Dimethylthiourea protects against chlorine induced changes in airway function in a murine model of irritant induced asthma

Abstract

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Exposure to chlorine (Cl₂) causes airway injury, characterized by oxidative damage, an influx of inflammatory cells and airway hyperresponsiveness. We hypothesized that Cl₂-induced airway injury may be attenuated by antioxidant treatment, even after the initial injury.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Balb/C mice were exposed to Cl₂gas (100 ppm) for 5 mins, an exposure that was established to alter airway function with minimal histological disruption of the epithelium. Twenty-four hours after exposure to Cl₂, airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine (MCh) was measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to determine inflammatory cell profiles, total protein, and glutathione levels. Dimethylthiourea (DMTU;100 mg/kg) was administered one hour before or one hour following Cl₂exposure.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mice exposed to Cl₂had airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh compared to control animals pre-treated and post-treated with DMTU. Total cell counts in BAL fluid were elevated by Cl₂exposure and were not affected by DMTU treatment. However, DMTU-treated mice had lower protein levels in the BAL than the Cl₂-only treated animals. 4-Hydroxynonenal analysis showed that DMTU given pre- or post-Cl₂prevented lipid peroxidation in the lung. Following Cl₂exposure glutathione (GSH) was elevated immediately following exposure both in BAL cells and in fluid and this change was prevented by DMTU. GSSG was depleted in Cl₂exposed mice at later time points. However, the GSH/GSSG ratio remained high in chlorine exposed mice, an effect attenuated by DMTU.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data show that the anti-oxidant DMTU is effective in attenuating Cl₂induced increase in airway responsiveness, inflammation and biomarkers of oxidative stress.</p