"January 1982.""The Authors: Harry C. Minor is an Associate Professor of Agronomy and State Extension Specialist, Carl G. Morris is a Senior Research Specialist, and Bruce Burdick, Howard Mason, and Virgil Sparks are Research Specialists.""This report is a contribution of the Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, which reports on Research Project 363. The work was supported in part by funds from the Missouri Seed Improvement Association and fees from the companies submitting varieties for evaluation.

Burdick, Bruce

Mason, Howard

Minor, Harry C.

Morris, Carl G.

Sparks, Virgil

University of Missouri: MOspace

Cotton 1981 Mis ouriCrop Performance Minor · Morris · Burdic · ason· Spark University of Missouri-Columbia Agricultural Experiment Station Special Report 280 January 1982 COMPARING VARIETIES .. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Entries ..... Field Plot Design Cultural Practices TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary of Cultural Practices (Table 1) Summary of Rainfall and Temperature (Table 2) Data Recorded . . Micronaire Length Elongation Strength SUMMARY OF RESULTS MAP OF TEST LOCATIONS. RESULTS OF TEST LOCATIONS Clarkton (Table 3-4) Senath (Table 5-6) Summary (Table 7-8) . COTTON SEED COMPANY ADDRESSES THE AUTHORS Harry C. Minor is an Associate Professor of Agronomy and State Extension Special ist, Carl G. Morris is a Senior Research Special ist, and Bruce Burdick, Howard Mason, and Virgil Sparks are Research Specialists. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 4 5 5 5 7 7 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 9 11 13 15 The authors recognize and express their appreciation to David Andrews, Senath; and Charles Cromwell, Superintendent, Delta Center, Portageville for their part in making the 1981 cotton trials possible. Special recognition is given to Will iam Sappenfield and Joe Scott, both of Delta Center, for advice and assistance throughout the season. Appreciation is also extended to James Chuang for his computer programming and to Pat Cook for her careful typing of this special report. MISSOURI CROP PERFORMANCE COTTON 1981 This report is a contribution of the Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, which reports on Research Project 363. The work was supported in part by funds from the Missouri Seed Improvement Association and fees from the companies submitting varieties for evaluation. Cotton variety tests became part of the University of Missouri's crop perfor-mance testing program in 1978. These tests are conducted to provide a reI iable, unbiased . up-to-date source of information which will permit val id comparisons among the varieties evaluated. COMPARING VARIETIES In each trial, the "top yielding varieties" have been identified. These varieties are those which did not yield significantly less than the highest yield-ing variety in the test . They are denoted in the tables by an asterisk (*) next to their yields. Thus, by going down a column, the highest yielding varieties in a trial can be readi ly identified. By going across, the relative performance of a variety during several years or at several locations can be evaluated. From the standpoint of yield, the most desirable varieties will be those which are among the "top yielding" varieties (that is, have an asterisk) the greatest number of times . Although yield usually receives first consideration, other agronomic character-istics may be equally important when selecting a cotton variety. For southeastern Missouri, maturity, seedling vigor, and reaction to diseases are among the additional characteristics which deserve careful consideration. Late maturing varieties can be injured by early fall frost, particularly when planting is delayed. High seed via-bil ity and good seedling vigor help insure uniform and adequate stands under occasionally adverse conditions. Several prevalent diseases can markedly reduce final yield of susceptible varieties. Thus, all the information presented in this report should be considered when selecting a variety. The Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station does not make specific recommen-dations for varieties. It is suggested that the farmers growing a new variety for the first time consider the information contained in this report and then grow a small acreage to determine adapability . This should be the practice for all new varieties regardless of origin. