Analisis Pemajanan Benzena terhadap Kadar Fenol dalam Urin dan Status Anemia pada Pekerja Sektor Industri Pengolahan Petroleum

Abstract

Background : Benzene is known to cause blood disorders. The concentration of benzene in the workplace was above REL NIOSH, 0.1 ppm, so the workers of the petroleum refining industry were the population at risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) when exposed to low level benzene (0.05), but there was a significant correlation between smoking habit and urinary phenol level (r-Kendall=-0.539 ; p=0.001). There was also a significant difference (p-Mann Whitney=0.001) for urinary phenol concentration between smokers and non-smokers. Analysis using multiple logistic regression showed smoking habit had potential effect to urinary phenol concentration ³ 10 mg/L (ATSDR 1998 normality standard), with OR=1.198 (95%CI:0.612-8.856). Conclusion : at low level exposure to benzene (<1 ppm), smoking may be regarded as the major source of benzene intake. Suppresion in hematological value (i.e. decreasing in amount of haemoglobin/anemia) had not seen yet in 3-16 years in jobs. Although no statistical significance results (except for smoking habit), annual medical surveillance is necessary to anticipate adverse effect of exposure to low level benzene. Keywords : benzene, urinary phenol concentration, anemia, petroleum refinery industry