Bray, James R.

Marsh, Daniel L.

McMasters, Dennis W.

Whitehead, Greg A.

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 48 Article 461994Bryophyte and Pteridophyte Distribution Recordsof Southern ArkansasJames R. BrayHenderson State UniversityGreg A. WhiteheadHenderson State UniversityDaniel L. MarshHenderson State UniversityDennis W. McMastersHenderson State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Plant Biology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu.Recommended CitationBray, James R.; Whitehead, Greg A.; Marsh, Daniel L.; and McMasters, Dennis W. (1994) "Bryophyte and Pteridophyte DistributionRecords of Southern Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 48 , Article 46.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol48/iss1/46239Bryophyte and Pteridophyte Distribution Records of Southern ArkansasJames R. Bray, Greg A.Whitehead, Daniel L.Marsh and Dennis W. McMastersDepartment ofBiologyHenderson State UniversityArkadelphia, AR71999-0001Winfred D.Crank328 Houston DriveHot Springs, AR 71913This note catalogs distributional records for 22 speciesof hepatics and pteridophytes in southern Arkansas. Wehope inclusion of four hepatics may stimulate more inter-est in the bryophytes ofArkansas. We wish either to initi-ate or contribute to the eventual preparation of an atlasand annotated list of the bryophytes of Arkansas in a for-mat similar to that which Smith (1988) published for thevascular plants, an also to compile a photographic collec-tion of the bryophytes to supplement the pteridophytephotographic collection compiled earlier by Crank.Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort. is a strikinglyRautiful leafy liverwort (Order Jungermanniales) oftenistaken for a delicate fern moss. Because of this appear-ce we use "mossy hepatic" as our English designation.Itis widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, butIrestricted to wet, low-acid sites often along mountainearns. The only location in Arkansas given by Schuster)66) is at Camp Albert Pike inMontgomery Co. Afteridying that site, we located additional stands in>ntgomery Co. Bray later found a new location inGarland Co. and another extensive stand in Hot SpringCo. We expect to find sites in other counties of theInterior Highland.Another leafy liverwort which can form conspicuous|afciis Scapania nemorosa (L.) Dumort., southern scapania:arpet hepatic." Itis widely distributed in the easternof North America and in Europe from 30-55° N. lati-.Schuster (1974) includes Arkansas and the adjacents in the range, but gives no specific sites inArkansas,highly polymorphic species tolerates broad ranges of,moisture, and soils, and it is likely to be foundighout the state. It forms extensive carpets in a cityin Arkadelphia and in a nearby cemetery (ClarkMarsh has collected it from DeGray Lake State ParkSpring Co.) and from the Ouachita National Forestiof Aplin in Perry Co. Inaddition we have studentctions from Camp Albert Pike in Montgomery Co.Neddie's Eye Mountain inHot Spring Co.IDne of our most common ribbon-mosses (Orderzgeriales) is Pallavicinia lyellii(Hook.) Carruthers,:h we usually call "winged liverwort" because the thalliclearly differentiated into a midrib and lateral wings:h are only one cell layer thick. Itis common inbogsand on wet creek banks inour area. Schuster (1992) listssites in19 counties of Arkansas: Baxter, Conway, Cross,Franklin, Garland, Greene, Hempstead, Lafayette, LittleRiver, Miller,Montgomery, Nevada, Newton, Polk,Pulaski, Saline, Stone, Union, and Van Buren. We havedocumented additional sites inClark, Ouachita, and Pikecounties.The only member of the bottle hepatics (OrderSphaerocarpales) which we have found in Arkansas isSphaerocarpos texanus Aust., which we call "Texas bottle-wort." Itis notable for the bottle-shaped involucres cover-ing the sex organs and for being the first plant in whichsex chromosomes were discovered. Schuster (1992) lists itfor nine counties of Arkansas: Benton, Calhoun, Conway,Faulkner, Hempstead, Lafayette, Polk, Pulaski, andWashington. The new locations are in Clark, Dallas, HotSpring, and Ouachita