One hundred two litter samples were collected from oak/hickory and maple/beech forests in the Ouachita Highlands of western Arkansas July 1991-June 1992. Berlese residues of these collections produced 17 families, 51 genera, and 56 species of spiders, and included 19 species previously unreported for the state of Arkansas

Carlton, Chris

Dorris, Peggy Rae

Robison, Henry W.

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 49 Article 11 1995 Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter of the Ouachita Highlands Peggy Rae Dorris Henderson State University Henry W. Robison Southern Arkansas University Chris Carlton Louisiana State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Dorris, Peggy Rae; Robison, Henry W.; and Carlton, Chris (1995) "Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter of the Ouachita Highlands," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 49 , Article 11. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol49/iss1/11 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter ofthe Ouachita HighlandsPeggy Rae DorrisDepartment of BiologyHenderson State UniversityArkadelphia, AR71999Henry W. RobisonDepartment of BiologySouthern Arkansas UniversityMagnolia, AR 71753Chris CarltonDepartment of BiologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, LA70803AbstractOne hundred two litter samples were collected from oak/hickory and maple/beech forests in the Ouachita Highlandsof western Arkansas July 1991-June 1992. Berlese residues of these collections produced 17 families, 51 genera, and 56species of spiders, and included 19 species previously unreported for the state of Arkansas.IntroductionA series of Berlese samples was collected during thecalendar year July 1991-June 1992 to assess the diversityand abundance of litter faunas of deciduous forest habi-tats in the Ouachita Highlands of western Arkansas.Moist deciduous valleys dominated by beech (Fagus gran-difolia), maples {Accer spp.), and white oak {Quercus alba),and moist deciduous slopes dominated by white oak{Quercus alba), black oak {Quercus velutina), and varioushickories {Carya spp.) were sampled. Our objectives wereto assess species richness and abundance of a wide rangeof taxa that occur in forest litter habitats, identify new orpreviously unrecorded species, and determine seasonalpatterns of some of the more abundant species.Dorris and Burnside (1977) employed sifting meth-ods and numerous other collecting techniques in theOuachita Highlands, but detailed analysis of forest litterarthropods of this region are lacking. This researchallows a more through understanding of spider diversity,seasonal utilization, and microhabitat distribution inupland regions of Arkansas.Materials and MethodsThe choice of deciduous forests in the OuachitaNational Forest as a study area was based on recent docu-mentation that suggest significant faunistic associationwith faunas in the southern Appalachian Mountains(Carlton and Cox, 1990, Gleason et. al., 1994,Mohlenbrock, 1993, Noble, 1993 and Babaei, 1992).Protected beech-maple valleys and north facing decidu-ous slopes were chosen because experience had suggestedthat they would yield the greatest diversity of any forestlitter habitats inthe Interior Highlands.Site selection was based on dominant tree composi-tion, ease of access, and past records of other interestingspecies. Primary sites were chosen during the first twoweeks of the study (July 1991). Secondary sites were cho-sen throughout the project. Primary sites were sampledrepeatedly throughout the study, secondary sites weresampled no more than twice.Five study sites (Fig. 1) in the Ouachita NationalForest where large areas of mature white oak orbeech/maple forest occur were selected for regular sam-plingduring this study. They are as follows:1. Near the corners of Scott, Logan, and YellCounties north of Blue Ball. White oak forest.2. Polk County, on the east and northeast slope ofRich Mountain. White oak forest.3. Montgomery County, Little Missouri FallsRecreation Area. Beech/maple forest.4. Polk County, in the vicinity of Shady Lake andBard Springs recreation areas. Beech/maple forest.5. Montgomery County, southeast of Mt.Ida betweenCollier Springs and Crystal Recreation Area.Beech/maple forest.These five areas circumscribe an area of approximate-ly 1600 square miles in the Ouachita Mountain coreregion.Litter samples were collected by sifting