8 pagesThis archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Dankers, W. H.

Olson, F. L.

8 pagesThis archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.Dankers, W. H.; Olson, F. L.. (1957). The dairy situation - highlights. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/169224

University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy

MAGR GOVS March, 1957 MN 2000 MISC-1957 AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE ..;> •, A, Trends ITY OF MINNESOTA - U, S, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STITUTE OF AGRICULTURE - ST. PAUL 1, ;gr;· · 'f.. · ; , (I_; • The Dairy Situation - Highlights AI 1 '''AY l , t W, H. Dankers, Extension Economist - Marke~ng ' ~ ~~ F. L. Olson, Extension Marketing Assistant ~ ~· ~ . Milk P d t . U S .4 • I • \.,. i-ln ro uc lon - • • Number of Total Milk Production Milk Year Milk on Farms Consumption 1925-29 1930-34 1935-39 1940-44 1945-49 1950-54 1954 1955 1956 1957 23.9 23.5 23.2 23.0* 5657 5810 6006 Total bil. lbs.) 94.7 102.6 103.7 115.4 116.6 117.7 219 122.1 224 123.1 233 125.7 (129.0) Per Ca ita Per Ca ita (lbs. (lbs, 797 798 823 812 803 791 854 782 809 750 749 700 752 691 745 700 748 708 (754) * Lowest Note: 1, figure since 1929 The number of cows on farms declined from 1945 to 1952. Then it increased until 1954 and decreased again during the last three years. 2. The increase in total production of milk was due largely to a steady increase in production per cow. · 3. Although there has been a steady increase in milk production per cow, the average is still much too low for efficient milk production. 4. Milk production is expected to be 3 billion pounds larger in 1957 than in 1956. This expected increase in milk production is greater than the expected increase in population. B. Trends in Utilization of Milk Fat - U. S, Other (Dried Fluid Fluid All Evaporated Wholemilk. Year Milk Cream Butter Wholesale and Cond. Ice Dried Total Cheese Milk Cream Cream, etc • ) Percent of the total milkfat in milk used in each product 1925-29 33.8 8.5 44.9 5.8 3.3 3.0 0.7 100.0 1935-39 33.4 8.3 42.6 7.0 4.6 3.2 0.9 100.0 1940-44 37.5 7.8 36.8 7.0 5.0 4.2 1.7 100.0 1945-49 41.3 8.2 28,0 9.1 5.6 6.3 1.5 100,0 1950-54 42.8 7.2 25.9 10.6 5.5 6.6 1.4 100.0 1954 43.6 6.8 25.0 11.3 5.2 6.8 1.3 100.0 1955 43.6 6.7 25.3 11.0 5.0 6.9 1.5 100.0 1956 - 2 -Note: 1. The figures in this table are based on milkfat in milk. Consequently, this tabie does not indicate changes in the utilization of non-fat solids in such products as cottage cheese and fluid and dried non-fat milk. c. 2. There have been substantial increases over a period of years in the percent of the total supply of milkfat used in ice cream, cheese, and fluid milk. 3. There has been a drastic decline in the percent of total milkfat used in butter, to a low point qf about 25 percent. Trends in Consumption of Dairy Products - u. s. 1. Per capita consumption of various dairy products Fluid Evap. Ice Milk and Dry Dry Cream Year and Cond. Whole- Non-fat (milk Cream Milk milk Milk (pounds) eguiv.) Cheese Butter Margarine 1935-39 330 16.5 0.1 1.9 24.6 5.5 16.8 2.8 1940-44 '354 17.9 0.2 2.9 36.0 5.5 14.3 3.1 1945-49 . 373 19.1 0.4 2.9 47.1 6.8 10.5 4.9 1950-54 350 17.8 0.3 4.3 46.0 7.5 9.2 7.3 1954 348 16.5 0.2 5.171- 47.0 7 .8-l~ 8. 7-l~ 8.4 1955 352 15.9 0.2 5.3~· 49.0 7. 7~~ 8. 91~ 8.0 1956 356 15.7 0.3 5. 7 48.8 7.8 9.0 8.0 ·:i- When domestic donations are excluded, the totals are: Dry nonfat-milk Cheese Butter 1954 4.8 7.4 8.1 1955 4.8 7.2 8.2 Note: 1. Per capi~consumption of fluid milk and cream was low during 1935-39. It reached a peak during 1945-49, but since 1950 has changed only slightly around the 350 pm,nd mark. 2. After a long period of decline in butter consumption, there was a slight increase during the last few years. However, some of the increase resulted from the "give away" program - butter given to public institutions. 