This study focuses on broadcast communication in consideration of the refuge direction, pays its attention to direction selection in refuge early stages, and confirms experimentally influences, which broadcast has on refuge. Contents of broadcast consisted of “information without specific directions of refuge direction” and “information with specific directions of refuge direction”. Based on results of the experiments, following things became clear. Residents have an appropriate tendency to take refuge, when broadcasting contents included “information in considering of clue in decision on refuge direction”.
Properly refuge was greatly related to easy to walk, safety in street environment, and good view from crease bend point. When sign guidance and route guidance interlock, it is easy to take refuge.
From the above knowledge, this study clarified that “information in considering of clue in decision on refuge direction” is taken disaster prevention broadcasting into consideration on initial refuge.Eje 1: Dilemas del desarrollo socio-territorial y la planificación urbano-regional frente a los retos de la sustentabilidad.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Kumazawa, Takayuki

SEDICI - Repositorio de la UNLP

| 59
EFFECTS OF DISASTER PREVENTION BROADCASTING FOR 
TSUNAMI ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR ON INITIAL REFUGE
Takayuki Kumazawa I kuma@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
Ibaraki University
ABSTRACT
This study focuses on broadcast communication 
in consideration of the refuge direction, pays its 
attention to direction selection in refuge early 
stages, and confirms experimentally influences, 
which broadcast has on refuge.  Contents of 
broadcast consisted of “information without 
specific directions of refuge direction” and 
“information with specific directions of refuge 
direction”. Based on results of the experiments, 
following things became clear.  Residents have 
an appropriate tendency to take refuge, when 
broadcasting contents included “information in 
considering of clue in decision on refuge direction”. 
Properly refuge was greatly related to easy to 
walk, safety in street environment, and good view 
from crease bend point.  When sign guidance and 
route guidance interlock, it is easy to take refuge. 
From the above knowledge, this study clarified 
that “information in considering of clue in decision 
on refuge direction” is taken disaster prevention 
broadcasting into consideration on initial refuge. 
KEY WORDS: DISASTER PREVENTION, TSUNAMI, 
BROADCASTING FOR TSUNAMI, HUMAN 
BEHAVIOR, INITIAL REFUGE.
 
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INTRODUCTION
When a tsunami occurred in an East Japan great 
earthquake, residents evacuated after hearing 
an imperative sentence “take refuge in heights 
immediately” by disaster broadcasting in Oarai-
city, Ibaraki.  Although 4-m tsunami attacked to 
Oarai-city, there were nobody killed in tsunami. 
Reason is considered that contents of broadcast 
urged refuge strongly.  On the other hand, current 
broadcast communication has been transmitted 
with the sound.  In future, broadcast will be 
digitized and it will become possible to develop 
various methods.  
This study focuses on broadcast communication 
in consideration of the refuge direction, pays its 
attention to direction selection in refuge early 
stages, and confirms experimentally influences, 
which broadcast has on refuge.  Contents of 
broadcast consisted of “information without specific 
directions of refuge direction” and “information 
with specific directions of refuge direction”.  
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Although information which experimenter gave 
to participants is different, how to collect human 
evaluations and gaze places of course are based 
on same experimental methods.  The participants 
equipped wearable camera to eyeball and 
measured gaze place by animation photography. 
At all bend point, participants evaluated based 
on five steps of measures “easy – hard to walk” 
“safety-danger” and “good – bad view”.  
In an experiment 1, an experimenter gave participants 
“information without directions of refuge direction” and 
made participants evacuate.  At first, the participants 
listened to a siren, which informed residents of 
earthquake occurrence and broadcasting contents 
from head phone and participants evacuated.
In an experiment 2, the experimenter gave the 
participants the intelligible information to go to 
evacuation shelter.  After the experimenter displayed 
a route to shelter on a map, a sign to a shelter was 
built on the street.
Based on results of the experiments, following 
things became clear.  Residents have an 
appropriate tendency to take refuge, when 
broadcasting contents included “information in 
considering of clue in decision on refuge direction”. 
Figure 1:  Sign for evacuation
Figure 2: Sign for Height above sea level  Figure 3: Disaster Drill with evacuation direction  
Properly refuge was greatly related to easy to walk, 
safety in street environment, and good view from 
crease bend point.  When sign guidance and route 
guidance interlock, it is easy to take refuge.  
From the above knowledge, this study clarified 
that “information in considering of clue in decision 
on refuge direction” is taken disaster prevention 
broadcasting into consideration on initial refuge.
| 61
Figure 4- Route Map in an experiment 1              
 Easy 5 – 1  Hard to 
wolk 
Safe 5 – 1 Dangerous Good view 5 – 1  Bad 
view  Easy 5 – 1  Hard to 
wolk 
Safe 5 – 1 Dangerous Good view 5 – 1  Bad 
view 
Figure 8- Results on Subject A by An experiment 1             Figure 9- Results on Subject B by An experiment 2             
 Easy 5 – 1  Hard to 
wolk 
Safe 5 – 1 Dangerous Good view 5 – 1  Bad 
view 
 Easy 5 – 1  Hard to 
wolk 
Safe 5 – 1 Dangerous Good view 5 – 1  Bad 
view 
Figure 6- Results on Subject A by An experiment 1               Figure 7- Results on Subject A by An experiment 2               
Figure 5- Route Map in an experiment 2              
REFERENCES     
• LEVINE M., You-are-here maps : Phychological 
considerations, Environment and Behavior 14, 221-237, 1982 
• LEVINE M., The placement and misplacement of you-are-
here maps, Environment and Behavior 16, 139-157, 1984 
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Takayuki Kumazawa currently teaches as Associate 
Professor in College of Engineering, Ibaraki University in 
Japan. He received his Ph.D. in engineering from Tokyo 
Institute of Technology in 2003 and worked at Okayama 
Prefectural University from 2003 to 2014.  His main research 
concerns are urban design and city planning. His current field 
of study is evacuation system in urban planning.                    


