Haley, Jason A.

Marsh, Daniel L.

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 55 Article 26 2001 Diversity of Lamium (Lamiceae) in Arkansas, Including Occurrences of Lamium hybridum and Flower Color Forms Jason A. Haley Henderson State University Daniel L. Marsh Henderson State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Haley, Jason A. and Marsh, Daniel L. (2001) "Diversity of Lamium (Lamiceae) in Arkansas, Including Occurrences of Lamium hybridum and Flower Color Forms," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 55 , Article 26. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol55/iss1/26 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. 175Diversity ofLamium (Lamiaceae) in Arkansas, Including OccurrencesofLamium hybridum and Flower Color FormsJason A.Haley and Daniel L.MarshDepartment of BiologyHenderson State UniversityArkadelphia, AR 71923Two species of Lamium, Lamium purpureum L. andLamium amplexicaule L., are common throughout Arkansas(Smith, 1988). We are reporting a third species, Lamiumhybridum Vill.,which has been found at several locations inthe state.The epithet suggests a hybrid origin of this taxon, andvarious authors have regarded it as originating from L.pur-pureum and either L. amplexicaule or some other species(Fernald, 1970; Gleason, 1952; Tutin et al., 1972). Little andWarburg (1953) found the balance of evidence against thishypothesis and pointed out that when L.hybridum seeds ger-minated none of the progeny show characteristics interme-diate between those of L. purpureum and L. amplexicaule.Jones and Jones (1965) reported that artificial crossesbetween L.purpureum and L.amplexicaule were unsuccessful.They also constructed a hybrid index in an area where bothL.purpureum and L.amplexicaule had been growing togetherfor several years and found that no individuals showingcharacteristics of a hybrid were present.tinthe field, L.hybridum can easily be distinguishedimL.purpureum and L. amplexicaule by leaf characteristics,te leaves of L.hybridum are somewhat similar to those ofpurpureum, but the blades are distinctly notched, not?rely toothed. The upper leaves of L.purpureum and L.bridum have petioles, whereas the upper leaves of L.iplexicaule do not. L.purpureum has a ringof hairs insidejbase of the corolla. L.hybridum and L.amplexicaule lacks characteristic.Other distinctions have been made between the threespecies inthe laboratory. While L.purpureum and L. amplex-icaule have a haploid chromosome number of nine, L.hybridum has a haploid chromosome number of eighteen,making it a possible allopolyploid (Taylor, 1991). Taylor'senzyme electrophoretic analysis of the three species indi-cates that ifL.hybridum is of hybrid origin then L.purpureums likely to be a parent, but L. amplexicaule is not. He has alsocompared the anthocyanins that occur in the three species.The anthocyanins of L. hybridum were found to be moreclosely related to that of L.purpureum (Taylor, 1991).Our cursory investigation of the pigments in the threepecies supports a closer relationship between the pigmentsbund in L.purpureum and L.hybridum than those found inL. amplexicaule. Pigments were extracted from plants of thehree species using hot water. The extracts were thencanned in a Cary 50 ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Theresulting absorption curves for the three species showed acloser relationship between the pigments of L. purpureumand L. amplexicaule than those of L. hybridum.Populations of L. hybridum have been found in fivecounties in Arkansas. Voucher specimens from each ofthese counties were deposited in the Henderson StateUniversity Herbarium (HEND). D. L. McDaniel 290 wascollected inMidway inHot Spring County. D. W. Smith 107was collected in Hempstead County. Haley 027 wascollected in Garland County north of Hot Springs onHighway Five and was associated with both L.purpureumand L. amplexicaule. Marsh 9604 was also collected inGarland County and was associated with L. amplexicaule.Marsh 9468 was collected at the Lower Dam RecreationArea at Lake DeGray inClark County, and Marsh 9490 wascollected at the Highway 7 Ouachita River Access also inClark County. Marsh 9672 was collected inNevada County.In all locations, except the one site in Nevada County, L.hybridum was associated with at least one other species ofLamium.Lamium hybridum seems to be the same taxon that somesources designate L. purpureum var. incisum (Willd.) Pers.,and Kartesz (1994) adopts this usage with the notation "auct.non Vill." attached to the synonymized binomial. Ourreview of the literature and field studies lead us to disagreewith this interpretation, and we conclude that L.hybridum isa well-defined species. Itis distinguished from L.purpureumby chromosome number as well as morphological charac-ters, and it occurs in populations that are extensive and dis-tinctive. Itfrequently occurs sympatrically withL.purpureumwith no intermediates between the two taxa. L.hybridum isprobably widespread but often overlooked because of itssuperficial resemblance to L.purpureum.Variation in the flower color of L.amplexicaule and L.purpureum was also observed during field investigations.Dwight Moore (1941) reported the white-flowered form ofL. amplexicaule in Arkansas and designated it as Lamiumamplexicaule forma albiflorum. This form reportedly not onlyhad white flowers but lacked the red pigment throughoutthe stem and leaves (Moore, 1941). Smith (1988) states thatthe white-flowered form is scattered throughout Arkansas.We have found this form only in two locations inMalvern,in Hot Spring County. Marsh 9492 was collected atCentennial Park, where L. amplexicaule forma albiflorumoccurs as a substantial population. The other site, consistingJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55, 2001175Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55 [2001], Art. 26Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 20011?»176Flower Color Formsof only a few plants, is in Malvern ina citypark offHighway270. L. amplexicaule forma albiflorum, L. amplexicaule, L.hybridum, and L.purpureum were all observed at this loca-tion.Valentine, S. M. Walters, and D.A.Webb (eds). 1972.Flora Europaea. Vol. 3 Cambridge Univ. Press, xxix+i . r370 pp.Lamium purpureum occurs in three different color forms.Besides the normal dark purple coloration of the top leavesand flowers, a form also exists that has pale pink flowers andless purple coloration in the stem and leaves. We willinfor-mally refer to this as the pastel form. The pastel form, as wellas the white-flowered form, occurs indistinct patches amongthe normal purple form. The white-flowered form of L.pur-pureum has been previously reported in Washington County(Smith, 1988). We are reporting several more locations forthis form. T. Fulmer found two sites for the white-floweredform in Clark County. One site is at the Lower DamRecreation Area at Lake DeGray. The other site in ClarkCounty is on the northern end of the Ouachita BaptistUniversity campus. The authors found the white-floweredform of L.purpureum in Little Rock at the corner of CedarHilland Brookwood inPulaski County. Atthis location allthree color forms were present. Haley 025, a voucher speci-men of the pastel form, and Haley 026, a voucher specimenof the white-flowered form, were collected at this location.The white-flowered form also lacks the purple pigment inthe stem and leaves. The stem and leaves have a yellowishcolor.Literature CitedFernald, M.L. 1970. Gray's manual of botany, eighth edi-tion.D. Van Nostrand Company, xiv + 1632 pp.Gleason, H.A.1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrat-ed flora of the northeastern United States and adjacentCanada. Vol.3 New York Botanical Garden, iii+ 589pp.rones, S. B.,Jr., and C. A.Jones. 1965. Status of Lamiumhybridum Vill.(Labiatae). Amer. Midi.Nat. 74:503-505.Kartesz, J.T. 1994. Asynonymized checklist of the vascularflora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland, 2nded. Vol. 1-Checklist. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.xi+ 622 pp.Little,J. E. and E. F. Warburg. 1953. Lamium hybridum Vill.Watsonia. 2:361-368.Moore, D. M. 1941. White-flowered forms of someArkansas wild flowers. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 1:25-27.Smith, E.B. 1988. An atlas and annotated list of the vascu-lar plants of Arkansas, second edition. Published by theauthor, iv+ 489 pp.rylor, R.J. 1991. The origin of Lamium hybridum, a casestudy in the search for the parents of hybrid species.Northwest Sci. 65:116-124.T\itin, T. G., V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burgess, D. H.Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55, 2001176Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55 [2001], Art. 26https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol55/iss1/26

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Diversity of Lamium (Lamiceae) in Arkansas, Including Occurrences of Lamium hybridum and Flower Color Forms

