Blackie, J.R.

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Institute ofHydrologyNatural Environment Research Councilr-NaturalEnvironmentResearchCouncilINSTRUMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR• THE RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENTPROJECT: CHILEJ. R. Blackie••••Institute of HydrologyCrowmarsh GiffordWallingfordOxfordshireOXIO 8BBUKTel: 01491 838800Fax: 01491 692424Telex: 444293 ENVRE G January 1995••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••INSTRUMENTREQUIREMENTSfor the• RIVERBASINMANAGEMENTPROJECT:CHILE1. INSTRUMENTATIONIn the Project Document a provisional list of instrumentation for the focus basin and gullystudy components of the Project was included, with the proviso that the final instrumentationrequirements would be dictated to some extent by the choice of the basins to be used.Considerable progress was made towards identifying the basins during the visit to Chile inSeptember 1994 by J. Bathurst from Newcastle and J. R. Blackie from the Institute ofHydrology. On that basis the following items have been identified as definite requirements.It should be noted however that requirements for some additional items may still be identifiedonce the final site choices have been made and the surveys done.Two separate lists have been made to cover the CONAF and La Serena requirements. Manyitems occur in both lists. For purchasing purposes the lists should be combined. This maygive some cost savings but, more importantly, it will ensure that there is a base level ofidentical equipment common to all sites. This helps to ensure comparability of data betweensites and will effect cost and time savings in training, operational and maintenanceprocedures. It also gives a degree of flexibility in the disposition of the instrumentation.Included in the CONAF list is a neutron probe soil moisture meter. This instrument is in factto be purchased for the Austral University of Chile at Valdivia. They have staff who arefamiliar with this potentially hazardous equipment and the specialist storage, transport andfield techniques it requires. Whilst they will be the main users, it will be made available forsoil moisturtsampling work on the CONAF basins in the area under their supervision.In the CONAF and La Serena lists (sections 2. and 3.) the type of instrument and thenumbers required are given. In section 4. a brief specification of each instrument, in termsof what it is required to do, is given. In a number of cases names of known suppliers arequoted. These are given simply to indicate possible sources and should not be regarded asimplying that they should be used.An exception to this occurs in specifying the loggers to be incorporated in the water levelrecorders, the automatic weather stations and the suspended sediment monitoring stations.It makes obvious good sense to use the same type of logger in each of these installations sothat common programming, downloading and data handling software, hardware and fieldprocedures can be adopted. The logger specified, the Campbell Scientific CR10, is knownto have the flexibility to meet the requirements and its reliability has leadto its widespreaduse throughout the world.•,•2. INSTRUMENTREQUIREMENTSFOR THE CONAF FOCUSBASINS(2 basins in Region X near Valdivia and a third basin, probably in Region VIII in theContulmo area)To be urch ed in UK•3 streamflow recorders3 automatic weather stations3 rainfall event recorders3 suspended sediment monitoring stations4 manual suspended sediment samplers2 bedload samplers0 2 capacitance probe soil moisture meters (surface type)1 neutron probe soil moisture meter ( for Austral Univ., Valdivia. See Section 1.)1 access tube installation system for the above30 m,say, of access tubing for the above2 current meters c/w wading gauging equipment0 2 survey levels c/w tripod, staff and 50 m survey tape2 infiltrometers2 Guelph permeameters3 well dippers for groundwater monitoring (10 m length)2 shear vanes2 soil augers (4 x 1 m handle sections) c/w selection of heads2 logger keyboard/display units3 logger storage module/downloading units2 sets logger softwareT be rch d local! in Chile9 manually read raingaugesTubing for groundwater observation wells(lengths, material and internal diameter to be decided on each site according to localconditions)•3. INSTRUMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LA SERENA GULLY STUDYTo be urch in UK3 streamflow recorders2 automatic weather stations111 3 rainfall event recorders3 suspended sediment monitoring stations2 manual suspended sediment samplers1 bedload sampler2 capacitance probe soil moisture meter (surface type)1 current meter c/w wading gauging equipment1 set surveying equipment ( total station c/w EDM)1 infiltrometer1 Guelph permeameter1 shear vane0 1 soil auger (4 x 1 m handle sections) c/w selection of heads1 set soil sieves0 3 well dippers for