Gaiser, Jack

Pray, Harold L.

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 44 Article 35 1990 Status of the Accelerator Project at UCA Jack Gaiser University of Central Arkansas Harold L. Pray University of Central Arkansas Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Gaiser, Jack and Pray, Harold L. (1990) "Status of the Accelerator Project at UCA," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 44 , Article 35. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol44/iss1/35 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44, 1990 127General Notes—Essentially all spa areas were found to be well within acceptable radiation exposure limits.—Radon and daughters comprise essentially all of the radioactivity present in the park.—Dried up springs no longer emit gamma rays. The presence of water is evidently necessary for gamma emissions to exist.Table 5. PIC Reading Over Hatch Covers-Before and After OpeningyR h'1Spring Before Hatch After Hatcha 48 hoursNumber Removal Replacement Later5. 133 65 1367. 189 b 1908. 151 55 161Table 6. PIC Measurements at Spring Hatch Covers Across TimeSpring NumberDate //5 11/ IIHiR h"1July 1987 1V2 185Oct 1987 lit. 16 1Nov 1987 119 171Feb 1988 I1') 158a Spring was opened to ambient atmosphere for one hour beforereplacing hatch cover.Apr 1988 122 16/.Hatch not removed. May 1988 L33 18<) 151May 1988 136 I'll) 16]No reading takenLITERATURE CITEDBEDINGER, M.S., F.J. PEARSON, JR., J.E. REED, R.T.SNIEGOCKI, and C.G. STONE. 1979. The waters of Hot SpringsNational Park, Arkansas -their nature and origin.U.S. Dept. In-terior, Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044-C:4-25.HANOR, J.S. 1980. Fire in folded rocks. Eastern National Park andMonument Association. 42 pp.KURODA, P.K. 1953. Radioactivity tables of some natural waters.University ofArkansas Institute of Science and Technology. 58 pp.GRAY, D. and S. WINDHAM. 1987. EERF standard operatingprocedures for radon-222 measurement using charcoal canisters.USEPA. 30 pp.RONCA-BATTISTA, M. and P. MAGNO. 1988. Standard measure-ment techniques for indoor Rn-222 measurements. Health Physics.55:67-69.C.E. EPPERSON and N.R. RHODES, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College ofPharmacy, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock,AR 72205.STATUS OF THE ACCELERATOR PROJECT AT U.C.A.A 2.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator is being installed in a new facility at the University of Central Arkansas. The accelerator and someancillary hardware was donated to the school approximately 10 years ago, while the area in the building became available almost 4 years ago.The accelerator itself is one of many variants in a series produced by High Voltage Engineering Corporation. Builtin the late 1950's, it haspassed through several institutional hands in the interim, but has acquired relatively little actual running time. It was originally intended for usewitha negative terminal potential to accelerate electrons, as part ofan industrial X-ray system. Our use for the machine has required a conversiontopositive terminal operation to produce positive ion beams. Amore detailed discussion of these modifications and the installation to date appears below.The laboratory housing the accelerator was designed expressly for that purpose as part of an addition to the science building completed in1986. Itconsists of 4 rooms on the main (upper) floor of the building and one large room below them. Figure 1 shows a plan view of the upperfloor area and Fig. 2 shows the lower room.InFig. 1 we see 2 primary rooms, the control room and the accelerator vault. The control room is outside the curved shield wall of the vault;it houses the control console for the machine as well as providing space for data acquisition equipment. The 2 smaller rooms to the left of thevault will provide office and research area to faculty and students using the machine.The accelerator vault is 7.9 m in diameter and is enclosed by a high density concrete radiation shield wall; this room and the entire lowerroom, equally shielded, constitute the high radiation area of the laboratory. This area is protected against entry when radiation may be producedby a system of interlocks on all entrances.The accelerator is mounted vertically at the vault center so that the beam will immediately exit into the target room below. The machine'sbaseplate (A) is shown in Fig. 1, and is approximately 1.2 m square. The accelerator pressure tank stands roughly 2.4 m high and is removed andinstalled with an overhead track crane. A floor slot (B) allows crane access to the target room below. A large conduit (C) carries control cablesfrom the machine baseplate to the console (D). Gas storage and piping equipment for the insulating tank gas willbe installed in