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 55 Article 262001Diversity of Lamium (Lamiceae) in Arkansas,Including Occurrences of Lamium hybridum andFlower Color FormsJason A. HaleyHenderson State UniversityDaniel L. MarshHenderson State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Botany CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu.Recommended CitationHaley, Jason A. and Marsh, Daniel L. (2001) "Diversity of Lamium (Lamiceae) in Arkansas, Including Occurrences of Lamiumhybridum and Flower Color Forms," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 55 , Article 26.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol55/iss1/26175Diversity ofLamium (Lamiaceae) in Arkansas, Including OccurrencesofLamium hybridum and Flower Color FormsJason A.Haley and Daniel L.MarshDepartment of BiologyHenderson State UniversityArkadelphia, AR 71923Two species of Lamium, Lamium purpureum L. andLamium amplexicaule L., are common throughout Arkansas(Smith, 1988). We are reporting a third species, Lamiumhybridum Vill.,which has been found at several locations inthe state.The epithet suggests a hybrid origin of this taxon, andvarious authors have regarded it as originating from L.pur-pureum and either L. amplexicaule or some other species(Fernald, 1970; Gleason, 1952; Tutin et al., 1972). Little andWarburg (1953) found the balance of evidence against thishypothesis and pointed out that when L.hybridum seeds ger-minated none of the progeny show characteristics interme-diate between those of L. purpureum and L. amplexicaule.Jones and Jones (1965) reported that artificial crossesbetween L.purpureum and L.amplexicaule were unsuccessful.They also constructed a hybrid index in an area where bothL.purpureum and L.amplexicaule had been growing togetherfor several years and found that no individuals showingcharacteristics of a hybrid were present.tin the field, L.hybridum can easily be distinguishedimL.purpureum and L. amplexicaule by leaf characteristics,te leaves of L.hybridum are somewhat similar to those ofpurpureum, but the blades are distinctly notched, not?rely toothed. The upper leaves of L.purpureum and L.bridum have petioles, whereas the upper leaves of L.iplexicaule do not. L.purpureum has a ringof hairs insidejbase of the corolla. L.hybridum and L.amplexicaule lacks characteristic.Other distinctions have been made between the threespecies inthe laboratory. While L.purpureum and L. amplex-icaule have a haploid chromosome number of nine, L.hybridum has a haploid chromosome number of eighteen,making it a possible allopolyploid (Taylor, 1991). Taylor'senzyme electrophoretic analysis of the three species indi-cates that ifL.hybridum is of hybrid origin then L.purpureums likely to be a parent, but L. amplexicaule is not. He has alsocompared the anthocyanins that occur in the three species.The anthocyanins of L. hybridum were found to be moreclosely related to that of L.purpureum (Taylor, 1991).Our cursory investigation of the pigments in the threepecies supports a closer relationship between the pigmentsbund in L.purpureum and L.hybridum than those found inL. amplexicaule. Pigments were extracted from plants of thehree species using hot water. The extracts were thencanned in a Cary 50 ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Theresulting absorption curves for the three species showed acloser relationship between the pigments of L. purpureumand L. amplexicaule than those of L. hybridum.Populations of L. hybridum have been found in fivecounties in Arkansas. Voucher specimens from each ofthese counties were deposited in the Henderson StateUniversity Herbarium (HEND). D. L. McDaniel 290 wascollected inMidway inHot Spring County. D. W. Smith 107was collected in Hempstead County. Haley 027 wascollected in Garland County north of Hot Springs onHighway Five and was associated with both L.purpureumand L. amplexicaule. Marsh 9604 was also collected inGarland County and was associated with L. amplexicaule.Marsh 9468 was collected at the Lower Dam RecreationArea at Lake DeGray inClark County, and Marsh 9490 wascollected at the Highway 7 Ouachita River Access also inClark County. Marsh 9672 was collected inNevada County.In all locations, except the one site in Nevada County, L.hybridum was associated with at least one other species ofLamium.Lamium hybridum seems to be the same taxon that somesources designate L. purpureum var. incisum (Willd.) Pers.,and Kartesz (1994) adopts this usage with the notation "auct.non Vill." attached to the