Author Institution: 173 Ireland Avenue, Cincinnati Ohio 4521

Downing, William

The Ohio Journal of Science

KnowledgeBank at OSU

62 VISHNU P. SAKSENA Vol. 75Jollie, M. 1962. Chordate morphology. Rein-hold Publ. Co., New York.Mark, E. L. 1890. Studies on Lepidosteus.Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 19:1-127.McCormack, B. T. 1967. Aerial respirationin the Florida spotted gar. Quart. J. FloridaAcad. Sci. 30: 68-72.1970. Aerial and aquatic respirationin the Florida gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus.Unpub. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Miami, MiamiFlorida. 58 p.Potter, G. E. 1926. Ecological studies of theshort-nosed gar-pike {Lepidosteus platystomus).Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat, Hist. 11: 17-26.1927. Respiratory function of theswim bladder in Lepidosteus. J. Exp. Zool.49: 45-67.Rahn, J., K. B. Rahn, B. J. Howell, C. Gans,and S. M. Tenney. 1.971. Air-breathing inthe gar fish. Resp. Physiol. 11: 285-314.Wilder, B. G. 1876. Notes on the NorthAmerican ganoids. Amia, Lepidosteus, Aci-penser, and Polyodon. Proc. Amer. Assoc.Adv. Sci. B. 24: 151-196.Winston, W. D., Jr. 1967. Effects of tem-perature and light on the rate of aerial breath-ing of the alligator gar, Lepisosteus spatula.Unpubl. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Okla., Nor-man, Okla. 24 p.NEW OCCURRENCE AND HOSTFOR TACHINAEPHAGUS ZEA-LANDICUS ASHMEAD (HYMENOP-TERA: ENCYRTIDAE).1 Tachinae-phagus zealandicus Ashmead was foundas a parasite of Tritoxa (Diptera:Otitidae) in Cincinnati, Ohio. This is anew record for both host and occurrencefor T. zealandicus. This occurrence sug-gests a possible means for the spread of T.zealandicus in North America.In the course of work with the genusTritoxa several larvae were obtained byleaving onions in high grass where breed-ing pairs of Tritoxa flexa (Wied.) wereseen. Third instar Tritoxa larvae werecollected from the onions and allowed topupate in the laboratory. One Tritoxapupa of a group obtained in this manneryielded seven hymenoptera of familyEncyrtidae and the other pupae of thegroup yielded Tritoxa flexa imago. Ex-amination of the puparia of this groupshowed all but one had split on the an-terior end in the manner characteristicof Diptera of suborder Cyclorrhapha.The puparium which was not split had asmall round hole in the ventral surface ofthe anterior end, which presumablyserved as an exit for the parasites.The Encyrtid parasites were deter-mined by K. S. Hagen, of the Divisionof Biological Control at the University ofCalifornia, to be Tachinaephagus zea-landicus Ashmead.Tachinaephagus zealandicus normallyoccurs in Australia and New Zealand(Legner and Olton, 1968). This species'Note received December 19, 1973 (73-79).has previously been known only fromthe East and West coasts of the UnitedStates and was first found here in Cali-fornia. In addition T. zealandicus hasnot been known to parasitize Otitid flies(B. D. Burks, Personal communication,October 1973).Tritoxa flexa is sometimes a pest ofonions in storage and in the field (Manis,941). The range of T. flexa has beengiven as follows: Manitoba and NorthDakota to Connecticut and south toIllinois and Georgia, (Stone, 1965). How-ever, T. flexa has also been reported inCalifornia (Cole and Schlinger, 1969).The range of Tritoxa flexa and occur-rences to date of Tachinaephagus zea-landicus, along with the present hostrecord, indicate that the spread ofTachinaephagus zealandicus in NorthAmerica could be the result of commercialtransportation of onions infested withparasitized Tritoxa flexa.—WILLIAMDOWNING. 173 Ireland Avenue, Cin-cinnati, Ohio 45218.LITERATURE CITEDCole, Frank R., and E. L. Schlinger. 1969.The flies of Western North Ameiica. Uni-versity of California Press, p. 346.Legner, E. F., and G. S. Olton. 1968. Activityof parasites from Diptera: Musca domestica,Stomoxys calcitrans, and Species of Fannia,Muscina and Ophyra. II. At Sites in theEastern Hemisphere and Pacific Area. Ann.Ent. Soc. Amer. 61: 1306-1314.Manis, H. C. 1941. Bionomics and morphol-ogy of the Black Onion Fly, Tritoxa fexa(Wied.) (Diptera, Ortalidae). Iowa State Col.Jour. Sci. 16: 96-98.Stone, Allan, et al. 1965. A catalog of theDiptera of America North of Mexico. USDAAgric. Handbook No. 276. 1969 pp.

New Occurrence and Host for Tachinaephagus Zealandicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/1811/22271/1/V075N1_062.pdf

New Occurrence and Host for Tachinaephagus Zealandicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

KnowledgeBank at OSU