forest litter,including thoroughly rotted logs, leaf packs, root mats,and flood debris, through a 1/4 inch wire mesh sifter.The sifted sample was weighed and held ina cloth bag atroom temperature until extraction. Organisms wereextracted for 24 hours using Berlese funnels equippedwith incandescent lights. Spiders and other organismsextracted from the samples were preserved in 70%ethanol. The spiders were later sorted and identifiedusing a dissecting microscope. Sources used for identifica-tion of spiders included Kaston (1948, 1978), Comstock(1948), Heiss and Allen (1986), and Emerton (1902).Voucher specimens of identified taxa are deposited intheProceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.49, 199545Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 49 [1995], Art. 11Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 199546Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter of the Ouachita HighlandsHenderson State University spider collection.Results and DiscussionAtotal of 102 forest litter samples was collected from14 localities, five primary and nine secondary as shown inFig. 1. Seventeen families and 56 species among 51 gen-era of spiders were collected with 19 species having beenpreviously unrecorded for the state (Dorris 1985, 1989).Below a list of spider taxa and abbreviated locality infor-mation is provided. Species that are new for the state areindicated by an asterisk. More detailed locality data areavailable from HWR or CEC.Taxa County Location DateAGELENDIDAE*Calymmaria cavicola (Banks) Yell Blue Mt.Lake 3/24/92Mont. E. Crystal Mt. 10/5/91Circurina arcuata Keyserling Polk Caney Creek Wild. 6/19/92Polk E. Slope Rich Mt. 9/28/91Scott MillCreek Rec. 2/11/92*Circurina brevis (Emerton) Scott Dry Creek 5/15/92Cryphoeca montana Emerton Polk Caney Creek Wild 10/4/91Mont. Albert Pike 8/24/91Polk E. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Cybacus reticulatus Simon Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Tegenaria domestica(Clerck) Polk Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92AMAUROBIDAEAmaurobius ferox (Walckenaer) PolkTitanoeca americana Emerton MontARANEIDAEAraneus cingulatus (Walckenaer) PolkPolk*Hyposinga pygmaea (Sundevall) PolkCLUBIONIDAECastianeira cingulata (L. Koch) PolkClubiona obesa Hentz PolkClubionoides excepta (I..Koch) Mont.Trachelas deceptus (Banks) PolkTrachelas similis Cambridge PolkDICTYNIDAE*Dictyna sublata (Hentz) ScottGNAPHOSIDAEDrassodes neglectus (Keyserling) Mont.*Drassyllus agilis (Bryant) PolkDrassyllus covensis Exline PolkGnaphosa sericata (L.Koch) Polk*Haplodrassus signifer (L.Koch) Polk*Orodrassus assimilus (Banks) Polk*Poecilochroa ocellata Yell(Walchkenaer)Zelotes henlzi (Barrows) PolkLINYPHIIDAE*liathyphanles pallida (Banks) Mont.Polk*Helophora insignis (Blankwall) PolkLepthyphantes nebulosa Scott(Sundevall)*Microneta viaria (Blackwall) PolkTennessellum formicum (Emerton) PolkScottLYCOSIDAEAllocosa funerea (Hentz) PolkArctosa rubicunda (Keyserling) PolkPardosa milvina (Hentz) PolkVirata minutus Emerton PolkPirata piratica (Clerck) ScottSchizocosa bilineata (Emerton) PolkNESTICIDAEEidmanella pallida (Emerton) Mont.Mont.YellPolkOXYOPIDAEOxyopes salticus Hentz PolkPHOLCIDAESpermophora meridionalis Hentzq YellSALTICIDAEBallus youngi G. &E.Peckham PolkEvarcha hoyi (G. &E. Peckham) Mont.Habrocestum pulex (Hentz) PolkPolk*Habronattus agilis (Banks) PolkHabronattus decorus (Blackwall) PolkSitticus palustris G. &E. Peckham PolkSEGESTRIDAEAriadna bicolor (Hentz) PolkTHERIDIIDAE*Achaeamnea rupicola Emerton PolkCtenium riparius (Keyserling) PolkMont.N. Slope Rich Mt 12/18/91Crystal Rec. Area 10/5/91Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92E. Slope Rich ML 9/28/91N. Slope Rich ML 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Crystal/Collier 7/7/91Cenay Creek WUd. 10/4/91E. Slope Rich Mt. 9/28/91MillCreek Rec. 2/11/92Albert Pike 8/24/91Caney Creek Wild 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/19/19Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91S. Blue MlLake 3/24/92N. Slope Rich ML 12/18/91Crystal/Collier 7/7/91Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91MillCreek Rec. 2/11/91Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91MillCreek Rec. 2/11/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91N. Slope Rich ML 9/28/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92DryCreek 5/15/92Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Crystal Rec. 10/5/91Little Mo.Falls 8/15/91S. Blue Mt.Lake 3/24/92Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Blue MlLake 3/24/92Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Albert Pike 8/24/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Rich Mr.Eagleton 1/9/92Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91N. Slope Rich Ml 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91LittleMo.Falls 8/15/91Fig. 1. Forest litter sample localities in the OuachitaHighlands during 1991 and 1992. Solid circles = primarysample sites. Open circles = secondary sample sites.