Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the traditional medicine in Socotra have been tested for cytotoxic activity against FL-cells. Extracts of Eureiandra balfourii and Commiphora ornifolia showed the strongest activity against FL-cells with IC50 < 10 µg/ml and 39.3 µg/ml respectively

Awadh Ali, Nasser A

Ghaleb, Nasr Abdo

Lindequist, Ulrike

Ramzi, Mothana

PubMed

Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the traditional medicine in Socotra have been tested for cytotoxic activity against FL-cells. Extracts of Eureiandra balfourii and Commiphora ornifolia showed the strongest activity against FL-cells with IC50 < 10 μg/ml and 39.3 μg/ml respectively

Ali, Nasser A. Awadh

Mothana, Ramzi

ATHMSI Journals

Awadh et al.,  Afr. J. Trad. CAM (2007) 4 (4): 529 – 531  529  Short Communication                                                          ISSN 0189-6016©2007    SCREENING OF TRADITIONALLY USED ENDEMIC SOQOTRAEN PLANTS FOR CYTOTO-XIC ACTIVITY  Nasser A. Awadh Ali1, 2, Ramzi, Mothana1 , Nasr Abdo Ghaleb2, and Ulrike Lindequist3  1Department of Pharmacognosy, 1Faculty of pharmacy, Sana'a University, 2Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Medicine and Heath Science, Aden University  3Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Friedrich-LudwigJahn-Str. 17, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany E-mail address:Alinasser57@yahoo.com Abstract  Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the traditional medicine in Socotra have been tested for cytotoxic activity against FL-cells. Extracts of Eureiandra balfourii and Commiphora ornifolia showed the strongest activity against FL-cells with IC50 < 10 µg/ml and 39.3 µg/ml respectively.  Key words: Cytotoxicity,  Soqotra, Fl-cells  Introduction  Experts estimate that hundred of families of plants, occur in the island Soqotra. More than 800 plant species have been recorded to grow on the Island, of which 307 species are considered to be endemic (Miller and Morris, 2004). Soqotra represents a precious natural treasure of new pharmacologically active compounds for   pharmaceutical industry, however, biological activities of Socotraen plants have not been thoroughly  investigated  (Ali and Lindequist 2005; Mothana and Lindequist 2005; Mothana  et al 2006; Ali et al unpublished). This work reports the first attempt to study the cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants of the island Soqotra.  Materials and Methods  10 plants were collected from different parts in the island Soqotra (Table1) in March 2005 were authenticated at the Botany department, Faculty of Science, Aden University, Yemen; Voucher specimens of the plant material were deposited in Pharmacognosy Unit, Aden University. Air-dried and ground plant material (10 g) was extracted at room temperature successively with chloroform (100 ml x 4), MeOH (100 ml x 4) and distilled H2O (100 ml x 4). The extracts were filtered and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 40 °C; the residues obtained were stored in refrigerator until used.  Cytotoxicity assay  The cytotoxicity was measured by the neutral red uptake assay (Lindl and Bauer, 1989) using FL-cells, a human amniotic epithelial cell line (Hilgenfeld et al., 1979). Only living cells are able to manage the active uptake of neutral red. FL-cells were cultivated in a 96 well micro titer plate (105 cells/ml EAGLE-MEM, Sifin, Berlin, D, 150 µl/well) at 37o C in a humidified 5 % carbon dioxide atmosphere. After 24 h, 50 µl of the extract solution was added. After a further incubation of 72 h, cells were washed 3 times with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. 100-µl neutral red solution (SERVA, 0.3 % in EAGLE-MEM) were added per well. The cells were then incubated for 3 h at 37o C, followed by another three times washing with PBS. 100 µl of a solution of acetic acid (1 %, v/v) and ethanol (50 %, v/v) in distilled water were added. After shaking for 15 min the optical density was measured at 540 nm with an ELISA-Reader-HT II (Anthos Labtec Instruments Salzburg, A). The Afr. J. Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines www.africanethnomedicines.netAwadh et al.,  Afr. J. Trad. CAM (2007) 4 (4): 529 – 531  530mean of four measurements for each concentration was determined (n=4). IC50 values (concentration that caused a 50% inhibition of growth compared with control) were calculated with help of micro cal. Origin program.  