the vault.A stairway leads down to the target room, which occupies the area below all of the upper floor rooms plus a short extension to the west.The target room willcontain all of the beam handling system as well as the experimental areas. A wide door on the lower floor allows access forlarge equipment. A corner of the room houses a shielded neutron irradiation source for use in student experiments.127Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44 [1990], Art. 35Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1990Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44, 1990128Arkansas Academy of ScienceFigure 2. U.C.A. Accelerator Area-lower floorFigure 1. U.C.A. Accelerator Area- upper floorThe dashed outline denoted (E) in Fig. 2 represents an extension of the target room below floor level. This region is designed for futureuse as a neutron irradiation area; the floor of the target room in this area is heavily shielded. The remainder of the neutron area is approximately6.1 m below outside ground level and consequently wellshielded. This region willallow experiments that produce relatively high radiation exposuresto be conducted. This area is also part of the interlocked safety system.The beam line components and other equipment shown in Fig. 2 will be mentioned at the appropriate points in the discussion of the ac-celerator installation which follows.The machine itself was originally a long column 2.5 MV electron accelerator; the reduction of the column in length provided room for theinstallation of a positive terminal; this was a common modification of the series. The machine arrived at our school with all of the major com-ponents, i.e., console, base assembly, column, accelerating tube, and drive and cooling systems, essentially intact and in good condition.Considering the usual financial and time constraints, the work on installation has progressed well. A substantial amount of time went intobasic mechanical installation of the base and column assemblies. The machine was in place and assembled within a year and console wiring waslargely inplace; belt drive and charging systems were installed and tested. Console functions relating to basic machine operation were wired and checked.Our use of the accelerator willbe entirely with positive ion beams. As the accelerator was originally designed for electron beams, we hadto provide a positive potential terminal and an ion source. The construction of these items took place after the main components were in place.The terminal supports and powers various power supplies necessary to operate the ion source, which is a conventional RF bottle source that pro-duces a beam of very low energy ions by electron stripping in a high frequency electric field and concentration by an axial magnetic field. Theprimary use of this machine willinvolve the production of proton beams. The ion source gas handling system will allow the changeover of sourcegas without disruption of tank pressure or source vacuum.As the terminal and ion source are at high potential relative to the baseplate, ion source parameters such as pressure, extraction voltage,and beam focus voltage are controlled by insulating rods extending up through the column. Stepper motors drive these rods. The controllers forthe motors were designed and built in the lab; the console controls for these were installed and the ion source was tested for basic operation.Subsequent and recent work has been devoted primarily to the beam handling system. The beam system exits the accelerator downward intoa 4 inch beam line. This line also contains the first of what willbe several vacuum pump stations. The tube and beam line vacuum currently isbeing maintained by a conventional oildiffusion pump; the system has not been rigorously sealed nor leak-chased at this point as there are beamline modifications to be made in the near future.The downgoing beam line terminates at the entrance port of a 90° bending magnet (F in Fig. 2). This magnet holds a pair of large watercooled coils oneither side of a beam line segment, producing a horizontal magnetic field. This has the effect of turning the beam into the horizontaldirection where it exits the magnet about 0.9 m above the floor level. This is the extent of the existing beam line. The construction of concretesupport pillars and positioning equipment for the substantial burden of the magnet has been completed during the past few months.Immediate plans include the installation of the bending magnet power supply and its associated plumbing and wiring. The remaining stepsnecessary to test the accelerator for beam production willbe completed during the remainder of the spring and summer of this year. The shortrange aim is to have basic beam production and transport from the accelerator at nearly