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.49, 199546Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 49 [1995], Art. 11https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol49/iss1/1147Peggy Rae Dorris, Henry W.Robison and Chris CarltonDipoena nigra (Emerton) Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Pholocomma hirsutum Emerton Polk Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91Polk Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92Mont. Crystal Rec. 10/5/91*Theridion alabamense Polk Caney Creek Wild. 10/5/91Gert. &ArcherTHERIDIOSOMATIDAETheridiosoma radiosa (McCook) Polk E. Slope Rich Mt. 9/28/91THOMISIDAEMisumenops oblongus (Keyserling) Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Oxyptila distans Dondale Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91&RednerPolk Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Xysticus elegans Keyserling Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Xysticus locuples Keyserling Scott DryCreek 5/15/92Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91Polk Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91ULOBORIDAEUloborus diversus Marx Polk Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91These identifications are based on examinations of109 adult spiders. Generally, more spiders were collectedduring the colder months. This would be expectedbecause protection inleaf litter,debris, and other objectsis sought during the frigidmonths.Eidmanella pallida was the most abundant specieswith specimens collected in nearly all counties sampled.Nesticidae is a small family of widely distributed spiderswhich build their webs under stones, leaves, and otherdark places.Previously unrecorded species were collected in smallnumbers usually one to four specimens; however, nearlyevery county in the study area produced at least one newspecies. Significant range extensions from oak/hickoryslope habitats were seen in an extreme eastward move forCybaeus reticulatus and Xysticus locuples and a westwardmove for Oxyptila distans.Only six of the unrecorded species were collectedfrom oak/hickory slope habitats. They are: Hyposinga pyg-maea, Cybaeus reticulatus, Tegenaria domestica, Oxyptila dis-tans, Xysticus locuples, and Pholocomma hirsutum. Theremainder were collected inbeech/maple valley forests.ConclusionsThe Ouachita National Forest litter collections repre-senting Polk, Yell,Montgomery, and Scott Counties yield-ed 17 families, 51 genera, and 56 species of spiders. Thisnumber included 19 species not included in the Arkansaschecklists reported by Dorris (1985, 1989).Endemic faunas of the Magazine Mountain and theOuachitas are classic examples of relict faunas, and aremost closely related to the faunas of the Appalachians.Some aspects of this hypothesis are controversial, but theaccumulating data supporting it are compelling accordingto Carlton and Cox (1990), Babaei and Stanton (1992),Mohlenbrock (1993), Noble (1993), and Gleason et. al.(1994). The discovery of an apparently disjunct popula-tion of Calymmaria cavicola (previously known only fromVirginia south to Florida, west to Alabama, and Indiana)provides further evidence of this Appalachian relation-ship.This research has contributed to our knowledge ofspider diversity, seasonal utilization and microhabitat dis-tribution of litter faunas indeciduous valleys and slopesof the Ouachita Highlands. The discovery of19 species ofspiders previously unrecorded for Arkansas from a singlehabitat ina limited area highlights the need for detailedarthropod diversity research in other inadequately stud-ied habitats throughout the Interior Highlands.Acknowledgments.