The present work clarifies the following problems: (a) How was the mountaineering in Azuma Range historically developed, after the Itaya Pass Railway (Ou Main Line from Fukushima to Yonezawa) was opened in 1899 ? (b) How was Azuma Range described within mountaineering literature in modern Japan ? (c) How Can the landscapes of Azuma Range and Itaya Pass be considered as a cultural landscape ? As a result of the whole discussion, thelandscapes of Azuma Range and Itaya Pass formed by opening of the railway and prosperity of Azuma Range\u27s mountaineering, including valuable facilities and their remmants for mountaineering and the railway, can be appropriately termed a cultural landscape as the combined works of nature and man.
