökologischer Landbau und andere Formen  nachhaltiger  Landwirtschaft. (Förderkennzeichen:2814OE005) (1) Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt (2) Research Institute of Organic  Agriculture, Switzerland, (3) University of Copenhagen, Denmark    Rosy apple aphid     (Dysaphis plantaginea)        Fig. 7: Cydia  pomonella, larva in      apple.  Fig. 11: Ascogaster quadridentata       on Daucus carota. Field trials Standardised field trials have been conducted in organic orchards in six participating countries by establishment of flower strips in inter-rows in 2015 (Figure 2).  The suitability of a particular flower mixture for promotion of beneficials is investigated. The flower strips:   The designed  EcoOrchard seed mixture contains more than       30 perennial herbs (20%) and grass (80%) species. The seeds       were obtained from regional provenance (Figure 3).    The selected plants offer shelter and food resources for beneficials. Fig. 2: Experimental  design of the flower strip trials at the german experimental site.  © H. Pfitzner © A. Herz Fig. 3:  Flower strips © J. Latz © S. Matray www.google.de/maps  Fig. 6: Cydia  pomonella Fig. 5:  D. plantaginea damage on leaves and apples.  Aphid antagonists:  •Syrphidae  •Coccinelidae •Anthocoridae •Chrysopidae  parasitoids of   C. pomonella  general predators Fig. 8:  Episyrphus baleatus on Medicago lulupina. Fig. 4:  Dysaphis plantaginea © A. Herz © A. Herz © S. Feiertag © S. Feiertag Additional research activities Studies on effects of the flowering plants from the seed mixture on main pests and beneficials as well as their requirements for food resources, particularly nectar and pollen.  Optimization of seed mixture Project introduction  The main aims of EcoOrchard are:     To assess and increase knowledge on functional biodiversity of organic orchards.     To prove methods for promotion of natural enemies of key apple pests in common  field trials.     To develop easy tools for farmers to assess functional agro-biodiversity in their  orchards.     To create a web-based platform to share information on functional biodiversity in                  pome fruit production (EBIO-Network). The project partners are: Universities, research institutes, advisory services and collaborating farmers of nine European countries (Figure 1). This project is funded by the COREorganic Plus Program of the EU and national funding bodies for three years (2015 - 2017).   Codling moth      (Cydia pomonella)        The key beneficials are: The key apple pests are: © S. Feiertag http://coreorganicplus.org/research-projects/ecoorchard 

You are here: coreorganicplus.org » News » showLadybird larva in an aphidcolony2016.05.04 | LENE SIGSGAARDThe aim of EcoOrchard is to assess how far functionalagrobiodiversity (FAB) can reduce pest damage andpesticide use in organic apple orchards. The mainexpected outcomes of this project are to developinnovative and practical tools to design and manageorganic orchards. The focus is placed on the creationand management of flower strips in the alleyways.The resulting increase of FAB will consolidate theresilience of orchards. Methods will be developed inclose collaboration with growers, thus improving theprospects for successful on-farm implementation.The project investigations will take place in nine different countries in Europe andthe outcomes will be relevant for growers in the whole EU region.Photo 1: Flower strip between rows of apple trees. Photo: Lukas Pfiffner, FiBLPhoto 2: Spider in organic apple orchard. Photo: Lene Sigsgaard, UCPH Identifying promising techniques and toolsIn 2015, simple methods and protocols to assess FAB were identified with growersfor further testing by them in 2016. Sticking traps, visual observation of aphidnests, sentinel preys or cardboard traps have been used and compared in orchards.Trials conducted in 2015 in Latvia, Denmark and France found visual observationand sentinel preys to be the most interesting techniques, when considering boththe information produced and the time required to gather this information. A fielddemonstration has been documented on video by INRA team, in order to explainEcoOrchard - Innovative design and management to boost functional bio... http://coreorganicplus.org/currently/nyhed/artikel/ecoorchard-innovative...1 of 3 13-05-2016 14:33how to use these methods.In France, these simplified protocols will be compared to more stringent ones inorder to validate their scientific meaning. Farmers will also be asked for feedbackafter field use of the methods. The aim is to improve management of FAB whichconsistently enhances the performance of natural enemies, reduces pest pressureand is adapted to farmers’ implementation.Perennial flower strips to boost natural pest controlIn 2015, we established experimental sites in commercial organic orchards and onexperimental stations to assess a novel FAB system that can be adopted in existingorchards. This will be validated for both (i) its effect on pest control and reductionof crop loss and (ii) its practical feasibility across six European countries. Twodifferent seed mixtures and the proper management of the strips will be tested infield trials. The main goal is to maintain a high-quality food resource over years,benefitting natural enemies within the context of intensive farm practices inorchards. The project will collaborate with farmers and extension services to ensurethat techniques and measures promoting FAB match end-users’ needs andconstraints.Stakeholder network for knowledge exchangeA Europe-wide network of innovative stakeholders and a web-based stakeholderplatform called EBIO Network is almost ready to launch. This will deliverscientifically and technically proven information on how to establish and managefunctional agrobiodiversity in organic orchards. To reach this goal, comprehensiveliterature reviews are ongoing as well as the exploration of practical knowledge byconducting interviews with stakeholders and collecting practical information on howto implement FAB in the different participating European countries.Learning from a participatory approachComprehensive interviews have been conducted with growers and advisers in tencountries. A workshop on perception of FAB in research and practice was organizedduring the 17th Ecofruit Conference in February 2016. Participants were invited todiscuss the advantages and drawbacks of important FAB techniques (flower strips,hedgerows, animal introduction, wild bee houses, interrow mowing) which had beenmentioned in the European interview surveys by farmers and advisors.Besides, in 2016, several workshops will be held with different stakeholder groupsto exchange on how functional biodiversity works for the growers, and on howgrowers can observe it to adapt their practices. During the workshops, farmersdecide on which monitoring method seems suitable for them. In 2017 they willexchange again on their experience, discussing how manageable the monitoringmethod is and which FAB service they were able to assess. This process of learningfrom a participatory approach makes it possible to identify constraints that mayhamper the adoption of innovative tools and to solve these constraints by iterativere-evaluation.EcoOrchard team photo 2015. Photo: Baiba Ralle, LAAPC, LatviaEcoOrchard - Innovative design and management to boost functional bio... http://coreorganicplus.org/currently/nyhed/artikel/ecoorchard-innovative...2 of 3 13-05-2016 14:33Visit EcoOrchard's own project website or the project website on CORE COREOrganic PlusAuthorsLene Sigsgaard,University of Copenhagen, Denmarkles@plen.ku.dkhttp://plen.ku.dk/english/research/organismal_biology/applied_entomology/Co-authors:Annette Herz, JKI, Germany;Francois Warlop, GRAB, France;Lukas Pfiffner, FiBL, Switzerland;Marc Tchamitchien, INRA, France.Research newsTags: EcoOrchard, CORE Organic PlusEcoOrchard - Innovative design and management to boost functional bio... http://coreorganicplus.org/currently/nyhed/artikel/ecoorchard-innovative...3 of 3 13-05-2016 14:33

EcoOrchard -Innovative design and management to boost functional biodiversity of organic orchards

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EcoOrchard -Innovative design and management to boost functional biodiversity of organic orchards

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