—Fieldwork by HWR and CECwas supported by a Challenge/Cost Share Agreementwith the U.S. Forest Service (USDA), Ouachita NationalForest, Hot Springs, AR.Identifications by PRD were made possible by aHenderson State University research grant.Literature CitedBabaei, A.and R.J. Staton, Jr. 1992. Two-decked natureof the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. Geology. 2:995-998.Comstock, J.H. 1948. The spider book. Cornell Univ.Press, Ithaca, New York. 729 pp.Carlton, C.E. and R.T. Cox. 1990. A new species ofArianops from central Arkansas and biogeographicimplications of the InteriorHighlands Arianopsspecies (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae). Coleops. Bull.44:365-371.Dorris, P.R. and F. Burnside. 1977. A continuation ofspider research in Arkansas: Ouachita Mountain area.Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 31:114-116.Dorris, P.R. 1985. Acheck list of the spiders of Arkansas.Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 39:34-39.Dorris, P.R. 1989. Additional records of spiders inArkansas. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 62:284-288.Emerton, J.H. 1902. The common spiders of the UnitedStates. Ginn and Co., Boston. 227 pp.Gleason, J.D., P.J. Patchett, W.R. Dickinson and J. Ruiz.1994. Nd isotopes link Ouachita turbidites toAppalachian sources. Geology 22:347-350.Heiss, J.S. and R.T.Allen. 1986. The Gnaphosidae ofArkansas. Ark.Exp. Sta. Bull.No. 887. 67 pp.Kaston, BJ. 1948. Spiders of Connecticut. ConnecticutGeol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull.No. 70. 874 pp.Kaston, BJ. 1978. How to know the spiders. 3rd ed. W.C.Brown Co., Dubuque, IA.272 pp.Mohlenbrock, R.H. 1993. Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas.Nat. Hist. 102:22-24.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.49, 199547Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 49 [1995], Art. 11Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1995Noble, P.J. 1993. Paleocceanographic and tectonic impli-cations of a regionally extensive Early Mississippianhiatus in the Ouachita system: southern and mid-con-tinental United States. Geology 21:315-318.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.49, 19954848Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 49 [1995], Art. 11https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol49/iss1/11

English

Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter of the Ouachita Highlands

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 49 Article 111995Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From DeciduousForest Litter of the Ouachita HighlandsPeggy Rae DorrisHenderson State UniversityHenry W. RobisonSouthern Arkansas UniversityChris CarltonLouisiana State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Entomology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academyof Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu.Recommended CitationDorris, Peggy Rae; Robison, Henry W.; and Carlton, Chris (1995) "Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter ofthe Ouachita Highlands," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 49 , Article 11.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol49/iss1/11Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter ofthe Ouachita HighlandsPeggy Rae DorrisDepartment of BiologyHenderson State UniversityArkadelphia, AR71999Henry W. RobisonDepartment of BiologySouthern Arkansas UniversityMagnolia, AR 71753Chris CarltonDepartment of BiologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, LA70803AbstractOne hundred two litter samples were collected from oak/hickory and maple/beech forests in the Ouachita Highlandsof western Arkansas July 1991-June 1992. Berlese residues of these collections produced 17 families, 51 genera, and 56species of spiders, and included 19 species previously unreported for the state of Arkansas.IntroductionA series of Berlese samples was collected during thecalendar year July 1991-June 1992 to assess the diversityand abundance of litter faunas of deciduous forest habi-tats in the Ouachita Highlands of western Arkansas.Moist deciduous valleys dominated by beech (Fagus gran-difolia), maples {Accer spp.), and white oak {Quercus alba),and moist deciduous slopes dominated by white oak{Quercus alba), black oak {Quercus velutina), and varioushickories {Carya spp.) were sampled. Our objectives wereto assess species richness and abundance of a wide rangeof taxa that occur in forest litter habitats, identify new orpreviously unrecorded species, and