Author Institution: Department of Zoology, Miami Universit

Perrier, M. Drew

Wissing, Thomas E.

The Ohio Journal of Science

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Copyright © 1980 Ohio Acad. Sci. 0030-0950/80/0001-0038$! .00/0BRIEF NOTEA SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THEMOUTHPARTS OF CHEUMATOPSYCHE AN A LI S(TRICHOPTERA; HYDROPSYCHIDAE) LARVAE1M. DREW FERRIER2 and THOMAS E. WISSING, Department of Zoology, Miami University,OXFORD, OH 45056OHIO J. SCI. 80(1): 38, 1980Net-spinning caddisflies function as col-lectors of fine particulate organic matterin lotic ecosystems. Food particles arestrained from flowing water by a silkennet produced by larval secretions from apair of long, tubular silk glands. Themouthparts of these larvae exhibit adap-tations and modifications which facilitatefeeding and food transport from the netinto the oral cavity. The objective ofthis study was to observe and describethe larval mouthparts of one species ofnet-spinning caddisfly, Cheumalo psycheanalis (Banks), and to discuss their rolein relation to feeding.Larvae were collected from Harker'sRun, a small, second-order stream lo-cated 2.3 km northeast of the city ofOxford in Butler County, Ohio. Larvalmouthparts were observed with a scan-ning electron microscope (Model 106,Coates and Welter Instrument Corp.,Sunnyvale, California) after fixation in2% gluteraldehyde, dehydration in agraded ethanol series (10, 25, 50, 75, and100%), and, finally, a transfer to 100%methanol. Specimens were then sub-jected to critical-point drying, with 100%methanol as the initial fluid and CO2 asthe transition medium. Larvae weremounted on aluminum stubs at variousorientations and sputter-coated with agold-palladium alloy before examination.The mouthparts of Trichoptera closelyresemble those of Lepidoptera (Snod-grass 1935). The labrum of C. analissurrounds the oral opening anteriorly;the mandibles (m) project inward alongxNote received 25 September 1978 (#78-58).2Present address: Garrett Community Col-lege, Mosser Road, McHenry, Maryland "21541.the lateral edges of the cavity (fig. 1).The maxillolabium, a large compositestructure, forms a thick under-lip pos-terior to the mouth. This structure iscomprised of two lateral lobes (1) repre-senting the maxillae and a median lobe(ml) formed from the labium.The larvae of C. analis exhibit severalmorphological adaptations which facili-tate feeding. They glean food materialfrom their nets with a sweeping action ofthe labrum. Two types of labral bristlesare used in feeding. Bristles found intwo large tufts on the lateral edges of thelabrum (lb) clean debris from the net(fig. 2). These bristles are pectinate instructure (fig. 3) and thus offer a broadedge which can be used to sweep thestrands of the net. The underside of thelabrum has many setae which are orientedtoward the oral opening and which arefeather-like in appearance (fig. 4). Thisfeather-like structure increases the sur-face area of the bristles that aid in themovement of food particles toward themouth. The role of the massive man-dibles during feeding is unclear. Themandibles are very large and seem to bestructurally incapable of manipulatingor grinding the small food particles ob-tained from the net; however, mandiblesmay be useful in obtaining animal preyitems, in moving retreat constructionmaterials, and in defending the larvafrom attack. The lateral lobes of themaxillolabium have five segments andare probably used to manipulate foodmaterials. The central lobe of the struc-ture is not critical to feeding, as it con-tains the spinneret from which silk-strands originate. T3etails of food trans-38Ohio J. Sci. MOUTHPARTS OF CHEUMATOPSYCHE ANALISFIGURE 1. Ventral view of the mouthparts of a mature C. analis larva (139 X) (mandible = m;later lobe = l; median lobe = ml; submentum = sm).FIGURE 2. Anterior view of mouthparts of a mature C. analis larva (98X). Note the largelateral labral tufts (labrum = lb).FIGURE 3. Pectinate bristles of the lateral labral tufts of C. analis (5242X).FIGURE 4. Setae on the ventral surface of the labrum of C. analis (4645X).fer from labral bristles to the