3. There has been a relatively large increase in per capita consumption of non-fat dry milk. Nevertheless, during the last several years the available supply has been nearly double the amount used for human consumption. ;2~ - 3 -Per Capita consumption of total milk fat and non-fat solids Consumption of Consumption of Year Milk fat Total ~lilk Solids 1925-29 31.3 69.0 1935-39 31.2 70.8 1945-49 29.9 77.7 1950-54 27.5 74.8 1954 26.7 48.2 74.9 1955 27.0 49.3 76.3 1956 27.4 49·5 76.9 1956 compared with the 1935-39 period -3.8 +9.9 +6.1 1956 compared with the 1945-49 period -2.5 +1.7 -0.8 Note: 1. There was a continuous decline in per capita consumption of rnilkfat (total fat consumed in all dairy products) to a low point in 1953, then an increase of 1.0 pounds from 1953 to 1956. Most of the increase in milk fat consumption during the last few years was the result of "government give away" programs. 2. There was a rapid upswing in per capita consumption of non-fat milk solids until it reached the peak of 50.3 pounds in 1946. It dropped sharply during the-next few years. Since the early 50's it has been rising slowly. With the substantial shift from the sale of cream to the sale of wholemilk from farms, the supply of total non-fat milk solids has been considerably in excess of the volume required for domestic human consumption during the last several years. 3. The consumption of total milk solids (fat and non-fat) is consider-ably higher than in earlier periods, lower than in the immediate post-war period, and has increased slightly during the last several years. D. Government Purchases of Dairy Products ' BUTTER CHEESE NON-FAT DRY MILK CCC Purchases CCC Purchases CCC Purchases ' ' '% of ' '% of Pro-' '% of Year ' Production ' Million 'Pro- Production 'Million'Pro- duction 'Million'Pro-' (million ' Pounds 'duction (million 'Pounds 'due- (million'pounds 'due-' pounds) ' t pounds) ' ' tion pounds)' 'tion 1952 ' 1,188 ' 16 ' 1.3 851 ' 3 ' 0.4 863 ' 51 ' 5.9 1953 ' 1,412 ' 359 ' 25.4 1,022 ' 291 '28. 5 1,214 ' 587 '48.4 1954 ' 1,449 ' 320 ' 22.1 1,045 ' 275 '26.3 1,402 ' 651 '46.4 1955 ' 1,386 ' 162 ' 11.7 1,003 ' 150 '15.0 1,410 ' 556 '39.4 1956 ' 1,409 ' 165 ' 11.7 1,007 ' 188 '18.7 1,484 ' 754 '50.8 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' E. . - 4 -Note: CCC purchases of butter, cheese and non-fat dry milk constituted a smaller percentage of total production in 1955 then in the two earlier years. However, there was a slight increase in government purchases from 1955 to 1956. Disposal of Dairy Products Purchased Under the Price Support Program Uncommitted Supply -Year Purchased DISPOSAL end of period beginning by Domestic Foreign Total Percent of April 1 CCC Quantity Year's Purchases Million pounds BUTTER 1952 143.3 20,9 20.9 122.5 85 1953 375.0 /1 93.3 45.8 139.1 359.0 96 1954 210.5 164.2 170.5 334.7 236.6 112 1955 177.6 150.4 263.7 414.1 o.o 0 1956 /2 115.1 88.0 27.1 115.1 o.o 12. 0 AMERICAN CHEESE 1952 75.2 1.1 1.1 74.2 99 1953 369.4 /1 31.7 22.6 54.3 390.0 106 1954 153.4 123.1 90.8 213.9 328.6 214 1955 157.4 92.5 165.3 257.8 228.2 145 1956 IZ 151.4 104.8 128.8 233.6 146.1 /2. 96 NONFAT DRY IDLK 1952 210.4 20.5 47.4 67.9 169.3 80 1953 665.9 11.8 227.6 239.4 598.8 90 1954 523.2 659.6 374.2 1033.8 86.3 16 1955 623.7 106.2 558.1 664.3 46.4 7 1956 /2 576.1 161.8 429.2 591.0 31.6 12. 5 11. Excludes 5,137,000 pounds of butter and 83,083,000 pounds of cheese purchased in March for resa~e in April. /2 April - December, 1956 /5_ December 31, 1956 Note: 1. The major portion of the 1954 CCC supply of nonfat dry milk was moved into animal feed channels. 