determine seasonalpatterns of some of the more abundant species.Dorris and Burnside (1977) employed sifting meth-ods and numerous other collecting techniques in theOuachita Highlands, but detailed analysis of forest litterarthropods of this region are lacking. This researchallows a more through understanding of spider diversity,seasonal utilization, and microhabitat distribution inupland regions of Arkansas.Materials and MethodsThe choice of deciduous forests in the OuachitaNational Forest as a study area was based on recent docu-mentation that suggest significant faunistic associationwith faunas in the southern Appalachian Mountains(Carlton and Cox, 1990, Gleason et. al., 1994,Mohlenbrock, 1993, Noble, 1993 and Babaei, 1992).Protected beech-maple valleys and north facing decidu-ous slopes were chosen because experience had suggestedthat they would yield the greatest diversity of any forestlitter habitats inthe Interior Highlands.Site selection was based on dominant tree composi-tion, ease of access, and past records of other interestingspecies. Primary sites were chosen during the first twoweeks of the study (July 1991). Secondary sites were cho-sen throughout the project. Primary sites were sampledrepeatedly throughout the study, secondary sites weresampled no more than twice.Five study sites (Fig. 1) in the Ouachita NationalForest where large areas of mature white oak orbeech/maple forest occur were selected for regular sam-plingduring this study. They are as follows:1. Near the corners of Scott, Logan, and YellCounties north of Blue Ball. White oak forest.2. Polk County, on the east and northeast slope ofRich Mountain. White oak forest.3. Montgomery County, Little Missouri FallsRecreation Area. Beech/maple forest.4. Polk County, in the vicinity of Shady Lake andBard Springs recreation areas. Beech/maple forest.5. Montgomery County, southeast of Mt.Ida betweenCollier Springs and Crystal Recreation Area.Beech/maple forest.These five areas circumscribe an area of approximate-ly 1600 square miles in the Ouachita Mountain coreregion.Litter samples were collected by sifting forest litter,including thoroughly rotted logs, leaf packs, root mats,and flood debris, through a 1/4 inch wire mesh sifter.The sifted sample was weighed and held ina cloth bag atroom temperature until extraction. Organisms wereextracted for 24 hours using Berlese funnels equippedwith incandescent lights. Spiders and other organismsextracted from the samples were preserved in 70%ethanol. The spiders were later sorted and identifiedusing a dissecting microscope. Sources used for identifica-tion of spiders included Kaston (1948, 1978), Comstock(1948), Heiss and Allen (1986), and Emerton (1902).Voucher specimens of identified taxa are deposited intheProceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.49, 199545Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 49 [1995], Art. 11Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 199546Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter of the Ouachita HighlandsHenderson State University spider collection.Results and DiscussionAtotal of 102 forest litter samples was collected from14 localities, five primary and nine secondary as shown inFig. 1. Seventeen families and 56 species among 51 gen-era of spiders were collected with 19 species having beenpreviously unrecorded for the state (Dorris 1985, 1989).Below a list of spider taxa and abbreviated locality infor-mation is provided. Species that are new for the state areindicated by an asterisk. More detailed locality data areavailable from HWR or CEC.Taxa County Location DateAGELENDIDAE*Calymmaria cavicola (Banks) Yell Blue Mt.Lake 3/24/92Mont. E. Crystal Mt. 10/5/91Circurina arcuata Keyserling Polk Caney Creek Wild. 6/19/92Polk E. Slope Rich Mt. 9/28/91Scott MillCreek Rec. 2/11/92*Circurina brevis (Emerton) Scott Dry Creek 5/15/92Cryphoeca montana Emerton Polk Caney Creek Wild 10/4/91Mont. Albert Pike 8/24/91Polk E. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Cybacus reticulatus Simon Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Tegenaria domestica(Clerck) Polk Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92AMAUROBIDAEAmaurobius ferox (Walckenaer) PolkTitanoeca americana Emerton MontARANEIDAEAraneus cingulatus (Walckenaer) PolkPolk*Hyposinga pygmaea (Sundevall) PolkCLUBIONIDAECastianeira cingulata (L. Koch) PolkClubiona obesa Hentz PolkClubionoides excepta (I..Koch) Mont.Trachelas deceptus (Banks) PolkTrachelas similis Cambridge PolkDICTYNIDAE*Dictyna sublata (Hentz) ScottGNAPHOSIDAEDrassodes neglectus (Keyserling) Mont.