Hanelt, B.

McAllister, C. T.

Robison, H. W.

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 66 Article 35 2012 New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha: Gordiida) in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Chordodes morgani and Paragordius varius H. W. Robison Southern Arkansas University C. T. McAllister Eastern Oklahoma State College, cmcallister@se.edu B. Hanelt University of New Mexico Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Robison, H. W.; McAllister, C. T.; and Hanelt, B. (2012) "New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha: Gordiida) in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Chordodes morgani and Paragordius varius," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 66 , Article 35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2012.6628 Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol66/iss1/35 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66, 2012197New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha:Gordiida) in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Chordodes morgani andParagordius variusH.W. Robison1, C.T. McAllister2, 4, and B. Hanelt31Department of Biology, Southern Arkansas University, Magnolia, AR 717542Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 747453Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,NM 871314Correspondence:cmcallister@se.eduJuvenile horsehair (gordiid) worms(Nematomorpha) are obligate parasites of terrestrialarthropods (often crickets and beetles) and, as adults,are free–living in freshwater sites including lakes,streams, and rivers. They are cosmopolitan indistribution with about 18 species reported from NorthAmerica (Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003, Poinar andChandler 2004, Poinar et al. 2004). Compared to otheranimal phyla, until recently (see Hanelt et al. 2005,Looney et al. 2012), gordiids have received relativelylittle attention.The first report of a horsehair worm from Arkansaswas of Gordius robustus Leidy, 1851 by Montgomery(1907). Unfortunately, no specific locality data wasprovided. McDaniel and Smith (1976) reportedundetermined gordiids from caves in Izard and Stonecounties of the state. In addition, Huggins and Harp(1983) reported a Paragordius sp. during a generalsurvey on aquatic macroinvertebrates from the HiattPrairie region of northwestern Arkansas, but providedno specific identification. Others have done likewise,including Cochran and Harp (1990), who reportedGordius sp. and Paragordius sp. from the St. FrancisSunken Lands of northeastern Arkansas, and Chordaset al. (1996) reported Paragordius sp. from the WhiteRiver National Wildlife Refuge. To our knowledge,the only other report of horsehair worms from the statewas by Harp and Robison (2006), who reportedunidentified gordiids from the Strawberry River systemof northcentral Arkansas. Herein we document thefirst report of 2 species of gordiid worms from the stateas well as new county distributional records for thoseof the Gordius sp. “complex.”Between March 1980 and November 2006,collections of freshwater (free–living) horsehair wormswere made in 14 counties of Arkansas, includingCraighead, Columbia, Franklin, Howard,Independence, Lincoln, Monroe, Montgomery,Poinsett, Pulaski, Randolph, Sharp, Stone, and White.Specimens were collected by hand and/or aquaticdipnet and placed in vials of 70% ethanol or isopropylalcohol. Most were identified and deposited originallyin the G. L. Harp Macroinvertebrate Collection atArkansas State University (ASUMZ) or teachingcollections at Harding University. Recently, we wereable to re–examine these specimens and verify theiroriginal identifications. Voucher specimens have beentransferred to the University of New Mexico Museumof Southwestern Biology (MSB), Parasite Division,Albuquerque, New Mexico (MSB: PARA: 1177–1202).The posterior end of each worm was examined forspecies–level characters. In addition, from eachspecimen, a cuticle preparation was made for study bylight microscopy. A 0.5mm section was taken from theworm’s midsection and the underlying tissue wasremoved using a razor blade. The cuticle was placedonto a slide with 70% ethanol ensuring that part of thecuticle was folded under to allow for investigation ofcuticular structures from a lateral view. Worms wereidentified by their posterior and cuticle structures basedon a key and photomicrographs provided by Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. (2003).On further examination, specimens were identifiedas Chordodes morgani Montgomery, 1898,Paragordius varius (Leidy, 1851), and Gordius sp.