the design energy of 2.5 MeV by the end of summer 1990.Figure 2 also shows the major items remaining to be designed, built, and installed. Some of these items are commercially produced, but themajority of the beam line and vacuum system will be constructed in the lab.The beam will continue from the exit port of the first magnet through a beam line section which will also contain another vacuum pumpstation. From this section it willenter another magnet (G), the switching magnet, which will steer the beam into one of 3 beam lines leading to3 experimental stations. This will allow several experimental setups to use the accelerator without conflict. The layout of these lines was dictatedby both the fixed exit angles of the switch magnet and the support posts for the shield wall above. Each of these beam lines will terminate in ascattering chamber (H) in which beam particles interact with the target and in which detectors are mounted to detect the products of the resultingreactions. A third vacuum pump station is planned for the scattering chamber area.128Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44 [1990], Art. 35https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol44/iss1/35Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44, 1990129General NotesExtensive work remains to be done in a number ofareas in the lab. Foremost among these after the basic accelerator functions are establishedare design and construction of equipment to measure and regulate the beam energy with precision. Other necessary projects include improvementsto the vacuum system and its gauging capabilities, beam focussing and diagnostic equipment and electronics, and target chamber design.Insummary, a positive ion accelerator is being installed at the University of Central Arkansas. The major hurdles involved in the machineinstallation and checkout have been passed, and basic beam production is expected in the relatively near future. This laboratory willenable thephysics department to offer its students valuable experience with experimental techniques and procedures in a research environment not commonlyfound in our type of institution.JACK GAISER and HAROLD PRA Y, Physics Department, University ofCentral Arkansas, Conway, AR 72032.A SYNOPSIS OF THE BELOSTOMATIDAE OF ARKANSASThere have been no studies treating specifically of the Belostomatidae ofArkansas. Pertinent information is either in taxonomic studies whichinclude Arkansas material (Menke, 1958; 1963) or lists of aquatic macroinvertebrates from particular sites within the state (Harp and Harp, 1980;Farris and Harp, 1982; Huggins and Harp, 1983). The purposes of this paper are to present the first statewide species list, to delineate geographicdistributions, and to define preferred habitats for belostomatid species, insofar as present knowledge will allow. Arkansas species may be identifiedby using Gonsoulin's (1973) key to Louisiana species.Most information presented has been compiled from specimens in the ASU Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Museum; however holdings of theASU Entomological Museum, and UA-Fayetteville Museum, and UA-LittleRock Entomological Museum were examined, and literature recordsare included. Finally, 2 collecting trips were made to south and central Arkansas counties to diminish distributional gaps in the data.Belostoma lutarium (Stal) was first reported from Arkansas by Menke (1958). Itis our most common species ofFJelostoma, being representedfrom 278 collections in 51 counties (Fig. 1). Froeschner (1962) listed only one Missouri specimen but suggested it should occur widely in the state.Gonsoulin (1973) reported this as the most common species of the genus in Louisiana, being found in all aquatic habitats in the state. Wilson(1958) stated that this species was very common in Mississippi, being collected in shallow brackish pools and stock ponds filled with submergedand emergent vegetation. This species occurs in all aquatic habitats in Arkansas, in all physiographic provinces; however, it was most often col-lected in lowland ponds, streams, and lakes, and in ditches and bayous within the Mississippi Embayment, the GulfCoastal Plain and Crowley'sRidge. The Louisiana collections include specimens captured during all months except February, May, September and December; the Missourispecimen was collected in July; the Mississippi bugs were collected March-November (Wilson, 1958; Froeschner, 1962; Gonsoulin, 1973). InArkan-sas this species has been taken inall months of the year.Belostoma flumineum Say has not been reported previously from the state. Ithas been taken in 48 collections in 15 counties in Arkansas(Fig. 2). This is the most common species of the genus in the United States (Gonsoulin, 1973). Ithas been found year round in Missouri (Froeschner,1962) and is expected to occur throughout the state. Itranks far behind B. lutarium in distribution in Louisiana with collections in March andJuly from sluggish streams or marsh areas withabundant aquatic vegetation (Gonsoulin, 1973). Wilson (1958) reported this species from stagnantwaters inMississippi. The Arkansas specimens were collected every month except December and in 3 physiographic provinces, the Ozarks, MississippiEmbayment and Crowley's Ridge. Approximately one-half were collected from Ozark streams and one-third from lowland ponds. They alsooccurred in Ozark ponds and lakes and lowland streams.Belostoma testaceum (Leidy), not previously reported from Arkansas, was taken in 13 collections in 10 counties (Fig. 3). This species hasa fairly wide distribution in Louisiana and was found in June, August, October and November (Gonsoulin, 1973). One specimen was taken inMississippi from a shallow, shaded pool in a dense swamp (Wilson, 1958). Though not reported from Missouri, itis expected to occur there (Froeschner,1962). Habitat was not recorded in previous studies (Foreschner, 1962; Gonsoulin, 1973). In Arkansas this species (collected March, April, June,September, October, November, December) was most often found in lowland ponds and rivers, roadside ditches and swamps in the MississippiEmbayment and Crowley's Ridge.Huggins and Harp (1983) first reported Belostoma fusciventre (Dufour) from Arkansas. Itis the least common belostomatid in the state,occurring in only 2 collections from 2 counties (Fig. 4). Gonsoulin (1973) recorded a large range extension for this species, which had previouslybeen documented from southern Texas and southeastern Arizona; however, itis not found on the Missouri list (Froeschner, 1962). Habitats fromwhich this species was taken are a lowland creek in the Ouachitas (Arkansas River Valley) and a lowland pond in the Gulf Coastal Plain, bothof which appeared to have good quality water. In Louisiana this species was taken in July, August and October; in Arkansas, it was collectedin July and November.Figure 1. B. lutarium Figure 2. B. flumineum Figure 3. B. testaceum129Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44 [1990], Art. 35Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1990

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Status of the Accelerator Project at UCA

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 44 Article 351990Status of the Accelerator Project at UCAJack GaiserUniversity of Central ArkansasHarold L. PrayUniversity of Central ArkansasFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Physics CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact ccmiddle@uark.edu, drowens@uark.edu,scholar@uark.edu.Recommended CitationGaiser, Jack and Pray, Harold L. (1990) "Status of the Accelerator Project at UCA," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 44 ,Article 35.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol44/iss1/35Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44, 1990 127General Notes—Essentially all spa areas were found to be well within acceptable radiation exposure limits.—Radon and daughters comprise essentially all of the radioactivity present in the park.—Dried up springs no longer emit gamma rays. The presence of water is evidently necessary for gamma emissions to exist.Table 5. PIC Reading Over Hatch Covers - Before and After OpeningyR h'1Spring Before Hatch After Hatcha 48 hoursNumber Removal Replacement Later5. 133 65 1367. 189 b 1908. 151 55 161Table 6. PIC Measurements at Spring Hatch Covers Across TimeSpring NumberDate //5 11/ IIHiR h"1July 1987 1V2 185Oct 1987 lit. 16 1Nov 1987 119 171Feb 1988 I1') 158a Spring was opened to ambient atmosphere for one hour beforereplacing hatch cover. Apr 1988 122 16/.Hatch not removed. May 1988 L33 18<) 151May 1988 136 I'll) 16]No reading takenLITERATURE CITEDBEDINGER, M.S., F.J. PEARSON, JR., J.E. REED, R.T.SNIEGOCKI, and C.G. STONE. 1979. The waters of Hot SpringsNational Park, Arkansas -their nature and origin.U.S. Dept. In-terior, Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044-C:4-25.HANOR, J.S. 1980. Fire in folded rocks. Eastern National Park andMonument Association. 42 pp.KURODA, P.K. 1953. Radioactivity tables of some natural waters.University ofArkansas Institute of Science and Technology. 58 pp.GRAY, D. and S. WINDHAM. 1987. EERF standard operatingprocedures for radon-222 measurement using charcoal canisters.USEPA. 30 pp.RONCA-BATTISTA, M. and P. MAGNO. 1988. Standard measure-ment techniques for indoor Rn-222 measurements. Health Physics.55:67-69.C.E. EPPERSON and N.R. RHODES, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College ofPharmacy, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock,AR 72205.STATUS OF THE ACCELERATOR PROJECT AT U.C.A.A 2.