*Drassyllus agilis (Bryant) PolkDrassyllus covensis Exline PolkGnaphosa sericata (L.Koch) Polk*Haplodrassus signifer (L.Koch) Polk*Orodrassus assimilus (Banks) Polk*Poecilochroa ocellata Yell(Walchkenaer)Zelotes henlzi (Barrows) PolkLINYPHIIDAE*liathyphanles pallida (Banks) Mont.Polk*Helophora insignis (Blankwall) PolkLepthyphantes nebulosa Scott(Sundevall)*Microneta viaria (Blackwall) PolkTennessellum formicum (Emerton) PolkScottLYCOSIDAEAllocosa funerea (Hentz) PolkArctosa rubicunda (Keyserling) PolkPardosa milvina (Hentz) PolkVirata minutus Emerton PolkPirata piratica (Clerck) ScottSchizocosa bilineata (Emerton) PolkNESTICIDAEEidmanella pallida (Emerton) Mont.Mont.YellPolkOXYOPIDAEOxyopes salticus Hentz PolkPHOLCIDAESpermophora meridionalis Hentzq YellSALTICIDAEBallus youngi G. &E.Peckham PolkEvarcha hoyi (G. &E. Peckham) Mont.Habrocestum pulex (Hentz) PolkPolk*Habronattus agilis (Banks) PolkHabronattus decorus (Blackwall) PolkSitticus palustris G. &E. Peckham PolkSEGESTRIDAEAriadna bicolor (Hentz) PolkTHERIDIIDAE*Achaeamnea rupicola Emerton PolkCtenium riparius (Keyserling) PolkMont.N. Slope Rich Mt 12/18/91Crystal Rec. Area 10/5/91Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92E. Slope Rich ML 9/28/91N. Slope Rich ML 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Crystal/Collier 7/7/91Cenay Creek WUd. 10/4/91E. Slope Rich Mt. 9/28/91MillCreek Rec. 2/11/92Albert Pike 8/24/91Caney Creek Wild 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/19/19Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91S. Blue MlLake 3/24/92N. Slope Rich ML 12/18/91Crystal/Collier 7/7/91Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91MillCreek Rec. 2/11/91Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91MillCreek Rec. 2/11/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91N. Slope Rich ML 9/28/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92DryCreek 5/15/92Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Crystal Rec. 10/5/91Little Mo.Falls 8/15/91S. Blue Mt.Lake 3/24/92Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Blue MlLake 3/24/92Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Albert Pike 8/24/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Rich Mr.Eagleton 1/9/92Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91N. Slope Rich Ml 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91LittleMo.Falls 8/15/91Fig. 1. Forest litter sample localities in the OuachitaHighlands during 1991 and 1992. Solid circles = primarysample sites. Open circles = secondary sample sites.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.49, 199546Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 49 [1995], Art. 11http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol49/iss1/1147Peggy Rae Dorris, Henry W.Robison and Chris CarltonDipoena nigra (Emerton) Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Pholocomma hirsutum Emerton Polk Caney Creek Wild. 10/4/91Polk Rich Mt.Eagleton 1/9/92Mont. Crystal Rec. 10/5/91*Theridion alabamense Polk Caney Creek Wild. 10/5/91Gert. &ArcherTHERIDIOSOMATIDAETheridiosoma radiosa (McCook) Polk E. Slope Rich Mt. 9/28/91THOMISIDAEMisumenops oblongus (Keyserling) Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Oxyptila distans Dondale Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91&RednerPolk Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91Xysticus elegans Keyserling Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91*Xysticus locuples Keyserling Scott DryCreek 5/15/92Polk N. Slope Rich Mt. 12/18/91Polk Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91ULOBORIDAEUloborus diversus Marx Polk Caney Creek Wild. 12/18/91These identifications are based on examinations of109 adult spiders. Generally, more spiders were collectedduring the colder months. This would be expectedbecause protection inleaf litter,debris, and other objectsis sought during the frigidmonths.Eidmanella pallida was the most abundant specieswith specimens collected in nearly all counties sampled.Nesticidae is a small family of widely distributed spiderswhich build their webs under stones, leaves, and otherdark places.Previously unrecorded species were collected in smallnumbers usually one to four specimens; however, nearlyevery