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Three locations were selected to represent the soil diversity in the cotton growing area of southeastern Missouri. These locations were the University of Missouri's Rhodes Farm near Clarkton (sandy soi 1), the Delta Research Center near Portageville (clay soil), and the David Andrews farm near Senath (loam soi 1). The Clarkton test was on a site infested with fusarium wilt and root knot nematode. Locations of the sites are shown on Figure 1. 4 Entries. All producers of cotton seed were el igible to enter varieties in the 1981 evaluation plots. Participation was voluntary and no control was exercised by ihe program over which or how many varieties were entered. However, to help finance the evaluation program, a fee of forty dol lars per location was charged for each entry entered by the seed producer. A total of 13 cotton varieties were compared in 1981. Field Plot Design. Individual entries were planted in four-row plots with four repl ications. Arrangement of plots within the field fol lowed a randomized block design. Each plot had a row length of 40 feet and a between-row spacing of 38 inches. The two center rows were used for all yield and quality information. Cultural Practices . The tests were planted and harvested with commercial equipment modified for small plot work. Details of the management practices followed at each location are given in Table 1 and rainfall and temperature in Table 2 , page 7. Data Recorded. Seedl ing vigor notes were taken soon after emergence to give a relative indication of survival capabil ities of the young plants. Seedl ing vigor was rated on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 indicative of high vigor and 5 indicative of low vigor. The total number of plants in the center two rows of each plot were counted and converted to number of plants per acre. At maturity, height, lodging, and yield were measured. Height was taken as the average distance in inches from the soi 1 sur-face to the top of the plant. Lodging, which gives the degree of erectness, was scored on a scale of I to 5 with I indicating that all plants were erect (no lodging) and 5 indicating that 80 percent, or more, of the plants were lodged. Yield was measured in total pounds of 1 int per acre. This value was calculated by multiplying the gin percentage (lint percentage) by the total seed cotton yield. Fiber quality characteristics were determined for each variety util izing 1 int cotton samples from two repl ications at test location. These characteristics and their importance are described below. Their values were determined by Starlab, Inc., Knoxville, Tennessee. A. Micronaire: The micronaire test provides a combined measure of maturity and fineness of cotton fibers. Fiber maturity is a relative measure of the eel I-wall development throughout the entire length of the cotton fiber. Immature fibers result in decreased rates of processing, dyeing problems, and the produc-tion of yarns and fabrics with low appearance grade. Fineness is a relative ,measure of either the diameter of individual cotton fibers or the weight per unit length. Fine cottons produce stronger yarns but requi re reduced rate of processing. In the test. air is passed through a compressed sample of cotton fiber. The rate of flow through the sample follows a relationship between diameter or thickness of the texti Ie fibers and the air resistance they provide. Finer fibers result in greater resistance and, therefore, a lesser air flow. Value recorded can be interpreted as follows: 4.9 and above 