“complex.” This is the first time C. morgani has beenreported from Arkansas as well as the first report of P.varius being definitively reported from the state. Inaddition, we report new geographic distribution(county) records in Arkansas for horsehair worms ofthe Gordius sp. “complex”.Gordiid species (Fig. 1) are presented along withtheir distributional information (county, specificlocality, collection date, collector, sex [if known],remarks).197Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66 [2012], Art. 35Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2012H.W. Robison, C.T. McAllister, and B. HaneltJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66, 2012198Annotated List of SpeciesChordodes morgani Montgomery, 1898.–MonroeCo., Indian Bayou at St. Hwy 1 bridge, 30 June 1990,S. W. Chordas, III, ♂. First report from the state (Fig.1); apparently misidentified as Paragordius sp. (seeChordas et al. 1996). Chordodes morgani haspreviously been reported from 15 states, includingFlorida, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan,Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio,Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, andWisconsin, but none of the Canadian Provinces(Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003).Figure 1. County distribution of gordiids in Arkansas. Symbols:triangle (Chordodes morgani), dots (Paragordius varius), stars(Gordius sp. “complex”).Paragordius varius (Leidy, 1851).–Arkansas Co.,White River reservoir, 11 Aug. 1990, S. W. Chordas,III, ♂; Escrogens Lake, White River National WildlifeRefuge, 21 Aug. 1990, S. W. Chordas, III, ♂.Franklin Co., Hiatt Creek, 11 Oct. 1980, J. Huggins,♂. Lincoln Co., Arkansas River at Lock and Dam No.3, Huff’s Island Use Area, 1 Sept. 1986, G. L. & P. A.Harp, ♂. Monroe Co., Indian Bayou at St. Hwy 1bridge, 2 July 1986, G. L. & P. A. Harp, ♀. PoinsettCo., Steven’s Landing, St. Francis River, 17 Oct. 1987,B. Crump, ♂; Snowden’s Field Bridge, St. FrancisRiver, 17 Oct. 1987, B. Crump, 2♂.  Pulaski Co.,Little Rock, 13 Aug. 1985, R. Shields, ♀. Sharp Co.,South Big Creek at St. Hwy 115 bridge, 5 Sept. 1988,G. L. Harp, ♂. First definitive report of P. varius inArkansas (Fig. 1); some specimens above previouslyreported only as a Paragordius sp. from the state (seeHuggins and Harp 1983, Cochran and Harp 1990,Chordas et al. 1996). A summary of the previouslyknown records of P. varius was provided by Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. (2003). However, more recently, Harp etal. (2008) and McAllister et al. (2013) reported P.varius from Missouri and Oklahoma, respectively. Thespecies has also been reported from Arizona,California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois,Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts,Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, NewMexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,Wisconsin, and Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada(Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003).Gordius sp. (“complex”)–Columbia Co.,Magnolia, 3 Jan. 1982, H. W. Robison, 70 (sexundetermined). Craighead Co., Jonesboro, 29 Nov.1988, B. Griffith, ♂; Jonesboro, Simmons Bankparking lot, 22 Feb. 1994, P. Daniel, ♂; Patrick Street,Jonesboro, 7 Dec. 1994, unknown collector, ♂.Howard Co., Cossatot River at St. Hwy 4 bridge, 10May 1997, H. W. Robison, ♂, ♀. Independence Co.,Batesville, 3 Apr. 1999, J. Wells, ♂. Montgomery Co.,Caddo River just above confluence with South Fork,28 Dec. 1985, P. Raines, 2♂, ♀; Brushy Creek, 24Aug. 1991, unknown collector, ♂. Randolph Co.,Janes Creek at St. Hwy 90 bridge, 15 Feb. 1985, 17Mar. 1985, 15 Nov. 1985, & 15 Dec. 1985, S.Moulton, 4♀. Sharp Co., Rock Creek, 5.6 km N ofSitka, 22 Mar. 1980, G. L. Harp, ♂, ♀. Stone Co.,wellhouse, 23 Feb. 1987, M. Cartwright, sex unknown(specimen degraded). White Co., Searcy, HardingUniversity, 16 Nov. 2006, S. Gray, ♂. We report 9new county records for horsehair worms of theGordius sp. (complex) (Fig. 1). Cochran and Harp(1990) previously reported a Gordius sp. from PoinsettCounty.In addition to Arkansas, Gordius robustus has beendocumented previously from