groundwater monitoring ( 10 m length)1 logger keyboard/display unit2 logger storage module/downloading units1 set logger software1 SLR camera and tripod1 portable PC2 portable radios•• To be urchas d locall in Chile•6 manually read raingaugesTubing for groundwater observation wells(lengths, material and internal diameter to be decided according to localconditions)0,4. INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONSSince the users of these instruments are not specialists the emphasis shouldbe on identifyingreliable, robust, user friendly equipment. Where relevant potential suppliersshould be askedif they will provide training in the use of the equipment for the future users while they arein UK.Where specialist batteries are required at least one set of spares shouldbe included. Wherebattery chargers are required, or are an integral part of the instrument, these must becompatible with the Chilean electricity supply.4.1 Streamflow recorders (6)These are required to be mounted on stilling wells incorporated in the gauging structures ateach basin outfall.Each should consist of a float driven potentiometric water level sensor capable of ± 1 mmdiscrimination feeding to a CRIO logger, c/w rechargeable battery and solarpanel. The CRIO111 is specified since it can be programmed to compute and store 15 min mean flows from thecontinuous readings of water level using the structure rating. For checking and otherpurposes it can also be programmed to log spot water level values at 5min. intervals.Possible suppliers:Didcot Instruments, Environmental Instruments,4.2 Automatic weather stations (5)These are required to sense and record the meteorological parameters necessary to computeestimates of potential evaporation.•Each should consist of a robust but easily transportable and erectable superstructureon whichare mounted the following sensors:Screen dry bulb and wet bulb temperaturesGlobal radiationNet radiationWindspeed111 Wind directionII Atmospheric pressureRainfallThe sensors should feed to a CRIO logger, complete with rechargeable battery and solarpanel, programmed to produce and log hourly mean values of each of the variables and tocompute daily values of Penman potential evaporation.Possible suppliers:Didcot Instruments, Environmental Instruments, Campbell Scientific,4O.4.3 Rainfall event recorde (6)Tipping bucket type raingauges, with 0.2 mm tips and plug-in logging modules which canrecord either the time of each tip or the number of tips in a specified time. Depending ontype, either 3 spare modules or 3 downloading units will be required so that the gaugesremain continuously in operation. Suitable interfacing and software for transferring the datato a PC will also be required , 2 sets for CONAF and 1 for La Serena.Possible suppliers:Didcot Instruments, Environmental Instruments, Casella4.4 Sus nded sediment monitorin stations (6)These stations are intended to produce near continuous records of suspended sedimentconcentration in selected reaches near the outfalls of each basin, especially over storm eventsof several hours to a few days.Each shall consist of :programmable automatic liquid sampler with a 24 x 500 ml sample bottle array.pair turbidity sensors, one nephelometric and one absorptiometric.pressure transducer to monitor river water level, 2 m range, ± 1 mm discriminationCampbell CR10 logger c/w weatherproof enclosure, 12 V rechargeable battery andsolar panel which can be programmed to control the operation of, and store datafrom, each of the above.•Possible suppliers:Montec International (Epic) or Greenworld Instruments (Isco) for the samplersExcalibur Environmental for turbidity metersDruck for pressure transducersor Institute of Hydrology for complete stations•4.5 Manual sus ended sediment sam lers (6)•USGS type wading rod mounted depth integrating samplers.4.6 Bedload sam lers (3)Helley -Smith type pressure difference portable bedload sampler with 150 mm squarenozzle. The sole maker of this type of sampler in UK is:AJ InstrumentsHafan Garden SuburbLlanidloesPowys1• 10 11•0.4.7 Ca acitance soil moisture meters (4)The requirement is to measure rapidly surface (to 10 cm depth) soil moisturecontent at manypoints within the experimental sites. For this purpose the Surface Capacitance Probedeveloped by the Institute of Hydrology is the only known method currently available.•Institute of HydrologyCrowmarsh GiffordWallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB•4.8 Neutron soil moisture meter (1)This instrument is required to measure changes in volumetric soil moisturecontents over therooting depths of the vegetation types in the basins.• The requirement is for the meter complete with transport case plus a set of access tubeinstallation equipment and , say, up to 30 m of duralumin access tubing.It may be more cost effective to acquire the access tubing locally in Chile.