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Swarthmore CollegeWorksHistory Faculty Works History3-1-2009Review Of "The Limits Of Loyalty: ImperialSymbolism, Popular Allegiances, And StatePatriotism In The Late Habsburg Monarchy (Vol.9)" Written And Edited By L. Cole And Edited ByD. UnowskyPieter M. Judson , '78Swarthmore College, pjudson1@swarthmore.eduFollow this and additional works at: http://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-historyPart of the History CommonsThis Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Works by anauthorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact myworks@swarthmore.edu.Recommended CitationPieter M. Judson , '78. (2009). "Review Of "The Limits Of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, And State Patriotism InThe Late Habsburg Monarchy (Vol. 9)" Written And Edited By L. Cole And Edited By D. Unowsky". Central European History. Volume42, Issue 1. 152-154.http://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-history/70Conference Group for Central European History of the American HistoricalAssociationThe Limits of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, and State Patriotism in theLate Habsburg Monarchy. Vol. 9 by Laurence Cole; Daniel UnowskyReview by: Pieter M. JudsonCentral European History, Vol. 42, No. 1 (Mar., 2009), pp. 152-154Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of Conference Group for Central EuropeanHistory of the American Historical AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20457432 .Accessed: 16/09/2014 14:18Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp .JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. .Cambridge University Press and Conference Group for Central European History of the American HistoricalAssociation are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Central European History.http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.58.65.11 on Tue, 16 Sep 2014 14:18:59 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions152 BOOK REVIEWS further for their preaching that the native population should recognize and accept the ruling authority of the European colonial powers. Despite the absence of theory in the book, I strongly recommend it to post-colonial scholars as well as other interested Africanists since the research is truly impressive, and Harries comes to a number of conclusions that post colonialists will recognize as similar to their own. This is particularly true of the chapter where he contrasts the local attitude toward nature with that of the missionaries. KENNETH BARKIN UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE doi: 10. 1017/S0008938909000090 The Limits of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, and State Patriotism in the Late Habsburg Monarchy. Edited by Laurence Cole and Daniel Unowsky. Austrian and Habsburg Studies, vol. 9. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books. 2007. Pp. x + 246. Cloth $90.00. ISBN 13: 978-1-84545-202-5. In the past twenty-five years, historians of the Habsburg Monarchy quietly created a revolution that overturned the most important certainties in their field and forced scholars to revise their fundamental presumptions about society and politics in Austria-Hungary. Two historians whose books contrib uted to the revolution, Laurence Cole and Daniel Unowsky, have combined forces to produce a collection of essays that explores the character and quality of popular allegiances in the Habsburg Monarchy. The book examines the elas ticity and situational nature of loyalty to state and nation among the citizens of Austria-Hungary, documenting the diverse ways in which dynasts and national ists exploited each other's popularity to produce mutually reinforcing loyalties among those citizens. My one complaint about this otherwise splendid volume is that the book's title implies that patriotic commitment somehow remained in short supply, when in fact this collection proves the opposite to have been the case. The essays in this volume demolish imagined oppositions between nationalist commitment on the one hand and loyalty to the state or dynasty on the other. The idea that nationalism and patriotism had been mutually exclusive was largely a product of nationalist triumphalism in the successor states. Sociologist Oskar Jaszi (by no means a triumphalist!) framed this opposition memorably for schol ars in terms of "centrifugal" and "centripetal" forces. Jaszi viewed nationalism as the primary centrifugal force tearing the Monarchy apart, and he ranged dynasty, church, army, and bureaucracy against it as beleaguered centripetal This content downloaded from 130.58.65.11 on Tue, 16 Sep 2014 14:18:59 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and ConditionsBOOK REVIEWS 153 forces desperately trying to hold it together. For more than half a century this dichotomy constituted the foundation for historical studies of Austria Hungary. Each author in this volume demonstrates several complex ways in which nationalist movements and dynastic loyalty actually reinforced each other and even depended on each other for coherence and popular appeal. Some authors examine institutional mechanisms through which the state sought to inspire popular loyalty, while most examine the ways in which state and nationalists attempted to attach popular significance to symbols and historic figures. Ernst Bruckmiiller surveys both the patriotic and nationalist myths that appeared in grade-school readers in several regions of the Monarchy, offering a sophisticated analysis of their content while