county in the study area produced at least one newspecies. Significant range extensions from oak/hickoryslope habitats were seen in an extreme eastward move forCybaeus reticulatus and Xysticus locuples and a westwardmove for Oxyptila distans.Only six of the unrecorded species were collectedfrom oak/hickory slope habitats. They are: Hyposinga pyg-maea, Cybaeus reticulatus, Tegenaria domestica, Oxyptila dis-tans, Xysticus locuples, and Pholocomma hirsutum. Theremainder were collected inbeech/maple valley forests.ConclusionsThe Ouachita National Forest litter collections repre-senting Polk, Yell,Montgomery, and Scott Counties yield-ed 17 families, 51 genera, and 56 species of spiders. Thisnumber included 19 species not included in the Arkansaschecklists reported by Dorris (1985, 1989).Endemic faunas of the Magazine Mountain and theOuachitas are classic examples of relict faunas, and aremost closely related to the faunas of the Appalachians.Some aspects of this hypothesis are controversial, but theaccumulating data supporting it are compelling accordingto Carlton and Cox (1990), Babaei and Stanton (1992),Mohlenbrock (1993), Noble (1993), and Gleason et. al.(1994). The discovery of an apparently disjunct popula-tion of Calymmaria cavicola (previously known only fromVirginia south to Florida, west to Alabama, and Indiana)provides further evidence of this Appalachian relation-ship.This research has contributed to our knowledge ofspider diversity, seasonal utilization and microhabitat dis-tribution of litter faunas indeciduous valleys and slopesof the Ouachita Highlands. The discovery of19 species ofspiders previously unrecorded for Arkansas from a singlehabitat ina limited area highlights the need for detailedarthropod diversity research in other inadequately stud-ied habitats throughout the Interior Highlands.Acknowledgments. —Fieldwork by HWR and CECwas supported by a Challenge/Cost Share Agreementwith the U.S. Forest Service (USDA), Ouachita NationalForest, Hot Springs, AR.Identifications by PRD were made possible by aHenderson State University research grant.Literature CitedBabaei, A.and R.J. Staton, Jr. 1992. Two-decked natureof the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. Geology. 2:995-998.Comstock, J.H. 1948. The spider book. Cornell Univ.Press, Ithaca, New York. 729 pp.Carlton, C.E. and R.T. Cox. 1990. A new species ofArianops from central Arkansas and biogeographicimplications of the InteriorHighlands Arianopsspecies (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae). Coleops. Bull.44:365-371.Dorris, P.R. and F. Burnside. 1977. A continuation ofspider research in Arkansas: Ouachita Mountain area.Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 31:114-116.Dorris, P.R. 1985. Acheck list of the spiders of Arkansas.Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 39:34-39.Dorris, P.R. 1989. Additional records of spiders inArkansas. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 62:284-288.Emerton, J.H. 1902. The common spiders of the UnitedStates. Ginn and Co., Boston. 227 pp.Gleason, J.D., P.J. Patchett, W.R. Dickinson and J. Ruiz.1994. Nd isotopes link Ouachita turbidites toAppalachian sources. Geology 22:347-350.Heiss, J.S. and R.T.Allen. 1986. The Gnaphosidae ofArkansas. Ark.Exp. Sta. Bull.No. 887. 67 pp.Kaston, BJ. 1948. Spiders of Connecticut. ConnecticutGeol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull.No. 70. 874 pp.Kaston, BJ. 1978. How to know the spiders. 3rd ed. W.C.Brown Co., Dubuque, IA.272 pp.Mohlenbrock, R.H. 1993. Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas.Nat. Hist. 102:22-24.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.49, 199547Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 49 [1995], Art. 11Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1995Noble, P.J. 1993. Paleocceanographic and tectonic impli-cations of a regionally extensive Early Mississippianhiatus in the Ouachita system: southern and mid-con-tinental United States. Geology 21:315-318.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.49, 19954848Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 49 [1995], Art. 11http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol49/iss1/11

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Spiders (Arthropoda: Aranea) From Deciduous Forest Litter of the Ouachita Highlands

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