Results and Discussion  The results are shown in Table 1. Only four chloroform extracts exhibited moderate to marked toxicity against FL-cell lines. Eureiandra balfourii extract with highest activity of IC50 < 10 µg/ml is comparable with the activity of the reference compound Etoposid with IC50 of ( 9.1µg/ml). Commiphora ornifolia bark and Limonium sokotranum leaves showed a high to moderate inhibition of FL-cells with IC50 of 39.3 µg/ml and 136.3 µg/ml respectively. These results supported the previous reports regarding the cytotoxic activities of various species of the genus Commiphora, and the genus Limonium on different cell lines (Habtemariam, 2003; Zhu et al 2001; Kandil, et al 2000). The presence of triterpenes in the genus Acridocarpus may be involved in the cytotoxic activity (Shugeng Cao et al 2004). The results obtained in the course of this investigation are in agreement to a certain degree with the ethnomedical information. The traditional use of Limonium as antifungal agent may be due to the cytotoxic effect. It can also be mentioned that the lipophilic compounds (CHCl3 –extracts) are more responsible for the cytotoxic activity in comparison to the hydrophilic ones.  Tab.1: cytotoxic activity of the extracts from 10  endemic Soqotraen plant species used in traditional medicine   Plant   Parts tested  Local name  Traditional uses   IC50 value (FL-cell line) in µg/ml  Asclepiadacea 1. Caralluma socotrana (Balf.f.)N.E.Br. (SPAs 01) Burseraceae 2. Boswellia socotranao Balf.f (SPB-03) 3. Commiphora ornifolia (Balf.f.) Gillett (SP B 08) Cucurbitaceae 4. Eureiandra balfourii Cogn (SP –Cu05) Euphorbiaceae 5. Cephalocroton socotranus  Balf.f (SPEu 05) Malpighiaceae 6. Acridocarpus socotranus Olive 7 Acridocarpus socotranus Olive (SPM01) Moraceae 8. Dorstenia gigas  Schweinf. exBalf. (SP Mo03) Plumbaginaceae 9. Limonium sokotranum (Vierh) Radcl. Sm) (SP-Pl05) Resedaceae 10. Ochradenus socotranus A.G. Mill  (SP-Re04) Etoposide (SIGMA)    Aerial parts   Resin  Bark   Roots   Leaves, flower   Flowers Leaves  Flower ,leaves    Leaves    Fruits   qamhiyn   Taliy’oh  Ikshih   di-ahsaweh   tan   Kirilloh Kirilloh  Kartab    lizibih    Gershiy’oh   dyspepsia   Stomatitis  Antiseptic    toxic   Anti-infective   Toxic to camels   Skin diseases    antifungal    Insecticide    348.7a, ndb, 609.2c   535.1a, 507.1b, 454.6c  453.2a, 495.9b, 39.3c   nda, ndb, <10c   411.7a, 544.4b,430.7c   nda, 464b, 510c 687.1a, 662.3b, 193.4c  500.2a, 490.4b, 387.8c    .615.1a, 522.1b, 136.3c    nda, ndb, 511.8c  18,3 µM)(9.1 µg) Most of the ethnomedical  information has been taken from (Miller and, Morris, 2004) a : aqueous,  b: methanolic, and c: chloroform extract  References  1. Ali Awadh, A.N and  Lindequist, U (2005)  Biological investigation of different extracts from Dentrosicycous socotranus Book of abstracts of 53rd  annual congress organized by Society of medicinal plants, Florence , Italy 21st -25th  p. 179. Awadh et al.,  Afr. J. Trad. CAM (2007) 4 (4): 529 – 531  5312. Habtemariam, S. (2003). Cytotoxic and cytostatic activity of erlangerins from Commiphora erlangeriana. Toxicon.1(6):723-727, 3. Hilgenfeld, M., Jacob, W. and Oehme, P.(1979). Patent DDR 120550, 30th January  4. Kandil, F. E.,  Ahmed, K. M., Hussieny,  H. A. and   Soliman, A. M. (2000). A new flavonoid from Limonium axillare. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 333(8):275-7. 5. Lindle, T. and Bauer, J. (1989). Zell und Gewebekultur. Gustav-Fisher-Verlag, Jena, Berlin, p 181 6. Miller, G. A. and Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago Charlesworth Group, Huddersfield, UK,  7. Mothana, R. and Lindequist, U. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants of the island Soqotra J. Ethnopharmacol. 96:177-181 8. Mothana, R., Mentel, R. Reiss Christiane and Lindequist, U. (2006). Phytochemical Screening and Antiviral Activity of some Medicinal Plants from Island Soqotra  Phytother. Res. 20: 298-302  9. Shugeng Cao, Rebecca Clare Guza, James S. Miller, Rabodo Andriantsiferana, Vincent E. Rasamison, and David G. I. Rain  (2004). Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from Acridocarpus vivy from the Madagascar Rain  J. Nat. Prod., 67: 986-989, 2004 10. Zhu, N., Kikuzaki, H., Sheng, S., Sang, S., Rafi, M. M., Wang, M., Nakatani, N., DiPaola, R. S., Rosen, R. T. and Ho, C.T.(2001). Furanosesquiterpenoids of Commiphora myrrha J Nat Prod. 64(11):1460-1462.        

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SCREENING OF TRADITIONALLY USED ENDEMIC SOQOTRAEN PLANTS FOR CYTOTO-XIC ACTIVITY

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Screening of Traditionally Used Endemic Soqotraen Plants for Cytotoxic Activity

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