Vlaemynck, Marieke

English

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

28/01/20141Ego network analysis of Flemish cannabis networksSocial supply and drug distribution seminar22 January 2014- London South Bank University Social networks are a key element in drug transactions.  Social supply definitions include references to these “social networks” How do these networks look like? Consequences for social supply concept?228/01/201421. The network perspective2. A networked drug market3. Networked cannabis market, characterised by social supply4. Mixed methods5. Example: personal network of a cannabis user3 Relations and patterns of relations are the cornerstone of social life (Wasserman & Faust, 1994) Three guiding principles (Marin & Wellman, 2011):◦ Relations, not attributes◦ Networks, no groups◦ Relational context428/01/20143 Relations and patterns of relations are the cornerstone of social life (Wasserman & Faust, 1994) Three guiding principles (Marin & Wellman, 2011):◦ Relations, not attributes◦ Networks, not groups◦ Relational context5 Two views on diffusion of information and attitudes:◦ ‘Pipelines’ (Mische, 2003)◦ Culturally constituted (Mische & White, 1998; Khron, 1986)628/01/20144 Networks as conduits for cultural formations Example: strength of weak ties (Granovetter, 1973) Drug market research?◦ “if patterns of relations structure information, they also influence substance use” (Ennet, Bailey & Federman, 1999) Example: dense networks constrain substance use (Bauman & Ennett, 2006)7 Networks as culturally constituted (Mische & White, 1998; Khron, 1986)◦ Roles and relationships as part of a social world◦ Networks are embedded in network domains (e.g. family, school, work) which actors switch between Example: multiplexity in networks (Krohn, 1986)828/01/20145 Drug market research ?◦ Dorn, Levi, King (2005): One large network constructed in interaction Fluid networks Sum of small groups of individuals◦ Cullen (2010): Sharing, symbolic meaning of cannabis9 Networked cannabis market◦ Disorganised rather than organised (Dorn, Levi & King, 2005)  Small networks Fluid  Constructed in interaction1028/01/20146 Ego networks characterised by supply relationships:◦ Conduits for information:  Exchanges of technical knowledge Transaction of a good◦ Interwoven with shared meanings: “Responsible” user “Social” supplier / “dealer”11 Social supply relationship◦ Supply relationship is multiplex Roles Types of relationship◦ Network view on social supply: “Non-strangers” Closeness  Social support “Non-profit” Exchange1228/01/2014713(see also Vlaemynck, in press) Why (Crossley, 2010)?◦ Complexity◦ Reduction of this complexity How?◦ Data collection◦ Data analysis1428/01/20148 Types of data◦ Composition: attributes, types of tie, strength of tie ◦ Structure: alter-alter relations Participatory mapping (Hogan, Carrasco, & Wellman, 2007):◦ Structured interview◦ Semi-structured interview15 Quantitative◦ Statistical analysis of attributes (ego + alters)◦ Structural analysis Qualitative◦ Thematical analysis  Visualisation of graph◦ Shape of graph1628/01/20149 Four testinterviews  Example: Ego 1◦ Composition of network◦ Structure of network◦ Visualisation17 Composition of the network◦ Ego attributes Socio-demographics Substance use◦ Alter attributes Socio-demographics Substance use◦ Network characteristics◦ Type and content of relations between alter and ego1828/01/201410Socio-demographicsGender FemaleAge 1992Occupation Full time MSc studentLiving situation With parentsNationality BelgianLeisure time visiting friendsPub/party/clubListening to musicWatching TVSubstance useWeekly alcohol once or more per weekTobacco use (plain)NeverCannabis- First time 16 years old- 3 m prior 2 times- Where a friend’s house- Supply Passive- When During the week after class/ duringthe weekend19Total network (n=22)Gender 7 m, 15 fAge 18 to 27 Role- Household 2- Family 8- Friend 16- Best friend 3 - Partner 0Cannabis network (n=16)Gender 7 m, 8 fAge 18 to 27Role- Household 2- Family 7- Friend 12- Best friend 0Cannabis user 14Cannabis supplier 