English

Effects of disaster prevention broadcasting for tsunami on human behavior on initial refuge

Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual

| 59EFFECTS OF DISASTER PREVENTION BROADCASTING FOR TSUNAMI ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR ON INITIAL REFUGETakayuki Kumazawa I kuma@mx.ibaraki.ac.jpIbaraki UniversityABSTRACTThis study focuses on broadcast communication in consideration of the refuge direction, pays its attention to direction selection in refuge early stages, and confirms experimentally influences, which broadcast has on refuge.  Contents of broadcast consisted of “information without specific directions of refuge direction” and “information with specific directions of refuge direction”. Based on results of the experiments, following things became clear.  Residents have an appropriate tendency to take refuge, when broadcasting contents included “information in considering of clue in decision on refuge direction”. Properly refuge was greatly related to easy to walk, safety in street environment, and good view from crease bend point.  When sign guidance and route guidance interlock, it is easy to take refuge. From the above knowledge, this study clarified that “information in considering of clue in decision on refuge direction” is taken disaster prevention broadcasting into consideration on initial refuge. KEY WORDS: DISASTER PREVENTION, TSUNAMI, BROADCASTING FOR TSUNAMI, HUMAN BEHAVIOR, INITIAL REFUGE. | 60INTRODUCTIONWhen a tsunami occurred in an East Japan great earthquake, residents evacuated after hearing an imperative sentence “take refuge in heights immediately” by disaster broadcasting in Oarai-city, Ibaraki.  Although 4-m tsunami attacked to Oarai-city, there were nobody killed in tsunami. Reason is considered that contents of broadcast urged refuge strongly.  On the other hand, current broadcast communication has been transmitted with the sound.  In future, broadcast will be digitized and it will become possible to develop various methods.  This study focuses on broadcast communication in consideration of the refuge direction, pays its attention to direction selection in refuge early stages, and confirms experimentally influences, which broadcast has on refuge.  Contents of broadcast consisted of “information without specific directions of refuge direction” and “information with specific directions of refuge direction”.  EXPERIMENTAL METHODAlthough information which experimenter gave to participants is different, how to collect human evaluations and gaze places of course are based on same experimental methods.  The participants equipped wearable camera to eyeball and measured gaze place by animation photography. At all bend point, participants evaluated based on five steps of measures “easy – hard to walk” “safety-danger” and “good – bad view”.  In an experiment 1, an experimenter gave participants “information without directions of refuge direction” and made participants evacuate.  At first, the participants listened to a siren, which informed residents of earthquake occurrence and broadcasting contents from head phone and participants evacuated.In an experiment 2, the experimenter gave the participants the intelligible information to go to evacuation shelter.  After the experimenter displayed a route to shelter on a map, a sign to a shelter was built on the street.Based on results of the experiments, following things became clear.  Residents have an appropriate tendency to take refuge, when broadcasting contents included “information in considering of clue in decision on refuge direction”. Figure 1:  Sign for evacuationFigure 2: Sign for Height above sea level  Figure 3: Disaster Drill with evacuation direction  Properly refuge was greatly related to easy to walk, safety in street environment, and good view from crease bend point.  When sign guidance and route guidance interlock, it is easy to take refuge.  From the above knowledge, this study clarified that “information in considering of clue in decision on refuge direction” is taken disaster prevention broadcasting into consideration on initial refuge.| 61Figure 4- Route Map in an experiment 1               Easy 5 – 1  Hard to wolk Safe 5 – 1 Dangerous Good view 5 – 1  Bad view  Easy 5 – 1  Hard to wolk Safe 5 – 1 Dangerous Good view 5 – 1  Bad view Figure 8- Results on Subject A by An experiment 1             Figure 9- Results on Subject B by An experiment 2              Easy 5 – 1  Hard to wolk Safe 5 – 1 Dangerous Good view 5 – 1  Bad view  Easy 5 – 1  Hard to wolk Safe 5 – 1 Dangerous Good view 5 – 1  Bad view Figure 6- Results on Subject A by An experiment 1               Figure 7- Results on Subject A by An experiment 2               Figure 5- Route Map in an experiment 2              REFERENCES     • LEVINE M., You-are-here maps : Phychological considerations, Environment and Behavior 14, 221-237, 1982 • LEVINE M., The placement and misplacement of you-are-here maps, Environment and Behavior 16, 139-157, 1984 BIBLIOGRAPHY• Takayuki Kumazawa currently teaches as Associate Professor in College of Engineering, Ibaraki University in Japan. He received his Ph.D. in engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 2003 and worked at Okayama Prefectural University from 2003 to 2014.  His main research concerns are urban design and city planning. His current field of study is evacuation system in urban planning.                    

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Effects of disaster prevention broadcasting for tsunami on human behavior on initial refuge

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