Author Institution: Department of Biology, College of Mount St. JosephBrood X of the periodical cicadas emerged in parts of western Ohio during late May and June, 1987. Periodical cicadas were reported in 26 counties in western Ohio, including three new county records. The 1987 distribution was compared to the historical record of periodical cicadas in Ohio, revealing that the distribution of Brood X has been greatly reduced in the last century and that 12 counties have witnessed 4-year accelerations of the 17-year life cycle

Kritsky, Gene

The Ohio Journal of Science

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168 R. W. RINGS AND E. H. METZLER Vol. 88BRIEF NOTEThe 1987 Emergence of the Periodical Cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicadaspp.: Brood X) in Ohio1GENE KRITSKY, Department of Biology, College of Mount St. Joseph, Mount St. Joseph, OH 45051ABSTRACT. Brood X of the periodical cicadas emerged in parts of western Ohio during late May and June,1987. Periodical cicadas were reported in 26 counties in western Ohio, including three new county records.The 1987 distribution was compared to the historical record of periodical cicadas in Ohio, revealing that thedistribution of Brood X has been greatly reduced in the last century and that 12 counties have witnessed4-year accelerations of the 17-year life cycle.OHIO J. SCI. 88 (4): 168-170, 1988INTRODUCTIONBrood X of periodical cicadas emerged in parts ofwestern Ohio during late May and June, 1987. Thethree species of periodical cicadas, Magicicada septen-decim, M. cassini, and M. septendecula, were collected.Records of this brood in Ohio date back to 1804, and39 counties have recorded these cicadas during years ofBrood X emergences. This year, 23 of those 39 countieswere reconfirmed and three new county records were re-ported (Fig. 1).MATERIALS AND METHODSSeven stations on the campus of the College of Mount St. Josephin western Cincinnati were used to monitor emergence phenology.Once cicada activity was reported, the stations were checked daily.To verify the distribution of periodical cicadas in Ohio, lettersgiving the previous history of Brood X were sent to county exten-sion agents in all counties in which Brood X had been reported. Theletters asked the extension agents to report whether periodical ci-cadas were being observed in their county and, if the periodical ci-cadas had been observed, to give specific emergence localities.1 Manuscript received 13 November 1987 and in revised form 24February 1988 (#87-55).RESULTSThe periodical cicada phenology in western Cincin-nati in 1987 was as follows. On 20 April there was tur-ret construction. Emergence began on 15 May with M.cassini and M. septendecula. Cool temperatures on 15 and16 May apparently delayed the emergence of all threespecies until 18 May. During the heaviest emergenceover 50 adults per m2 were observed. Emergence ofadults was nearly complete by 27 May when only threenewly emerged M. cassini were found. The last teneraladult M. cassini was seen on June 9. Chorusing washeard throughout June; the last singing male M. cassiniwas heard on 27 June.The 100% response of all county agents to the lettersprovided the most complete coverage of Brood X inOhio since 1919 (Anon. 1936). The emergence was theheaviest in southwestern Ohio where Hamilton, Mont-gomery, Preble, Clark, and Logan counties reported ex-tensive emergences (Fig. 1). Scattered emergences wereseen in Butler, Clermont, Adams, Warren, Greene,Fayette, Pickaway, Fairfield, Franklin, Madison,Darke, Shelby, Auglaize, Union, Delaware, Morrow,Ohio J. Science 1987 PERIODICAL CICADAS IN OHIO 169FIGURE 1. Distribution of periodical cicadas in Ohio during 1987.Dark circles occur in counties reporting emergences; larger circlesrepresent heavier emergence than smaller circles. Open circles repre-sent counties where periodical cicadas had been recorded in the past,but were not reported in 1987.and Wyandot counties. All counties and towns report-ing cicadas are presented in the Appendix. Periodicalcicadas were also collected in the northwestern part ofWilliams County, the southeastern portion of DefianceCounty, and the northeastern portion of PauldingCounty. These are the first records of periodical cicadasfrom Williams and Defiance counties and the firstrecord of Brood X in Paulding County.DISCUSSIONThe distribution of Brood X in Ohio has been greatlyreduced during the past century. This reduction is thelikely result of agricultural practices (Young 1971) andof 4-year accelerations of the 17-year life cycle (Lloydand White 1976). Both events can reduce the emergingpopulation of periodical cicadas in a given area to thepoint at which they cannot satiate predators, leavingtoo few adults to produce another generation. Four-yearaccelerations have been documented in Illinois and In-diana (Dybas 1969, Young 1971), and models for accel-eration have been proposed (Lloyd and White 1976,Lloyd et al. 1983, Lloyd 1984). Four-year accelerationsof Brood X in Ohio may be common. In 1983, a con-siderable number of periodical cicadas were taken atSpring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati (Lloyd 1984). Asearch of historical records of periodical cicadas in theGreater Cincinnati region as well as interviews with en-tomologists revealed records