•Possible suppliers:Didcot Instruments, Troxler (USA)•4.9 Current meters (3)The requirement is for a wading gauging kit for use in obtaining stream velocity profiles insmall streams, with flow depths typically in the range 0.1 - 1.0 m, for the constructionand/or checking of structure ratings.Each set should consist of a small mechanical type current meter, a control display unit, aspare impeller and a set of gauging rods all contained in a suitable canying case.Possible suppliers:Valeport Instruments, Dartmouth.4.10 Surve level com lete with td od extendin staff and 50 m surve ta (2)This is required for longitudinal and cross section channel surveys and for establishing andchecking reference levels for water level recorders.4.11 Surve total s stem inco oratin theodolite EDM and accessories c/w s area erie and a atte char er.(1)This is required to carry out repeated three dimensional surveys of activegully systems toidentify changes. These gullies may extend over 100-300m horizontally andelevation ranges60.of several tens of metres with local elevation differences of perhaps 5 m in 2 m.4.12 Concentric rin infiltrometers (3)•These are required for measurements of the surface infiltration properties of the various soiltypes in the basins.It may be more economic to have these simple instruments made up locally in Chile.•4.13 Guel h rmeameters (3)This well known design of equipment is required to measure the hydraulic conductivities ofthe various soil types in the basins.•4.14 Shear vanes (3)These are required to test the shear strengths of the surface soils to depths of 10 - 20 cm.They must be capable of operation in both sand and clay soil types.4.15 Soil auger sets (3)These are required to investigate soil profiles and to insert shallow groundwater observationwells.Each set should consist of :4 x 1 m extension sections, 1 x 50 mm screw, 1 x 50 mm Jarret, 1 x 100mm Jarret heads.•4.16  Set soil sieves (1)These are required to analyze soil particle size distributions. A range of sizes suitable foranalysis over the range from fine clays to coarse sands is required.•4.17 Well dippers (6)•These are required for manual monitoring of depths in shallow groundwater observationwells.•The miniature,battery operated type with 10 m range would be most suitable.Possible suppliers:Geotechnical Instruments••4.18 Cam bell lo er accessories (3 sets)In addition to the CR10 loggers and the specified additional components to be incorporatedin the streamflow recording stations, the automatic weather stations, and the sedimentmonitoring stations, each field working group (2 CONAF and 1 La Serena) will require aset of hardware and software accessories so that they can programme the loggers, downloaddata from them and link them to PCs.•Items to be included in each set are:Keyboard/display unitStorage module for loading and downloading dataPC/ storage module connectorSoftware to enable PC and module to communicate.Possible suppliers:Campbell Scientific, Didcot Instruments,Institute of Hydrology, for some specialist control software for use with streamflowrecorders, automatic weather stations and suspended sediment monitoring stations•4.19 Camera and tfi (1)•This is requirement in the La Serena study to produce records of gully development byrepeated photography from a series of fixed points.A single lens reflex camera with reasonable fast (say, f 2.8), fixed focal length (50 or 55mm) lens and a stable tripod are required.4.20 Portable PC (1)•The operator of the La Serena study will be spending extended periods at his field sites andwill require a PC for work there. A portable is necessary so that he can move data, etc.between his field site and the work station at La Serena.•The requirement is for a robust portable with a specification of at least 486SX , 4MB RAMand 80MB hard disk.4.21 Portable radios (2)These are necessary for safety and communication purposes for the singleoperator of the LaSerena study when he is working on the isolated gully site.The system to be used must be decided locally to ensure that it is the most efficient forconditions on the site.4.22 Manua11readrain au es (15)Theseare requiredto providevolumetrichecksonthe recordingraingaugesanda meansof assessingthespatialvariabilityin rainfalloverthesites.The standard Chilean design of Manual raingaugemanufacturedby the ChileanMeteorologicalOfficemeetsthe requirements.•4.23 Tubin for roundwaterobservationwellsIt isnotpossibleto specifythelengthrequiredor themostsuitabletypeof materialuntiltheexploratoryworkhasbeendoneoneachbasin.Thismaterialmustbe purchasedlocallyoncethe specificrequirementsfor eachsite havebeenestablished.•JRB.Jan. 1995••••••••••••••••9•••

Instrument Requirements for the River Basin Management Project Chile

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Instrument Requirements for the River Basin Management Project Chile

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