8Location Friend’s house2028/01/201411 Size: 22 FN (ego excluded) – 16 CN Average age: 22,5 FN; 23 CN Average gender ratio: 30% male - 70% femaleFN; 43% male – 57% female CN Homophily: E-I Index = -0.3642122 Types of relations◦ Roles: family, friends, …. Often two at the same time◦ Supply relationship? Ego as supplier: sharing – swapping – selling – gift giving Alter as supplier: sharing – swapping – selling – gift giving Friends + family Close connection to “real drug market”28/01/201412 Density (Hanneman & Riddle, 2005):  0,639 Centrality◦ Structural holes (Borgatti & Halgin, 2011): low brokerage opportunities for ego◦ Closeness: ASP = 3,455 ◦ Betweenness centrality of ego is very low23 Respondent’s own graph in Vennmaker After applying spring embedder algorithm2428/01/201413252628/01/20141427 Networked cannabis market Social supply as a type of relationship in a broader social network◦ Certain level of closeness◦ Exchange  Data-collection: ongoing, several members of same network2828/01/201415Thank you for your attentionContact details: marieke.vlaemynck@ugent.behttp://www.ugent.be/re/strafrecht-criminologie/en/research/isd29 Bauman, K. E., & Ennett, S. T. (2006). The Peer Context of Adolescent Substance Use: Findings from Social Network Analysis. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16(2), 159-186. Borgatti, S. P., & Halgin, D. S. (2011). On network theory. Organization Science, 22(5), 1168-1181.  Crossley, N. (2010). The social world of the network. Combining qualitative and quantitative elements in social network analysis. Sociologica, 1, 1-34.  Cullen, F. (2010). 'Two's up and poncing fags': young women' smoking practices, reciprocity and friendship. Gender and Education, 22(5), 491-504. 3028/01/201416 Ennett, S. T., Bailey, S. L., & Federman, E. B. (1999). Social Network Characteristics Associated with Risky Behaviors among Runaway and Homeless Youth. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40(1), 63-78. doi: 10.2307/2676379 Dorn, N., Levi, M., & King, L. (2005). Literature review on upper level drug trafficking Home Office Online Report 22/05. London: Home Office. Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. Hanneman, R. A., & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside, CA: University of California, Riverside. Hogan, B., Carrasco, J. A., & Wellman, B. (2007). Visualizing Personal Networks: Working with Participant-aided Sociograms. Field Methods, 19(2), 116-144. 31 Krohn, M. D. (1986). The web of conformity: a network approach to the explanation of delinquent behavior. Social Problems, 33(6), S81-S93. Marin, A., & Wellman, B. (2011). Social network analysis: an introduction. In J. Scott & P. J. Carrington (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of social network analysis (pp. 11-25). London: Sage. Mische, A. (2003). Cross-Talk in Movements. In M. Diani & D. McAdam (Eds.), Social Movements and Networks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mische, A., & White, H. (1998). Between Conversation and Situation: Public Switching Dynamics Across Network-Domains. Social Research, 65, 295-324. Paoli, L. (2002). The paradoxes of organized crime. Crime, Law & Social Change, 37, 51-97. 3228/01/201417 Scott, J., & Carrington, P. J. (Eds.). (2011). The SAGE handbook of social network analysis. London: Sage. Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vlaemynck, M. (in press). Cannabisbevoorrading bij jongeren: een sociale netwerkanalyse van 'social supply'. In L. Pauwels & G. Vermeulen (Eds.), Update in de criminologie 7: Actuele ontwikkelingen inzake Europees strafrecht, veiligheid & preventie, politie, strafprocedure, prostitutie en mensenhandel, drugsbeleid en penologie (pp. 496). Antwerpen: Maklu (in Dutch).33

Social supply : a network perspective. Ego-network analysis of Flemish cannabis networks.

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Social supply : a network perspective. Ego-network analysis of Flemish cannabis networks.

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Ghent University Academic Bibliography