3.5 to 4.8 3.4 and below coarse fibers premium range fine and often immature B. Length: Long-fibered cottons are desirable because fiber length relates positively to yarn strength, spinning of finer yarns, and high speed processing. The 2.5 percent span length measures the length in inches spanned by 2.5 percent of the fibers. The 50 percent span length is another measurement of fiber qual ity. This measures the length in inches spanned by 50 percent of the fiber. C. Elongation: Cottons having high fiber elongation values have less end breakage during the weaving process than those with low 5 values. The elongation figure is expressed in percent elongation at the breaking point. The following designations wi 11 aid in the interpretation of the elongation values. Descriptive Designation Very low Low Average High Very high Fiber Elongation --Percent--5.3 and below 5.4 - 6.2 6.3 - 7.1 7.2 - 8.0 8.1 and above D. Strength: Yarn strength and ease of manufacturing are corre-lated .positively with strong-fibered cottons. The following chart categorizes strength readings and aids in the interpretion of strength values. RESULTS Strength Rating Very high High Average Low Very low 1/8-inch Gauge --grams/tex--Above 24.9 23.0 - 24.9 21.0 - 22.9 19.0 - 20.9 Below 19.0 Thirteen cotton varieties were evaluated at 3 locations in southeastern Missouri during 1981. The trial locations were selected to represent the soil diver-sity in the cotton growing area of the state. Due to the extreme cold and wet weather in the early part of May, all locations had to be replanted. After replanting in late May, only Senath and Clarkton established a stand. Because of the length of time need-ed to mature most full season cotton varieties, no attempt at a third planting was made in the Delta Center's clay soil. Conditions during 1981 and cotton performance at each location are briefly des-cribed below. CLARKTON. The trial at this location was grown on a sandy soil with a high degree of fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode. Irrigation was used, but it relieved 1 ittle of root-knot nematode pressure or the fusarium wilt. Total lint yield ranged from 82 to 264 pounds per acre with an average of 159 (Table 3). SENATH. The soil at this location is a deep loam soil. Cold wet temperatures forced a late re-planting. This trial was not irrigated. Total lint yield ranged from 415 to 801 with an average of 572 pounds per acre (Table 5). 6 Average performance of 13 varieties over all tests is given in Table 7 . The stress conditions experienced may have prevented some varieties from expressing their true yield potential . Further, late planting conditions prevented satisfactory separation of the varieties tested on the basis of yield. Even though experimental conditions were quite uniform, re-planting in late May did not allow many full season varieties time to mature before first frost. Several quality characteristics were affected by the growing conditions and late planting in 1981. Micronaire and fiber strength were reduced as compared to 1980 . Elongation was increased over 1980. Lint percentage and staple length were similar to those previously recorded. Data on fiber characteristics are summarized in Table 4 (Clarkton), Table 6(Senath) , and Table 8(Location Summary). TABLE 1. CULTURAL PRACTICES OF THE 1981 COTTON TRIALS. -----------------------------------------------------------------------LOCATION (COUNTY) COOP-ERATOR N-P205-K20 HERBICIDE INSECT- DATE OF DATE OF ICIDE PLANT. HARVEST ------------------------------------- -- --------------------------------CLARKTON (DUNKLIN) SENATH (DUNKLIN) CHARLES CRmH~ELL DAVID ANDREWS 10-20-70 TREFLAN TERRA-CHLOR S-X 50-00-00 TREFLAN + TERRA-COTORAN CHLOR S-X TABLE 2. RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE DURING 1981. 4-30 5-22 5-04 5-27 10-21 10-19 RAINFALL TEMPERATURE DEPART. DEPART. 