California, Colorado,Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas,Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana,Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, NorthCarolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, andWisconsin, and Alberta and New Brunswick, Canada(Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003).The name Gordius robustus has been used forgordiids found across North America with a (1)postcloacal crescent in the ♂, and (2) cuticle devoid ofareolation (Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003). However,recent behavioral observations and genetic study has198Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66 [2012], Art. 35https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol66/iss1/35DOI: https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2012.6628New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha: Gordiida) in ArkansasJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66, 2012199shown that G. robustus consists of a cryptic speciescomplex containing as many as 8 species (B. Haneltpers. obs.). In the future, the exact identity of theworms collected as part of the current study will bedetermined using genetic markers.AcknowledgmentsWe thank the various collectors who providedmany of these specimens. We especially thank Drs. G.L. Harp (ASUMZ) and J. Goy (Harding University)who allowed us to examine specimens previouslyunder their care and P. Cochran (St. Mary’sUniversity) for technical assistance. We also thank B.Fails (EOSC) for help with formatting. This work wassupported by the National Science Foundation, DEB–0950066 to BH.Literature CitedChordas S III, GL Harp and GW Wolfe. 1996. Theaquatic macroinvertebrates of the White RiverNational Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas. Proceedingsof the Arkansas Academy of Science 50:42-51.Cochran BG and GL Harp. 1990. The aquaticmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of the ArkansasAcademy of Science 44:23-27.Hanelt B, F Thomas, and A Schmidt–Rhaesa. 2005.Biology of the phylum Nematomorpha. Advancesin Parasitology 59:243-305.Harp GL and HW Robison. 2006. Aquaticmacroinvertebrates of the Strawberry River systemin north–central Arkansas. Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science 60:46-61.Harp G, P Harp and S McCord. 2008. Aquaticmacroinvertebrates collected from thirty–twoMissouri Ozark streams. Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science 62:61-74.Huggins JA and GL Harp. 1983. Aquaticmacroinvertebrates of the Hiatt Prairie region,Franklin County, Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 37:92-94.Looney C, B Hanelt and RS Zack. 2012. Newrecords of nematomorph parasites(Nematomorpha: Gordiida) of ground beetles(Coleoptera: Carabidae) and camel crickets(Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) in WashingtonState. Journal of Parasitology 98:554-559.McAllister CT, MG Bolek and B Hanelt. 2013. Thehorsehair worm, Paragordius varius(Nematomorpha: Gordiida): New to the fauna ofOklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 58:(in press).McDaniel VR and KL Smith. 1976. Cave fauna ofArkansas: Selected invertebrate records.Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science30:57-60.Montgomery TH. 1907. The description of the NorthAmerican Gordiacea, with description of a newspecies. Proceedings of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 59:270-272.Poinar Jr GO and CM Chandler. 2004. Synopsisand identification of North American hairworms(Gordioidea: Nematomorpha). Journal of theTennessee Academy of Science 79:1-7.Poinar Jr GO, J Rykken and J LaBonte. 2004.Parachordodes tegonotus n. sp. (Gordioidea:Nematomorpha) a hairworm parasite of groundbeetles (Carabidae: Coleoptera) with a summary ofgordiid parasites of carabids. SystematicParasitology 58:139-148.Schmidt–Rhaesa A, B Hanelt and WK Reeves. 2003.Redescription and compilation of Nearcticfreshwater Nematomorpha (Gordiida), with thedescription of two new species. Proceedings of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia153:77-117.199Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66 [2012], Art. 35Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2012

English

New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha: Gordiida) in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Chordodes morgani and Paragordius varius