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator is being installed in a new facility at the University of Central Arkansas. The accelerator and someancillary hardware was donated to the school approximately 10 years ago, while the area in the building became available almost 4 years ago.The accelerator itself is one of many variants in a series produced by High Voltage Engineering Corporation. Builtin the late 1950's, it haspassed through several institutional hands in the interim, but has acquired relatively little actual running time. It was originally intended for usewitha negative terminal potential to accelerate electrons, as part ofan industrial X-ray system. Our use for the machine has required a conversiontopositive terminal operation to produce positive ion beams. Amore detailed discussion of these modifications and the installation to date appears below.The laboratory housing the accelerator was designed expressly for that purpose as part of an addition to the science building completed in1986. Itconsists of 4 rooms on the main (upper) floor of the building and one large room below them. Figure 1 shows a plan view of the upperfloor area and Fig. 2 shows the lower room.InFig. 1 we see 2 primary rooms, the control room and the accelerator vault. The control room is outside the curved shield wall of the vault;it houses the control console for the machine as well as providing space for data acquisition equipment. The 2 smaller rooms to the left of thevault will provide office and research area to faculty and students using the machine.The accelerator vault is 7.9 m in diameter and is enclosed by a high density concrete radiation shield wall; this room and the entire lowerroom, equally shielded, constitute the high radiation area of the laboratory. This area is protected against entry when radiation may be producedby a system of interlocks on all entrances.The accelerator is mounted vertically at the vault center so that the beam will immediately exit into the target room below. The machine'sbaseplate (A) is shown in Fig. 1, and is approximately 1.2 m square. The accelerator pressure tank stands roughly 2.4 m high and is removed andinstalled with an overhead track crane. A floor slot (B) allows crane access to the target room below. A large conduit (C) carries control cablesfrom the machine baseplate to the console (D). Gas storage and piping equipment for the insulating tank gas willbe installed in the vault.A stairway leads down to the target room, which occupies the area below all of the upper floor rooms plus a short extension to the west.The target room willcontain all of the beam handling system as well as the experimental areas. A wide door on the lower floor allows access forlarge equipment. A corner of the room houses a shielded neutron irradiation source for use in student experiments.127Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44 [1990], Art. 35Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1990Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44, 1990128Arkansas Academy of ScienceFigure 2. U.C.A. Accelerator Area - lower floorFigure 1. U.C.A. Accelerator Area - upper floorThe dashed outline denoted (E) in Fig. 2 represents an extension of the target room below floor level. This region is designed for futureuse as a neutron irradiation area; the floor of the target room in this area is heavily shielded. The remainder of the neutron area is approximately6.1 m below outside ground level and consequently wellshielded. This region willallow experiments that produce relatively high radiation exposuresto be conducted. This area is also part of the interlocked safety system.The beam line components and other equipment shown in Fig. 2 will be mentioned at the appropriate points in the discussion of the ac-celerator installation which follows.The machine itself was originally a long column 2.5 MV electron accelerator; the reduction of the column in length provided room for theinstallation of a positive terminal; this was a common modification of the series. The machine arrived at our school with all of the major com-ponents, i.e., console, base assembly, column, accelerating tube, and drive and cooling systems, essentially intact and in good condition.Considering the usual financial and time constraints, the work on installation has progressed well. A substantial amount of time went intobasic mechanical installation of the base and column assemblies. The machine was in place and assembled within a year and console wiring waslargely inplace; belt drive and charging systems were installed and tested. Console functions relating to basic machine operation were wired and checked.Our use of the accelerator willbe entirely with positive ion beams. As the accelerator was