90' FROM RAINY FROM OR LOCATION MONTH INCHES NORMAL DAYS • F NOR f, A LAB 0 V E CLARKTON* APR IL 2.6 5 64.9 0 MAY 5.6 8 63.9 0 JUNE 4.8 7 78.6 14 JULY AUGUST 2.3 3 77.6 15 SEPT. 0.9 1 70.0 4 SENATH* APR IL 2.3 7 65.2 0 MAY 6.3 8 64.7 1 J Ut~E 7.1 8 77.9 14 JULY 4.7 6 82.2 23 AUGUST 1 .9 4 77.8 18 SEPT. o . 6 2 69. 1 3 -- DATA NOT AVAILABLE. * CLARKTON (MALDEN DATA), SENATH (KENNETT DATA). 7 FIGURE 1. MISSOURI COTTON TRIAL LOCATIONS • Iegular Site D Disease site 8 MISSOURI \.0 TABLE 3. YIELD PERFORMANCE OF COTTON VARIETIES GROWN NEAR CLARKTON, MISSOURI IN 1979-81. PLANTED: 30 APRIL, 1981. REPLANT: 22 MAY. HARVESTED: 21 OCT., 1981. BRAND/VARIETY DELCOT 311 COKER 3131 COKER 310 COKER 315 QUAL. SEED QS-137 COKER 3114 STONEVILLE 213* COKER 304 DELTAPINE 41 DELTAPINE 55 STAND (PL/A) 47439 40601 45719 41547 46923 43999 43913 43354 48386 49375 DELTAPINE 7544-643 44128 STONEVILLE 825* 43569 DELTAPINE 62 45117 TRIAL MEAN 44928 LSD.OS 4102 C . V . % 6.4 LOD-GING VIGOR HGT. LINT (l-S) (l-S) (IN) (%) 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.8 1 .0 1 .0 1.3 loS 1.3 1.0 1 . 3 0.5 27.6 1.3 2 • 0 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.3 loS 1 .0 2.0 1.0 loS loS loS 1.4 NS 35.0 24 22 21 27 26 24 27 23 18 18 20 20 16 22 5.4 17.0 37.5 39.0 37.0 35.5 33.0 40.0 34.S 37.0 36.0 35.5 34.S 36.0 36.0 36.3 1 .5 2.8 1981 264** 214* 185* 185* 181* 179 167 160 127 110 109 108 82 159 84 36.8 TOTAL LINT (LBS/ACRE) 1980 723* 6SS* 658* 576 704* 60S 639* 725* 717* 653 161 17.3 1979 417* 415* 338 288 384* 376* 327 350 64 13. 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------DATA NOT AVAILABLE. ** HIGHEST YIELDING VARIETY IN THE TEST. * VARIETY WHICH DID NOT YIELD SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN THE HIGHEST YIELDING VARIETY IN THE TEST. NS NOT SIGNIFICANT AT THE .5% LEVEL. I--' 0 TABLE 4. FIBER CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTON VARIETIES GROWN NEAR CLARKTON, MO. IN 1981. PLANTED: 30 APRIL, 1981. REPLANT: 22 MAY. HARVESTED: 21 OCT., 1981. BRAND/VARIETY COKER 304 COKER 310 COKER 3114 COKER 3131 COKER 315 DELCOT 311 DELTAPINE 41 DELTAPINE 55 DELTAPINE 62 DELTAPINE 7544-643 QUALITY SEED QS-137 STONEVILLE 213# STONEVILLE 825# MEAN LSD.OS C.V. MICRO-NAIRE 3.40 3.40 3.50 3.35 3.55 3.40 3.05 3 ~ 10 3. 15 3.30 3.50 3.50 3.30 3.35 0.22 3.06 NS NOT SIGNIFICANT AT THE 5% LEVEL. STAPLE LENGTH (50%) 0.52 0.52 o . 53 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.51 0.50 o . 5 1 o . 5 1 0.53 o . 52 0.50 0.52 0.02 1. 48 (2.5%) 1 .17 1 . 1 8 1. 20 1. 14 1 . 18 1.17 1. 15 1 . 1 5 1 . 15 1 .11 1 . 1 5 1 . 1 3 1. 13 1. 16 0.02 0.66 ELONGATION STRENGTH (%) (G/TEX) 6.63 7.38 7.75 8.00 7.25 9.25 7.38 7.88 7.75 9.38 8.13 8.50 7.25 7.88 0.85 4.97 20.9 21.4 22.8 21 .3 21 . 3 23.0 21.6 20.0 21 .5 20.2 21.8 19.7 20.6 21.3 1.6 3.5 t-' t-' TABLE 5. YIELD PERFORMANCE OF COTTON VARIETIES GROWN NEAR SENATH, MISSOURI IN 1980-81. PLANTED: 4 MAY, 1981. REPLANTED: 27 MAY. HARVESTED: 19 OCT., 1981. BRAND/VARIETY COKER 315 CASCOT L-7:ft: COKER 304 DELCOT 311 COKER 3114 COKER 310 QUAL. SEED QS-137 DELTAPINE 7544-643 COKER 3131 DELTAPINE 62 STONEVILLE 213# STONEVILLE 825:11: DELTAPINE 41 DELTAPINE 55 STAND (PL/A) 39698 35999 29978 26494 38493 31096 33633 40429 26924 37504 35612 45719 30623 41203 LOD-GING VIGOR HGT. LINT (1-5) (1-5) (IN) (%) 1 • 0 2 .0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 1 .8 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 2.5 2.8 2 . 3 2.5 1.8 2.0 2 .5 1.8 1.5 2.0 2 • 0 1.5 1 • 0 39 39 43 45 42 43 41 44 42 40 42 46 39 42 35.5 36 . 5 36.0 37.0 38.5 35.0 35.0 35.5 36.5 33.5 35.5 34.0 34.5 35.0 1981 801** 695 670 630 623 577 562 538 532 517 497 478 477 415 TOTAL LINT (LBS/ACRE) 1980 617* 573* 548* 633* 535 512 588* 678* 596* 1979 1151* 1099 1011 1067 1079 1274** 1030 -------------------------------------------- - -----------------------------------TRIAL MEAN 35243 1.3 2 . 0 42 35.6 572 552 1035 LSD.05 9467 o • 5 NS NS 1.5 NS 413 C . V . % 18.7 24.9 48.4 1 0 . 7 3.0 29.0 18.4 DATA NOT AVAILABLE. ** HIGHEST YIELDING VARIETY IN THE TEST. * VARIETY WHICH DID NOT YIELD SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN THE HIGHEST YIELDING VARIETY IN THE TEST. NS NOT SIGNIFICANT AT THE 5% LEVEL. 