counties (the last was found byMichael Shepherd). Although it can be found on a widevariety of bare soils, it is undoubtedly much overlookedbecause of its small size and short growing season in coolweather.In the fall of 1992 McMasters found a single shoot ofthe whisk-fern, Psilotum nudum (L.) Beauv., at the base ofa retaining wall while cleaning out a dense growth ofEnglish ivy in the yard of his home in Arkadelphia. Theaerial portion died during the late winter of 1993, possi-bly because it was no longer protected by the vine. Thisoccurrence is documented by photographs but not by anherbarium collection. Presumably there was at least onegametophyte present in the soil,but the sporophyte couldhave developed apogamously. The nearest cultivatedPsilotum is less than a mile from this site at the green-house on the Henderson State University campus. Severalpotted Psilotum plants there produce abundant spores,and young plants are found from time to time as weeds inpots containing other species. At present we regard thisoccurrence as a waif,but we suggest that botanists shouldbe alert to the possibility that this species may occur as anescape. A stand of Psilotum was reported near Ruston,Louisiana (Rhodes, 1970) only 35 miles south of Arkansaswithin a forested area. Thieret (1980) indicates thespecies in both Lincoln and Ouachita parishes in north-ern Louisiana. In the case of occurrences under heavyProceedings Arkansas Academy ofScience, Vol.48, 1994239Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 48 [1994], Art. 46Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1994240cover, as at Arkadelphia, the species could be easily over-looked.Lycopodiella prostrate (Harper) Cranfill, creeping fox-tail club-moss, was first reported in Arkansas by Peck etal. (1987) who discovered it in Calhoun Co. Later it wasreported in Saline Co. by Bray and Marsh (1993). Wehave now located itinClark Co. associated withL.appres-sa.Selaginella eclipes Buck, Buck's meadow spikemoss, isshown only for northern counties in Taylor (1984) andSmith (1988). An extension to Montgomery Co. in south-ern Arkansas was reported by Bates (1993). We havefound the species inGarland and Hot Spring counties. Itprobably occurs inother counties in the Ouachita divi-sion, where it has perhaps been taken for S. apoda. Formany years we have regularly visited one of the HotSpring Co. sites north of Bismarck on Highway 7 but wehad incorrectly identified the plant as S. apoda. The twotaxa are morphologically similar, and ithas been suggest-ed that S. eclipes might prove to be a subspecies of 5.apoda (Valdespino, 1993). The two taxa have remaineddistinctive under cultivation in the Henderson StateUniversity greenhouse.We have found single county extensions for the fol-lowing pteridophytes: Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu,black-footed quillwort, in Cleveland Co.; Equisetum hye-male L., scouring rush, in Hot Spring Co.; Aspleniumbradleyi D.C. Eat., Bradley's spleenwort, in Hot SpringCo.; Asplenium resiliens Kunze, black-stemmed spleenwort,in Montgomery Co.; Cystopteris tennesseensis Shaver,Tennessee bladder fern, in Montgomery Co.; Pellaeaatropurpurea (L.) Link,purple-stemmed cliffbrake, inHotSpring Co.; Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton, southernshield fern, in Garland Co.; and Thelypteris noveboracensis(L.)Nieuwl., New York fern, inHot Spring Co.We report the mosquito fern Azolla in Clark andOuachita counties, found without the sori needed todetermine whether A. caroliniana Willd. or A. mexicanaPresl. was represented. Thieret (1980) listed A.carolinianaas the only mosquito fern in adjacent Louisiana. Taylor(1984), with reservations, and Smith (1988) listed ourmosquito fern as A. mexicana. Lumpkin (1993) includedArkansas in the mapped distributions of both species, butstated that the maps are tentative pending resolution oftaxonomic difficulties. He pointed out that about 80% ofthe specimens studied lack sori.During the last two years we have given some atten-tion to the distribution of the Ophioglossales and have anumber of additions to the county records provided byTaylor (1984) and Smith (1988). Botrychium lunarioides(Michx.) Sw., winter grape fern, was known in four coun-ties; we have found a number of sites in four more coun-ties: Clark, Dallas, Hot Spring, and Nevada. (The last wasfound by Tim Golden.) Allof these locations are inruralcemeteries.Ophioglossum crotalophoroides Walt., bulbous adder'stongue, was also found infour more counties: Garland,Montgomery, Pike, and Saline. The location of O. engel-mannii Prantl, limestone adder's tongue, ina cemetery atOkolona is a new record for Clark Co. This is in the cal-careous blackland prairie region. 