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 66 Article 352012New Geographic Distribution Records forHorsehair Worms (Nematomorpha: Gordiida) inArkansas, Including New State Records forChordodes morgani and Paragordius variusH. W. RobisonSouthern Arkansas UniversityC. T. McAllisterEastern Oklahoma State College, cmcallister@se.eduB. HaneltUniversity of New MexicoFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Entomology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu.Recommended CitationRobison, H. W.; McAllister, C. T.; and Hanelt, B. (2012) "New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms(Nematomorpha: Gordiida) in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Chordodes morgani and Paragordius varius," Journal of theArkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 66 , Article 35.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol66/iss1/35Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66, 2012197New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha:Gordiida) in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Chordodes morgani andParagordius variusH.W. Robison1, C.T. McAllister2, 4, and B. Hanelt31Department of Biology, Southern Arkansas University, Magnolia, AR 717542Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 747453Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,NM 871314Correspondence:cmcallister@se.eduJuvenile horsehair (gordiid) worms(Nematomorpha) are obligate parasites of terrestrialarthropods (often crickets and beetles) and, as adults,are free–living in freshwater sites including lakes,streams, and rivers. They are cosmopolitan indistribution with about 18 species reported from NorthAmerica (Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003, Poinar andChandler 2004, Poinar et al. 2004). Compared to otheranimal phyla, until recently (see Hanelt et al. 2005,Looney et al. 2012), gordiids have received relativelylittle attention.The first report of a horsehair worm from Arkansaswas of Gordius robustus Leidy, 1851 by Montgomery(1907). Unfortunately, no specific locality data wasprovided. McDaniel and Smith (1976) reportedundetermined gordiids from caves in Izard and Stonecounties of the state. In addition, Huggins and Harp(1983) reported a Paragordius sp. during a generalsurvey on aquatic macroinvertebrates from the HiattPrairie region of northwestern Arkansas, but providedno specific identification. Others have done likewise,including Cochran and Harp (1990), who reportedGordius sp. and Paragordius sp. from the St. FrancisSunken Lands of northeastern Arkansas, and Chordaset al. (1996) reported Paragordius sp. from the WhiteRiver National Wildlife Refuge. To our knowledge,the only other report of horsehair worms from the statewas by Harp and Robison (2006), who reportedunidentified gordiids from the Strawberry River systemof northcentral Arkansas. Herein we document thefirst report of 2 species of gordiid worms from the stateas well as new county distributional records for thoseof the Gordius sp. “complex.”Between March 1980 and November 2006,collections of freshwater (free–living) horsehair wormswere made in 14 counties of Arkansas, includingCraighead, Columbia, Franklin, Howard,Independence, Lincoln, Monroe, Montgomery,Poinsett, Pulaski, Randolph, Sharp, Stone, and White.Specimens were collected by hand and/or aquaticdipnet and placed in vials of 70% ethanol or isopropylalcohol. Most were identified and deposited originallyin the G. L. Harp Macroinvertebrate Collection atArkansas State University (ASUMZ) or teachingcollections at Harding University. Recently, we wereable to re–examine these specimens and verify theiroriginal identifications. Voucher specimens have beentransferred to the University of New Mexico Museumof Southwestern Biology (MSB), Parasite Division,Albuquerque, New Mexico (MSB: PARA: 1177–1202).The posterior end of each worm was examined forspecies–level characters. In addition, from eachspecimen, a cuticle preparation was made for study bylight microscopy. A 0.5mm section was taken from theworm’s midsection and the underlying tissue wasremoved using a razor blade. The cuticle was placedonto a slide with 70% ethanol ensuring that part of thecuticle was folded under to allow for investigation ofcuticular structures from a lateral view. Worms wereidentified by their posterior and cuticle structures basedon a key and photomicrographs provided by Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. (2003).On further examination, specimens were identifiedas Chordodes morgani Montgomery, 1898,Paragordius varius (Leidy, 1851), and Gordius sp.