128 8.7 I-' tv TABLE 6. FIBER CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTON VARIETIES GROWN NEAR SENATH, MISSOURI IN 1981. PLANTED: 4 MAY, 1981. REPLANTED: 27 MAY. HARVESTED: 19 OCT., 1981. BRAND/VARII;TY COKER 304 COKER 310 COKER 3114 COKER 3131 COKER 315 DELCOT 311 DELTAPINE 41 DELTAPINE 55 DELTAPINE 62 DELTAPINE 7544-643 QUALITY SEED QS-137 STONEVILLE 213#: STONEVILLE 825#: MEAN LSD.05 C.V. MICRO-NAIRE 3.95 3.80 3.95 3.95 3.90 4.05 4.00 3.65 3.90 4.05 3.95 4.40 4.25 3.98 NS 6.79 NS NOT SIGNIFICANT AT THE 5% LEVEL. STAPLE LENGTH (50%) 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.54 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.54 0.54 0.55 NS 3. 16 ( 2 . 5%) 1. 19 1 .20 1 .21 1. 18 1. 19 1. 13 1 .16 1. 14 1. 16 1.11 1. 12 1. 14 1.11 1. 16 0.05 1.88 ELONGATION STRENGTH (%) (G/TEX) 7.13 6.88 7.63 7.50 7.25 9.00 8.13 8.38 7.88 9 . 1 3 8.75 8.88 6.75 7.94 1.35 7.82 21.3 20.4 20.6 1 9 . 3 21.7 20.9 1 9 . 6 1 9 . 6 21.2 17.4 18.9 19.4 19.0 2 a . a NS 6.4 I--' w TABLE 7. YIELD PERFORMANCE OF COTTON VARIETIES GROWN AT 2 SOUTHEAST MISSOURI LOCATIONS (CLARKTON AND SENATH) IN 1981. 1981 -- 2 LOCATION AVERAGE --------------------------------LOD- TOTAL LINT STAND GING VIGOR HI. LINT (LBS/ACRE) --.---- ----- ----- -----------------------BRAND/VARIETY (PL/A) (1-5) (1-5) (IN) ( %) CLARK SENTH MEAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------COKER 315 40622 1 . 0 1.3 33 35.5 185* 801** 493** DELCOT 311 36967 1.4 1.8 35 37.3 264** 630 447* COKER 304 36666 1.0 1.9 33 36.5 160 6-70 415* COKER 3114 41246 1 . 1 1 . 9 33 39.3 179 623 401* COKER 310 38407 1.0 1.8 32 36.0 185* 577 381* COKER 3131 33762 1.4 1 . 9 32 37.8 214* 532 373* QUALITY SEED QS-137 40278 1.3 1.5 34 34.0 181* 562 372* STONEVILLE 213# 39762 1.6 1.8 34 35.0 167 497 332 DElTAPINE 7544-643 42278 1 .6 2.0 32 35.0 109 538 324 DElTAPINE 41 39504 1.0 1.8 28 3S.3 127 477 302 DELTAPINE 62 41311 1 . 3 1.5 28 34.8 82 517 300 STONEVILLE 825# 44644 1.5 1 .8 33 35.0 108 478 293 DELTAPINE 55 45289 1 . 1 1 . 0 30 35.3 110 415 263 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEAN 40057 1.3 1.7 32 36.0 159 572 361 LSD.OS S160 0.3 0.8 4.2 1.5 84 NS 128 C . V . % 12.9 27.2 45.4 13.0 2. 9 36.8 29.0 35.6 ** HIGHEST YIELDING VARIETY IN THE TEST. * VARIETY WHICH DID NOT YIELD SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN THE HIGHEST YIELDING VARIETY IN THE TEST. NS NOT SIGNIFICANT AT THE S% LEVEL. I--' +' TABLE 8. SUMMARY PERFORMANCE OF COTTON VARIETIES GROWN AT TWO MISSOURI LOCATIONS (CLARKTON AND SENATH) IN 1981. BRAND/VARIETY COKER 304 COKER 310 COKER 3114 COKER 3131 COKER 315 DELCOT 311 DELTAPINE 41 DELTAPINE 55 DELTAPINE 62 DELTAPINE 7544-643 QUALITY SEED QS-137 STONEVILLE 825* STONEVILLE 213# MEAN LSD.05 C.V. MICRO-NAIRE 3.67 3.60 3.72 3.65 3.72 3.72 3.52 3.37 3.52 3.67 3.72 3.77 3.95 3.67 o . 2 1 5.58 NS NOT SIGNIFICANT AT THE 5% LEVEL. TWO LOCATION AVERAGE STAPLE LENGTH ( 50~n 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.54 0.56 o . 56 0.53 0.52 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.04 2.52 (2.5~n 1. 18 1 .19 1 .20 1. 16 1 . 1 9 1. 15 1 .15 1 .15 1 .15 1 .11 1. 13 1. 12 1. 14 1. 16 0.02 1 .41 ELONGATION STRENGTH (%) (G/TEX) 6.88 7.13 7.69 7.75 7.25 9. 13 7.75 8.13 7.81 9.25 8.44 7.00 8.69 7.91 0.54 6.56 21. 1 20.9 21.7 20.3 21.5 22.0 20.6 19.8 21.4 18.8 20.4 19.8 1 9 . 6 20.6 1.1 5. 1 '., t-' V1 TABLE 9. NAME OF COTTON ENTRIES AND SEED SOURCE EVALUATED IN 1981. BRAND COKER DELTAPINE QUALITY SEED VARIETY 304, 310, 315, 3131, 3114 41, 55, 62, 7544-643 QS-137 DELCOT 311, CASCOT L-7 SEED SOURCE COKER,S PEDIGREED SEED CO., BOX 340, HARTSVILLE, SC 29550 DELTA & PINE LAND COMPANY, SCOTT, MS 38772 QUALITY SEED CO., INC., 2600 NONCONNAH BLVD., SUITE 156, MEMPHIS, TN 38132 ENTERED BY STATE RESEARCH STAT-IONS AND CENTERS The University of Missouri is an Equal Employment and Educational Opportunity Institution. 

Cotton, 1981

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