originally designed for electron beams, we hadto provide a positive potential terminal and an ion source. The construction of these items took place after the main components were in place.The terminal supports and powers various power supplies necessary to operate the ion source, which is a conventional RF bottle source that pro-duces a beam of very low energy ions by electron stripping in a high frequency electric field and concentration by an axial magnetic field. Theprimary use of this machine willinvolve the production of proton beams. The ion source gas handling system will allow the changeover of sourcegas without disruption of tank pressure or source vacuum.As the terminal and ion source are at high potential relative to the baseplate, ion source parameters such as pressure, extraction voltage,and beam focus voltage are controlled by insulating rods extending up through the column. Stepper motors drive these rods. The controllers forthe motors were designed and built in the lab; the console controls for these were installed and the ion source was tested for basic operation.Subsequent and recent work has been devoted primarily to the beam handling system. The beam system exits the accelerator downward intoa 4 inch beam line. This line also contains the first of what willbe several vacuum pump stations. The tube and beam line vacuum currently isbeing maintained by a conventional oildiffusion pump; the system has not been rigorously sealed nor leak-chased at this point as there are beamline modifications to be made in the near future.The downgoing beam line terminates at the entrance port of a 90° bending magnet (F in Fig. 2). This magnet holds a pair of large watercooled coils oneither side of a beam line segment, producing a horizontal magnetic field. This has the effect of turning the beam into the horizontaldirection where it exits the magnet about 0.9 m above the floor level. This is the extent of the existing beam line. The construction of concretesupport pillars and positioning equipment for the substantial burden of the magnet has been completed during the past few months.Immediate plans include the installation of the bending magnet power supply and its associated plumbing and wiring. The remaining stepsnecessary to test the accelerator for beam production willbe completed during the remainder of the spring and summer of this year. The shortrange aim is to have basic beam production and transport from the accelerator at nearly the design energy of 2.5 MeV by the end of summer 1990.Figure 2 also shows the major items remaining to be designed, built, and installed. Some of these items are commercially produced, but themajority of the beam line and vacuum system will be constructed in the lab.The beam will continue from the exit port of the first magnet through a beam line section which will also contain another vacuum pumpstation. From this section it willenter another magnet (G), the switching magnet, which will steer the beam into one of 3 beam lines leading to3 experimental stations. This will allow several experimental setups to use the accelerator without conflict. The layout of these lines was dictatedby both the fixed exit angles of the switch magnet and the support posts for the shield wall above. Each of these beam lines will terminate in ascattering chamber (H) in which beam particles interact with the target and in which detectors are mounted to detect the products of the resultingreactions. A third vacuum pump station is planned for the scattering chamber area.128Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44 [1990], Art. 35http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol44/iss1/35Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44, 1990129General NotesExtensive work remains to be done in a number ofareas in the lab. Foremost among these after the basic accelerator functions are establishedare design and construction of equipment to measure and regulate the beam energy with precision. Other necessary projects include improvementsto the vacuum system and its gauging capabilities, beam focussing and diagnostic equipment and electronics, and target chamber design.Insummary, a positive ion accelerator is being installed at the University of Central Arkansas. The major hurdles involved in the machineinstallation and checkout have been passed, and basic beam production is expected in the relatively near future. This laboratory willenable thephysics department to offer its students valuable experience with experimental techniques and procedures in a research environment not commonlyfound in our type of institution.JACK GAISER and HAROLD PRA Y, Physics Department, University ofCentral Arkansas, Conway, AR 72032.A SYNOPSIS OF THE BELOSTOMATIDAE OF ARKANSASThere have been no studies