2. The disposal of cheese did not keep pace with the purchase under the price support program in the earlier years. The uncommitted supplies at the end of 1954 and 1955 amounted to over one-fifth of a year's production of cheese. However, in 1954, 1955, and 1956 disposals exceeded purchases. - 5 -\~ F. Donations - A Substantial Proportion of CCC Supplies Was Given Away Year Beginning April 1 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956-l~ Total to date 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956* 'total to date 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956-l~ Total to date "'*' April - December, 1956 Total Disposal by CCC Million pounds 20.9 139.1 334.7 414..1 115.1 1,023.9 1.1 54.3 213.9 257.8 233.6 760.7 67.9 239.4 1,033.8 664.3 591.0 2,596.4 Quantity Million pounds BUTTER 45.8 249.5 317.1 57.9 670.3 AMERICAN CHEESE 22.1 159.7 193.4 192.6 567.8 NONFAT DRY MILK 90.9 331.0 428.4 425.3 1,275.6 DONATIONS Percent of Total Disposal 33 75 77 22 65 41 75 75 82 75 38 32 64 11: 49 Note: 1. The amounts listed in the table above include only "total give away". Some CCC supplies were sold under the 1• two price plan" at a price to foreign buyers considerably below the government support prices. 2. About two-thirds of the butter, three-fourths of the cheese, and almost one-half of the non-fat dry milk which was disposed of by CCC was donated to domestic and foreign groups. G. Non-fat Dry Milk For Animal Feed Year beginning April 1 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956-l~ Total to date ?r April - December, 1956 Domestic Disposal Total For Animal Feed million pounds 20.5 5.2 11.8 2.1 659.6 581.4 106.2 18.4 161.8 47.6 959.9 654.7 Percent of total for Domestic Animal Feed percent 25 18 88 17 ~ 68 Note: Over two-thirds of all the CCC non-fat milk powder which was disposed of domestically from 1952 to date went into animal feed. - 6 -. H. Butter and Margarine - Consumption and Prices Per CaEita ConsumEtion - U. s. Year Butter Mar- Butter Ratio of Retail Prices Ratio of garine and Mar- butter and Mar- butter and garine margarine Butter garine margarine (pounds), consumEtion (cents) prices 1925-29 17.7 2.4 20.1 7.38 55.5 28.6 1.9 1935-39 16.8 2.8 19.6 6.00 36.7 18.1 2.0 1945-49 10.5 4.9 15.4 2.14 72.3 33.1 2.2 1950-54 9.2 7.3 16.5 1.26 78~3 30.9 2.5 1953 8.4* 7.9 16.3 1.06 79.0 29.4 2.7 1954 8. 7~1- 8.4 17.1 1.04 72.4 29.9 2.4 1955 8.9~!- 8.0 16.9 1.11 70.9 28.9 2.5 1956 9.0 8.0 17.0 1.12 71.7 28.9 2.5 -l*- When domestic donations are excluded, the totals in 1953, 1954 and 1955 were 8.1, 8.1 and 8.2 pounds respectively. Note: 1. The milkfat problem is largely the result of changes in the pattern of fat consumption. The total per capita consumption of butter and· margarine has remained fairly constant over a considerable period of time, however, the proportion of margarine consumed increased steadily until 1954. 2. The per capita consumption of margarine is almost equal to butter. 3. For a long period of years the ratio of butter prices to margarine prices was very close to 2 to 1. In the early 50's the ratio started rising, and reached an all time high in 1952. When the ratio was at an all time high in 1952 and 1953, butter consumption dropped to an all time low. There was a drop in the price ratio from 1953 to 1954 and 1955, and a slight increase in the consumption of butter, even if the government sales at reduced prices and donations to public institutions are excluded. • I. - 7-Composition of Margarine - u. s. Production Year 1925-29 19.30-.34 19.35-.39 1940-44 1945-49 1950 '1951 1952 195.3 1954 1955 ' Foreign Oil Animal ' Fat [[I] t t 2 7.2 ' 8.7 ' 2.0 ' ' 1.6 ' 1 • .3 ' 1.1 ' 2.0 ' 1.5 ' 2.0 ' (mostly coconut [Iff] • .39.0 5.0 1.5 -----Cottonseed Oil (percent 11.1 12. 