“complex.” This is the first time C. morgani has beenreported from Arkansas as well as the first report of P.varius being definitively reported from the state. Inaddition, we report new geographic distribution(county) records in Arkansas for horsehair worms ofthe Gordius sp. “complex”.Gordiid species (Fig. 1) are presented along withtheir distributional information (county, specificlocality, collection date, collector, sex [if known],remarks).197Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66 [2012], Art. 35Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2012H.W. Robison, C.T. McAllister, and B. HaneltJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66, 2012198Annotated List of SpeciesChordodes morgani Montgomery, 1898.–MonroeCo., Indian Bayou at St. Hwy 1 bridge, 30 June 1990,S. W. Chordas, III, ♂. First report from the state (Fig.1); apparently misidentified as Paragordius sp. (seeChordas et al. 1996). Chordodes morgani haspreviously been reported from 15 states, includingFlorida, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan,Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio,Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, andWisconsin, but none of the Canadian Provinces(Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003).Figure 1. County distribution of gordiids in Arkansas. Symbols:triangle (Chordodes morgani), dots (Paragordius varius), stars(Gordius sp. “complex”).Paragordius varius (Leidy, 1851).–Arkansas Co.,White River reservoir, 11 Aug. 1990, S. W. Chordas,III, ♂; Escrogens Lake, White River National WildlifeRefuge, 21 Aug. 1990, S. W. Chordas, III, ♂.Franklin Co., Hiatt Creek, 11 Oct. 1980, J. Huggins,♂. Lincoln Co., Arkansas River at Lock and Dam No.3, Huff’s Island Use Area, 1 Sept. 1986, G. L. & P. A.Harp, ♂. Monroe Co., Indian Bayou at St. Hwy 1bridge, 2 July 1986, G. L. & P. A. Harp, ♀. PoinsettCo., Steven’s Landing, St. Francis River, 17 Oct. 1987,B. Crump, ♂; Snowden’s Field Bridge, St. FrancisRiver, 17 Oct. 1987, B. Crump, 2♂.  Pulaski Co.,Little Rock, 13 Aug. 1985, R. Shields, ♀. Sharp Co.,South Big Creek at St. Hwy 115 bridge, 5 Sept. 1988,G. L. Harp, ♂. First definitive report of P. varius inArkansas (Fig. 1); some specimens above previouslyreported only as a Paragordius sp. from the state (seeHuggins and Harp 1983, Cochran and Harp 1990,Chordas et al. 1996). A summary of the previouslyknown records of P. varius was provided by Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. (2003). However, more recently, Harp etal. (2008) and McAllister et al. (2013) reported P.varius from Missouri and Oklahoma, respectively. Thespecies has also been reported from Arizona,California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois,Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts,Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, NewMexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,Wisconsin, and Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada(Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003).Gordius sp. (“complex”)–Columbia Co.,Magnolia, 3 Jan. 1982, H. W. Robison, 70 (sexundetermined). Craighead Co., Jonesboro, 29 Nov.1988, B. Griffith, ♂; Jonesboro, Simmons Bankparking lot, 22 Feb. 1994, P. Daniel, ♂; Patrick Street,Jonesboro, 7 Dec. 1994, unknown collector, ♂.Howard Co., Cossatot River at St. Hwy 4 bridge, 10May 1997, H. W. Robison, ♂, ♀. Independence Co.,Batesville, 3 Apr. 1999, J. Wells, ♂. Montgomery Co.,Caddo River just above confluence with South Fork,28 Dec. 1985, P. Raines, 2♂, ♀; Brushy Creek, 24Aug. 1991, unknown collector, ♂. Randolph Co.,Janes Creek at St. Hwy 90 bridge, 15 Feb. 1985, 17Mar. 1985, 15 Nov. 1985, & 15 Dec. 1985, S.Moulton, 4♀. Sharp Co., Rock Creek, 5.6 km N ofSitka, 22 Mar. 1980, G. L. Harp, ♂, ♀. Stone Co.,wellhouse, 23 Feb. 1987, M. Cartwright, sex unknown(specimen degraded). White Co., Searcy, HardingUniversity, 16 Nov. 2006, S. Gray, ♂. We report 9new county records for horsehair worms of theGordius sp. (complex) (Fig. 1). Cochran and Harp(1990) previously reported a Gordius sp. from PoinsettCounty.In addition to Arkansas, Gordius robustus has beendocumented previously from