Renal idiopathic stone disease affects about 8% of the Italian population. The most common form in western countries (70- 80% of the cases) is calcium nephrolithiasis, with stones formed mainly by calcium oxalate and phosphate. One of the main metabolic anomalies that is often associated with calcium nephrolithiasis is hypercalciuria. Primary hypercalciuria is a metabolic defect characterized by an increased renal calcium excretion. This metabolic alteration is present in the general population with a frequency of 5-10%, but can reach 45-50% in subjects affected by nephrolithiasis. We studied 149 patients affected by idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between familiarity for nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria in this population of patients