41.0 47.8 55.0 .39.1 .3.3.8 26.2 .35.9 25.9 }t• y Soybean Oil 0.2 11.4 .35.7 .38.7 40.1 55.5 62.2 69.2 60.1 69_.4 ,-.,,( Other 1.8 1.8 l.l, 2.8 2.8 2.0 4.1 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.7 ' Total of ' all Fats Y and Oils ' ' 100.0 ' 100.0 t 100.0 ' 100.0 ' 100.0 100.0 ' 100.0 ' 100.0 ' 100.0 ' 100.0 ' 100.0 Note: 1. All of the fat and oil now used in margarine comes from domestic sources and 98 percent comes from vegetable oils. 2. Margarine did not contain any soybean oil in the early period of 1925-29. In 1955 over two-thirds of the total ingredients in margarine was soybean oil. The mid-west states have become the main sources of supply for the production of margarine. J. Soybean Production - U. s. and Minnesota Year 19.35-.39 1940-44 1945-49 1950-54 1954 1955 1956 United States Minnesota (million bushels) 56.1 0.2 151.0 2.6 208.9 12~.3 298.0 25.7 .341.6 42 • .3 .371.1 4.3.9 461.9 55.8 Percent of u. s. Total Produced in l>'Iinnesota (percent) 0.4 1.7 5.9 8.6 12 • .3 11.8 12.1 Index of Production (1945-49 = 100) United l>tinnesota States 27 2 72 21 100 100 14..3 209 164 .34.3 178 .357 221 45.3 Note: 1. There has been a substantial increase in the production of soybeans in the United States and especially in the ~ddle west since the early 40's. U. s. production in 1956 wasJ21 percent higher than the average annual production during 1945-49. For the same period, l>'Iin-nesota had an increase of .35.3 percent in soybean production. 2. Illinois is the top ranking state in soybean production followed by Indiana, l>tinnesota, Iowa, Missouri and Ohio • .3. The percent of the total United States supply of soybeans produced in ~tinnesota had increased substantially. In 1954, 1955 and 1956 it was about 12 percent of the total U. c. production. ~~~iiili~llli~iii~ 3 1951 D02 589 355 I - 8 -K. Soybean Oil and Milkfat Production - u. s. and Minnesota Year 1935-39 1940-44 1945-49 1950-54 195~. 1955 1956 1935-39 19~.0-44 1945-49 1950-54 1954 1955 1956 Milk Production 103,656 115,hl5 116,623 117,654 122, 09~. 123,128 125,698 7,822 8,685 8,402 8,260 8,615 8,833 9,376 Milkfat Production Soybean Oil ProdJJct.j on (million pounds) UNITED STATES 3,835 4,270 4,315 4,353 4,517 4,556 4,651 282 313 302 297 310 318 338 MINNESOTA 561 1,510 2,089 2,980 3,416 3, 711 4,619 2 26 123 257 423 439 558 Ratio of Soybean Oil to Milkfat .15 .35 .L~8 .68 .76 .81 .. 99 .06 .08 .41 .87 1.36 1.38 1.65 Note: 1. The average milkfat tests were used in calculating the totai production of milkfat, namely, 3.7% for the United States and 3.6% for Minnesota. An average yield of 10 pounds of oil per bushel of beans was used in calculating total production of soybean oil. 2. During 1935-39 about 1~ pounds of soybean oil was produced in the United States for each 10 pounds of milkfat. In 1956 it is almost 10 pounds of soybean oil for each 10 pounds of milkfat. 3. During 1935-39 less than 1 pound of soybean oil was produced in Minnesota for each 10 pounds of milkfat. In 1956 it is over 16 pounds of soybean oil for each 10 pounds of milkfat. L~. A large percent of the total supply of soybean oil is used in food products. Because soybean production has increas~d greatly, Minnesota now moves a large volume of ~oybean oil into food channels. 

The dairy situation - highlights

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.Dankers, W.H.; Olson, F.L.. (1958). The Dairy Situation: Highlights. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/177254

Dankers, W.H.

Olson, F.L.

The Dairy Situation: Highlights

https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/177254/mn_2000_DairyUpdate_00344.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

The dairy situation - highlights

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