simultaneously explaining the process by which school boards chose textbooks and authors produced them. Laurence Cole analyzes popular patriotism among Austrian military veterans, revealing the effective ideological links between the state and a social movement that mobilized thousands of men for charitable, social, and patriotic purposes. Cole's study of veterans' associations in the Trentino region of Tyrol demon strates the ways in which veterans asserted their own importance to local society precisely as representatives of the Imperial order. Italian-speaking veter ans of the Trentino, according to Cole, largely rejected the activism of local Italian nationalist associations even as they asserted their right to organize specifically Italian-speaking clubs separate from German-language veterans' associations in other parts of the Tyrol. Nancy Wingfield analyzes the different political agendas to which various parties attempted to link Habsburg Emperor Joseph II. Was he liberator of an en-serfed peasantry or emancipator of the Jews, or an alleged proponent of German nationalism in the Bohemian lands? Hugh Agnew ably traces the changing meanings for Bohemian political parties between 1867 and 1914 of the idea of crowning Franz Josef King of Bohemia. Alice Freifeld perceptively explores Empress Elizabeth's role as Queen of Hungary. From her dress to her residences and her choice of society, Elizabeth signaled to the public her sympathy for the Hungarian nation. This made her an extremely useful figure to her husband as he sought to reconcile Hungary to Habsburg rule in the 1850s and to negotiate the Com promise of 1867. This also made her a useful symbol for Hungarian nationalists to exploit as well. Daniel Unowsky's essay on Franz Josef's state visit to Galicia in 1880 elucidates the ways in which nationalist movements and the Imperial court used and exploited each other to build popularity for their causes. In this par ticular case, Polish and Ruthene activists attempted to use the Emperor's visit to legitimize their rival nationalist projects. Using his own participation in cer emonies planned by each group, the Emperor appears to have made himself into an indispensable symbolic focus of both Polish and Ruthene nationalism. Sarah Kent's essay examines protests by law students in Zagreb during a state visit by This content downloaded from 130.58.65.11 on Tue, 16 Sep 2014 14:18:59 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions154 BOOK REVIEWS FranzJosef to the Croatian capital in 1895. During the course of the King's visit, the students gathered to set a Hungarian flag on fire while shouting, "Long live the Croatian King!" Afterward they sent a laurel wreath to Franz Josef with an inscription commemorating his visit and protesting against the "tyranny" of the Magyars. Of course, Franz Josef was not only King of Croatia, but also King of Hungary, and the detested viceroy of Croatia, Count Karl Khuen-Hedervary, was also his most loyal servant. Two other excellent essays approach these questions from radically different positions. Alon Rachamimov examines legendary Jewish loyalty to the state through the example of writer Avigdor Hameiri (1890-1970). Going well beyond traditional tropes about the loyalty of Habsburg Jews, Rachamimov interrogates the character and quality of that loyalty over time, making loyalty into a multi-dimensional and situational attribute. Christiane Wolf's essay pro vides a helpful comparison of the ways that Queen Victoria of England, Wilhelm II of Germany, and FranzJoseph each represented constitutional mon archy. Noting that the elevation of the people's feelings for their ruler made Franz Josef a critical condition of society's stability, she also questions, however, whether this function could have been transferred to another Habsburg. As the nineteenth century drew to a close, nationalist movements in Austria Hungary often made patriotism or devotion to the dynasty into a forum for nationalist competition. Even when Czech nationalists withdrew from the cel ebrations of Franz Josef's sixtieth jubilee in Vienna in 1908, for example, they nevertheless competed with German nationalists in Bohemia to raise money for the Emperor's charities or to demonstrate Czech loyalty during Imperial visits. This is a critical phenomenon that historians miss as long as they view the history of the Monarchy in terms of an opposition between nationalist com mitment and loyalty to the state. The essays in this volume offer scholars several fine theoretical alternatives for pursuing new narratives about Austro-Hungarian society. PIETER M. JUDSON SWARTHMORE COLLEGE doi: 10. 1017/S0008938909000107 Die Einbiirgerungspraxis im Deutschen Reich 1871-1945. By Oliver Trevisiol. Gottingen: V&R unipress. 2006. Pp. 237. Cloth ?38.90. ISBN 3-89971-303-6. This is a fine book about the practice of naturalization in a succession of German states. Trevisiol finds a significant gap in our knowledge about citizenship, This content downloaded from 130.58.65.11 on Tue, 16 Sep 2014 14:18:59 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Review Of  The Limits Of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, And State Patriotism In The Late Habsburg Monarchy (Vol. 9)  Written And Edited By L. Cole And Edited By D. Unowsky

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Review Of The Limits Of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, And State Patriotism In The Late Habsburg Monarchy (Vol. 9) Written And Edited By L. Cole And Edited By D. Unowsky

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