oral cavityhave not been worked out. Another con-figuration of mouthparts observed inseveral specimens is shown in figure 5.All mouthparts have been drawn inward,and the labrum (lb) and bilobed sub-mentum (sm) are nearly touching. Suchmovements of these structures would aidin forcing food particles into the mouth.The mouthparts of C. analis are verysimilar to those of Hydropsyche, as de-scribed by Lepneva (1964) and Schuh-macher (1970). The pectinate structureof the lateral, labral setae is identical inthe two forms. Advanced hydropsy-chids, such as Macronema, display addi-tional feeding adaptations (Sattler 1963).Members of this genus possess denselypilose brushes on the fore tibiae. Fron-tal and lateral lobes which are coveredwith rows of bristles project from theFIGURE 5, An alternate configuration of mouth-parts exhibited by C. analis (103X) (labrum =lb; submentum = sm).labrum. These structures also aid insweeping food particles from the net intothe oral opening. Members of anothernet-spinning caddisfly family, the Phili-40 M. D. FERRIER AND T. E. WISSING Vol. 80potamidae, are also equipped with sev-eral types of setae on the labrum andmaxillary palps that aid in the capture offood particles (Wallace and Malas 1976).Thus, net-spinning trichopterans usesetae almost exclusively in food transportfrom net to mouth. Furthermore, thesetae have been modified and positionedin various ways to facilitate the feedingprocess in different larval forms.LITERATURE CITEDLepneva, S. G. 1964 Fauna of the U.S.S.R.Trichoptera, Vol. 2. Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information,Springfield, Virginia.Sattler, W. 1963 Uber dem Korperbau, dieokologie und ethologie der larve und puppevon Macronema Pict. (Hydropsychidae), einals larvae sich von "mikro-drift" ernahrendesTrichopter aus dem Amazonasgebiet. Arch.Hydrobiol. 59:26-60.Schuhmacher, H. 1970 Untersuchungen zurtaxonomie, biologie und okologie einigerKdcherfliegenarten der gattung HydropsychePict. (Insecta, Trichoptera). Int. Revueges. Hybrobiol. 55: 511-557.Snodgrass, R. E. 1935 Principles of insectmorphology. McGraw-Hill, New York.Wallace, J. B. and D. Malas 1976 The finestructure of capture nets of larval Philopota-midae (Trichoptera), with special emphasison Dolophilodes distinctus. Canadian J. Zool.54: 1788-1802.NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVEDLaws of Form. Spencer-Brown, G. E. P. Dutton, New York, NY. 1979. 141pp. $4.95 (paper).The Myth of Science or The Fantasy of Truth. Schram, Frederick R. Vantage Press, Inc., NewYork, NY. 1979. 86 pp. $6.95.Atlas and Dissection Guide for Comparative Anatomy. Wischnitzer, Saul. 3rd Edition. W. H.Freeman and Company, San Francisco, CA. 1979. illus. 231 pp. $7.95 (paper).A Guide to Field Identification. Smith, Hobart M. Western Publishing Co., Inc., New York, NY.1979. illus. 160 pp. $4.95 (paper).Robert Fludd: Hermetic philospher and Surveyor of Two Worlds. Godwin, Joscelyn. Shambhala,Publications, Boulder, CO. 1979. illus. 96 pp. $6.95 (paper).Wasn't the Future Wonderful? A View of Trends and Technology from the 1930's. Onoskao, Tim.E. P. Dutton, New York, NY. 1979. illus. 188 pp. $9.95 (paper).Man and the Water Hyacinth. Monsod, Godofredo G., Jr. Vantage Press, Inc., New York, NY.1979. 48 pp. $4.95 (hardcover).I am That: Notes on the Biology of Religion. Comfort, Alex. Crown Publishers Inc., One ParkAvenue, New York, NY. 1979. 153 pp. $6.95.Origins: What New Discoveries Reveal about the Emergence of Our Species and its Possible Future.Leakey, Richard E. and Roger Lewin. E. P. Dutton, 2 Park Ave., New York, NY. 1979.illus. 264 pp. $8.95 (paper).Star Atlas. Mitton, Jacqueline and Simon Mitton. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, NY. 1979.illus. 32 pp. $1.95 (paper).

Brief Note: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Mouthparts of Cheumatopsyche Analis (Trichoptera; Hydropsychidae) Larvae

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Brief Note: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Mouthparts of Cheumatopsyche Analis (Trichoptera; Hydropsychidae) Larvae

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