treating specifically of the Belostomatidae ofArkansas. Pertinent information is either in taxonomic studies whichinclude Arkansas material (Menke, 1958; 1963) or lists of aquatic macroinvertebrates from particular sites within the state (Harp and Harp, 1980;Farris and Harp, 1982; Huggins and Harp, 1983). The purposes of this paper are to present the first statewide species list, to delineate geographicdistributions, and to define preferred habitats for belostomatid species, insofar as present knowledge will allow. Arkansas species may be identifiedby using Gonsoulin's (1973) key to Louisiana species.Most information presented has been compiled from specimens in the ASU Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Museum; however holdings of theASU Entomological Museum, and UA-Fayetteville Museum, and UA-LittleRock Entomological Museum were examined, and literature recordsare included. Finally, 2 collecting trips were made to south and central Arkansas counties to diminish distributional gaps in the data.Belostoma lutarium (Stal) was first reported from Arkansas by Menke (1958). Itis our most common species ofFJelostoma, being representedfrom 278 collections in 51 counties (Fig. 1). Froeschner (1962) listed only one Missouri specimen but suggested it should occur widely in the state.Gonsoulin (1973) reported this as the most common species of the genus in Louisiana, being found in all aquatic habitats in the state. Wilson(1958) stated that this species was very common in Mississippi, being collected in shallow brackish pools and stock ponds filled with submergedand emergent vegetation. This species occurs in all aquatic habitats in Arkansas, in all physiographic provinces; however, it was most often col-lected in lowland ponds, streams, and lakes, and in ditches and bayous within the Mississippi Embayment, the GulfCoastal Plain and Crowley'sRidge. The Louisiana collections include specimens captured during all months except February, May, September and December; the Missourispecimen was collected in July; the Mississippi bugs were collected March-November (Wilson, 1958; Froeschner, 1962; Gonsoulin, 1973). InArkan-sas this species has been taken inall months of the year.Belostoma flumineum Say has not been reported previously from the state. Ithas been taken in 48 collections in 15 counties in Arkansas(Fig. 2). This is the most common species of the genus in the United States (Gonsoulin, 1973). Ithas been found year round in Missouri (Froeschner,1962) and is expected to occur throughout the state. Itranks far behind B. lutarium in distribution in Louisiana with collections in March andJuly from sluggish streams or marsh areas withabundant aquatic vegetation (Gonsoulin, 1973). Wilson (1958) reported this species from stagnantwaters inMississippi. The Arkansas specimens were collected every month except December and in 3 physiographic provinces, the Ozarks, MississippiEmbayment and Crowley's Ridge. Approximately one-half were collected from Ozark streams and one-third from lowland ponds. They alsooccurred in Ozark ponds and lakes and lowland streams.Belostoma testaceum (Leidy), not previously reported from Arkansas, was taken in 13 collections in 10 counties (Fig. 3). This species hasa fairly wide distribution in Louisiana and was found in June, August, October and November (Gonsoulin, 1973). One specimen was taken inMississippi from a shallow, shaded pool in a dense swamp (Wilson, 1958). Though not reported from Missouri, itis expected to occur there (Froeschner,1962). Habitat was not recorded in previous studies (Foreschner, 1962; Gonsoulin, 1973). In Arkansas this species (collected March, April, June,September, October, November, December) was most often found in lowland ponds and rivers, roadside ditches and swamps in the MississippiEmbayment and Crowley's Ridge.Huggins and Harp (1983) first reported Belostoma fusciventre (Dufour) from Arkansas. Itis the least common belostomatid in the state,occurring in only 2 collections from 2 counties (Fig. 4). Gonsoulin (1973) recorded a large range extension for this species, which had previouslybeen documented from southern Texas and southeastern Arizona; however, itis not found on the Missouri list (Froeschner, 1962). Habitats fromwhich this species was taken are a lowland creek in the Ouachitas (Arkansas River Valley) and a lowland pond in the Gulf Coastal Plain, bothof which appeared to have good quality water. In Louisiana this species was taken in July, August and October; in Arkansas, it was collectedin July and November.Figure 1. B. lutarium Figure 2. B. flumineum Figure 3. B. testaceum129Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 44 [1990], Art. 35Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1990

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