synonymized binomial. Ourreview of the literature and field studies lead us to disagreewith this interpretation, and we conclude that L.hybridum isa well-defined species. Itis distinguished from L.purpureumby chromosome number as well as morphological charac-ters, and it occurs in populations that are extensive and dis-tinctive. Itfrequently occurs sympatrically withL.purpureumwith no intermediates between the two taxa. L.hybridum isprobably widespread but often overlooked because of itssuperficial resemblance to L.purpureum.Variation in the flower color of L.amplexicaule and L.purpureum was also observed during field investigations.Dwight Moore (1941) reported the white-flowered form ofL. amplexicaule in Arkansas and designated it as Lamiumamplexicaule forma albiflorum. This form reportedly not onlyhad white flowers but lacked the red pigment throughoutthe stem and leaves (Moore, 1941). Smith (1988) states thatthe white-flowered form is scattered throughout Arkansas.We have found this form only in two locations inMalvern,in Hot Spring County. Marsh 9492 was collected atCentennial Park, where L. amplexicaule forma albiflorumoccurs as a substantial population. The other site, consistingJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55, 2001175Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55 [2001], Art. 26Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 20011?»176Flower Color Formsof only a few plants, is in Malvern ina citypark offHighway270. L. amplexicaule forma albiflorum, L. amplexicaule, L.hybridum, and L.purpureum were all observed at this loca-tion.Valentine, S. M. Walters, and D.A.Webb (eds). 1972.Flora Europaea. Vol. 3 Cambridge Univ. Press, xxix+i . r370 pp.Lamium purpureum occurs in three different color forms.Besides the normal dark purple coloration of the top leavesand flowers, a form also exists that has pale pink flowers andless purple coloration in the stem and leaves. We willinfor-mally refer to this as the pastel form. The pastel form, as wellas the white-flowered form, occurs indistinct patches amongthe normal purple form. The white-flowered form of L.pur-pureum has been previously reported in Washington County(Smith, 1988). We are reporting several more locations forthis form. T. Fulmer found two sites for the white-floweredform in Clark County. One site is at the Lower DamRecreation Area at Lake DeGray. The other site in ClarkCounty is on the northern end of the Ouachita BaptistUniversity campus. The authors found the white-floweredform of L.purpureum in Little Rock at the corner of CedarHilland Brookwood inPulaski County. Atthis location allthree color forms were present. Haley 025, a voucher speci-men of the pastel form, and Haley 026, a voucher specimenof the white-flowered form, were collected at this location.The white-flowered form also lacks the purple pigment inthe stem and leaves. The stem and leaves have a yellowishcolor.Literature CitedFernald, M.L. 1970. Gray's manual of botany, eighth edi-tion.D. Van Nostrand Company, xiv + 1632 pp.Gleason, H.A.1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrat-ed flora of the northeastern United States and adjacentCanada. Vol.3 New York Botanical Garden, iii+ 589pp.rones, S. B.,Jr., and C. A.Jones. 1965. Status of Lamiumhybridum Vill.(Labiatae). Amer. Midi.Nat. 74:503-505.Kartesz, J.T. 1994. Asynonymized checklist of the vascularflora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland, 2nded. Vol. 1-Checklist. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.xi+ 622 pp.Little,J. E. and E. F. Warburg. 1953. Lamium hybridum Vill.Watsonia. 2:361-368.Moore, D. M. 1941. White-flowered forms of someArkansas wild flowers. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 1:25-27.Smith, E.B. 1988. An atlas and annotated list of the vascu-lar plants of Arkansas, second edition. Published by theauthor, iv+ 489 pp.rylor, R.J. 1991. The origin of Lamium hybridum, a casestudy in the search for the parents of hybrid species.Northwest Sci. 65:116-124.T\itin, T. G., V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burgess, D. H.Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55, 2001176Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55 [2001], Art. 26http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol55/iss1/26

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Diversity of Lamium (Lamiceae) in Arkansas, Including Occurrences of Lamium hybridum and Flower Color Forms

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