0. nudicaule L. f., leastadder's tongue, was found infour new counties: Calhoun,Clark, Dallas, and Pike, doubling the number of countiesrecorded. 0. petiolatum Hook., stalked adder's tongue,was previously known in four counties. We have found asite in Clark Co. where it is locally rather common in arural church yard, mixed with a population of 0. cro-talophoroides. O. vulgatum L., southern adder's tongue, wasfound in three additional counties: Clark, Garland, andMontgomery.Based on published reports and our work, Clark Co. isthe only county presently known tocontain all five of theArkansas adder's tongues. This is obviously because wehave concentrated much field work there. Distributionsof these five species in the southeastern United States(Wagner and Wagner, 1993) and particularly innorthernLouisiana (Thieret, 1980) strongly suggest that they allcould be found in most counties in the southern one-third ofArkansas.Voucher specimens of all the species cataloged above,except Psilotum nudum, have been placed in theHenderson State University Herbarium.Literature CitedBates, V.1993. Ouachita National Forest. Vol. 1.Overview of plant communities and an inventory ofnatural area. Acooperative project supported byArkansas Nature Conservancy; Arkansas NaturalHeritage Commission; U.S. Forest Service, SouthernRegion, iii+ 144 pp.Bray,J.R. and D.L.Marsh. 1993. Additional occurrencesof the bog clubmosses insouthern Arkansas. Proc.Ark.Acad. Sci. 47:131-132.Lumpkin, T.A.1993. Azollaceae. Pp. 338-342, InFlora ofNorth America north ofMexico. Vol.2. Pteridophytesand gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New Yorkxvi+ 475 pp. 338-342.Peck, J.H., C.J. Peck, S.L. Orzell,E. Bridges and C.Amason. 1987. Discovery oiLycopodium communitiesinthe GulfCoastal Plain region ofArkansas. Proc.Ark. Acad. Sci. 41: 112-113.Rhodes, D.G. 1970. Psilotum nudum (Psilotaceae) innorthLouisiana. Sida 3:525.Schuster, R.M. 1966. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae ofNorth America east of the hundredth meridian, Vol.1. Columbia University Press, New York, xvii+802 pp.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.48, 1994240Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 48 [1994], Art. 46http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol48/iss1/46>241Schuster, R.M.1974. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae ofNorth America east of the hundredth meridian, Vol.3. Columbia University Press, New York, ix+ 880 pp.Smith, E.B. 1988. Anatlas and annotated listof the vascu-larPlants of Arkansas, 2nd ed. Kinko's Copies,Fayetteville, Arkansas, iv+448 pp.Taylor, W.C. 1984. Arkansas ferns and fern allies.Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,262 pp.Thieret, J.W. 1980. Louisiana ferns and fern allies.Lafayette Natural History Museum, Lafayette,Louisiana, vi+ 124.Valdespino, LA.1993. Selaginellaceae. Pp. 38-63, In Floraof NorthAmerica north ofMexico. Vol.2.Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Oxford UniversityPress, New York, xvi+ 475 pp.Wagner, W.H. and F.S. Wagner. 1993. Ophioglossaceae.Pp. 85-106, InFlora of North America north ofMexico. Vol.2 Pteridophytes and gymnosperms.Oxford University Press, New York,xvi+ 475 pp.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.48, 1994241Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 48 [1994], Art. 46Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1994

Bryophyte and Pteridophyte Distribution Records of Southern Arkansas

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