California, Colorado,Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas,Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana,Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, NorthCarolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, andWisconsin, and Alberta and New Brunswick, Canada(Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003).The name Gordius robustus has been used forgordiids found across North America with a (1)postcloacal crescent in the ♂, and (2) cuticle devoid ofareolation (Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003). However,recent behavioral observations and genetic study has198Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66 [2012], Art. 35http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol66/iss1/35New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha: Gordiida) in ArkansasJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66, 2012199shown that G. robustus consists of a cryptic speciescomplex containing as many as 8 species (B. Haneltpers. obs.). In the future, the exact identity of theworms collected as part of the current study will bedetermined using genetic markers.AcknowledgmentsWe thank the various collectors who providedmany of these specimens. We especially thank Drs. G.L. Harp (ASUMZ) and J. Goy (Harding University)who allowed us to examine specimens previouslyunder their care and P. Cochran (St. Mary’sUniversity) for technical assistance. We also thank B.Fails (EOSC) for help with formatting. This work wassupported by the National Science Foundation, DEB–0950066 to BH.Literature CitedChordas S III, GL Harp and GW Wolfe. 1996. Theaquatic macroinvertebrates of the White RiverNational Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas. Proceedingsof the Arkansas Academy of Science 50:42-51.Cochran BG and GL Harp. 1990. The aquaticmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of the ArkansasAcademy of Science 44:23-27.Hanelt B, F Thomas, and A Schmidt–Rhaesa. 2005.Biology of the phylum Nematomorpha. Advancesin Parasitology 59:243-305.Harp GL and HW Robison. 2006. Aquaticmacroinvertebrates of the Strawberry River systemin north–central Arkansas. Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science 60:46-61.Harp G, P Harp and S McCord. 2008. Aquaticmacroinvertebrates collected from thirty–twoMissouri Ozark streams. Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science 62:61-74.Huggins JA and GL Harp. 1983. Aquaticmacroinvertebrates of the Hiatt Prairie region,Franklin County, Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 37:92-94.Looney C, B Hanelt and RS Zack. 2012. Newrecords of nematomorph parasites(Nematomorpha: Gordiida) of ground beetles(Coleoptera: Carabidae) and camel crickets(Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) in WashingtonState. Journal of Parasitology 98:554-559.McAllister CT, MG Bolek and B Hanelt. 2013. Thehorsehair worm, Paragordius varius(Nematomorpha: Gordiida): New to the fauna ofOklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 58:(in press).McDaniel VR and KL Smith. 1976. Cave fauna ofArkansas: Selected invertebrate records.Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science30:57-60.Montgomery TH. 1907. The description of the NorthAmerican Gordiacea, with description of a newspecies. Proceedings of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 59:270-272.Poinar Jr GO and CM Chandler. 2004. Synopsisand identification of North American hairworms(Gordioidea: Nematomorpha). Journal of theTennessee Academy of Science 79:1-7.Poinar Jr GO, J Rykken and J LaBonte. 2004.Parachordodes tegonotus n. sp. (Gordioidea:Nematomorpha) a hairworm parasite of groundbeetles (Carabidae: Coleoptera) with a summary ofgordiid parasites of carabids. SystematicParasitology 58:139-148.Schmidt–Rhaesa A, B Hanelt and WK Reeves. 2003.Redescription and compilation of Nearcticfreshwater Nematomorpha (Gordiida), with thedescription of two new species. Proceedings of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia153:77-117.199Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 66 [2012], Art. 35Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2012

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New Geographic Distribution Records for Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha: Gordiida) in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Chordodes morgani and Paragordius varius

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