of 4-year accelerations in1898, 1932, and 1966 (Marlatt 1898, R. Crouch pers.comm.). Each of these emergences was apparently toosmall to establish a new brood.Throughout the state of Ohio, there have been 12counties that have apparently witnessed 4-year accelera-tions of Brood X. Champaign, Delaware, Hamilton,Madison, Montgomery, Pickaway, Shelby, and Unioncounties recorded periodical cicadas in 1898 (Marlatt1898, Anon. 1937). Allen, Auglaize, Paulding, andVan Wert counties recorded periodical cicadas in 1932(Anon. 1932).The accuracy of the historical records of periodical ci-cadas is a matter of concern. Reports of periodical ci-cadas in Ohio counties during years when they were notpredicted have led some investigators to question theseunexpected reports. However, in the light of 4-yearaccelerations these records are not surprising. In Ohio,the only counties that have recorded periodical cicadasfour years before Brood X are the northeastern counties,where Brood V occurs, and the western counties, whereBrood X occurs. It is likely the records from Brood Vcounties represent periodical cicadas from Brood Vwhich emerged a year late. The emergence of periodicalcicadas after 18 years has been documented by Whiteand Lloyd (1979). All the other unexpected records ofperiodical cicadas are from Brood X counties. If all ofthese records were based on misidentified periodical ci-cadas, the overlap would not be expected to be onlywith Brood V and Brood X counties, but also in otherparts of Ohio where other broods of cicadas occur. More-over. I have identified specimens as periodical cicadaswhich were taken in 1898 and 1983 from HamiltonCounty, indicating that these unpredicted emergenceswere indeed periodical cicadas.The 1987 distribution of Brood X in Ohio combinedwith the historical record indicates that 4-year accelera-tions may be common events. Determination of the roleof 4-year accelerations in the distribution of the otherbroods in Ohio will require that accurate distributionsbe determined for Brood XIV in 1991, Brood V in1999, and Brood VIII in 2002. These distributions,combined with the historical record of periodical ci-cadas, will reveal more of how the periodical cicadabroods evolved in Ohio.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. I thank Dr. A. Muckerheide, Dr. M. Riesten-berg, G. Christman, and M. Pohlmann for their help in collectingdistribution data. I also could not have completed this work withoutthe help of many County Extension Agents who answered my lettersand calls. I dedicate this paper to the memory of Dr. Lewis J. Stan-nard, Jr.APPENDIX. Counties and cities reporting Brood X emergences.Adams: West Union; Auglaize: Wapakoneta; Butler; Oxford, Ross;Champaign: North Lewis, Rosewood; Clark: Forest Hills, Lawrence-ville, Springfield, St. Paris; Clermont: Batavia, East BataviaHeights, Milford; Darke: New Madison; Defiance: Ayersville;Delaware: Concord Twp., Harlem, Kilbourn, Liberty, Powell;Fairfield: Canal Winchester; Fayette; Franklin: Columbus,Dublin; Greene: Yellow Springs; Hamilton: Addyston, Blue Ash,Bridgetown, Cheviot, Cincinnati, Cleves, Delhi, Dent, ELizabeth-town, Fairfax, Forest Park, Goshen, Greenhills, Harrison, Loveland,Mariemont, Montgomery, Mount St. Joseph, Mt. Airy, Mt.Healthy, North College Hill, Sharonville, St. Bernard, Willowville;Logan: Bellafontaine, East Liberty, Middleburg, Rushylvania, WestMansfield, Zanesfield; Madison: West Jefferson; Montgomery:Centerville, Dayton, Miamisburg, Trotwood, Vandalia, West Car-rollton; Morrow: Cardington, Marengo; Paulding: NE corner;Pickaway: Orient; Preble; Shelby: Fort Loramie, Newport, Rus-sia, Sidney; Union; Warren: Fort Ancient; Williams: northeastpart of county; Wyandot.LITERATURE CITEDAnonymous 1932 Insect pest survey bulletin 12: 424.Anonymous 1936 Insect pest survey bulletin 16: 525-527.Anonymous 1937 Insect pest survey bulletin 17: 111-116.Dybas, H. S. 1969 The 17-year cicada: A four year "mistake"?Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin 40: 10-12.170 G. KRITSKY Vol. 88Lloyd, M. 1984 Periodical cicadas. Antenna 8: 79-91. cicada, with a particular reference to the occurrence of broods VIand j . White 1976 Sympatry of periodical cicada broods and XXIII in 1898. U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Entomol. Bull. 18and the four-year acceleration. Evolution 30: 786-801. (n.s.): 59-78., G. Kritsky, and C. Simon 1983 A simple mendelian White, J. and M. Lloyd 1979 17-year cicadas emerging after 18model for 13- and 17-year life cycles of periodical cicadas, with years: a new brood? Evolution 33: 1193-1199-historical evidence of hybridization between them. Evolution 37: Young, F. N. 1971 Observations on periodical cicadas (Brood X)1162-1180. in Indiana (Homoptera-Cicadidae). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 80:Marlatt, C. L. 1898 A consideration of the validity of the old 247-252.records bearing on the distribution of the broods of the periodical

Brief Note  The 1987 Emergence of the Periodical Cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.: Brood X) in Ohio

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Brief Note The 1987 Emergence of the Periodical Cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.: Brood X) in Ohio

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