Recently, a population of pocket gophers in the north-central portion of Arkansas was determined to be the plains pocket gopher (Geomys Imrsarius), rather than Baird\u27s pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps). This changed the known range of both species extensively. A detailed examination of the known range of Baird\u27s pocket gophers (G. breviceps) in Arkansas resulted in 12 new county records. Biogeographically, G. breviceps appears to be found in all physiographic regions within the state with the possible exception ofCrowley\u27s ridge. It is most common in the Gulf Coastal Plain and rarest in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. The distribution ofG. breviceps is consistent with the hypothesis that glaciation events, together withnorthward invasions from Louisiana and eastern Texas and eastward invasions from Oklahoma (around the Ouachita Mountains) were major creational forces in the establishment of the present G. breviceps distribution in Arkansas

Elrod, Douglas A.

Heidt, Gary A.

Ingraham, Mark R.

Zimmerman, Earl G.

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 50 Article 101996Distribution of Baird's Pocket Gopher (Geomysbreviceps) In Arkansas; with Additional CountyRecordsDouglas A. ElrodUniversity of North TexasGary A. HeidtUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockMark R. IngrahamUniversity of North TexasEarl G. ZimmermanUniversity of North TexasFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Zoology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academyof Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu.Recommended CitationElrod, Douglas A.; Heidt, Gary A.; Ingraham, Mark R.; and Zimmerman, Earl G. (1996) "Distribution of Baird's Pocket Gopher(Geomys breviceps) In Arkansas; with Additional County Records," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 50 , Article 10.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol50/iss1/10I?52Distribution ofBaird's Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps)InArkansas With Additional County RecordsDouglas A.Elrod, Gary A.Heidt, Mark R. Ingraham and Earl G. ZimmermanDepartment of Biological Sciences, University ofNorth TexasP.O. Box 5218, Denton, TX 76203 (DAE, MRI, EGZ)andDepartment of Biology, University ofArkansas at Little Rock2801 S. University, Little Rock, AR 72203 (GAH)AbstractRecently, a population ofpocket gophers in the north-central portion of Arkansas was determined to be the plainspocket gopher (Geomys Imrsarius), rather than Baird's pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps). This changed the known range ofboth species extensively. A detailed examination of the known range of Baird's pocket gophers (G. breviceps) in Arkansasresulted in 12 new county records. Biogeographically, G. breviceps appears to be found in all physiographic regions withinthe state with the possible exception ofCrowley's ridge. It is most common in the Gulf Coastal Plain and rarest in theMississippi Alluvial Plain. The distribution ofG. breviceps is consistent with the hypothesis that glaciation events, togetherwithnorthward invasions from Louisiana and eastern Texas and eastward invasions from Oklahoma (around the OuachitaMountains) were major creational forces in the establishment of the present G. breviceps distribution in Arkansas.IntroductionPocket gophers, genus Geomys, are small (173-357mm) fossorial rodents suitably adapted for a burrowingexistence. The genus possesses: strongly clawed front legs,tiny eyes, round small ears, and external fur-lined cheekpouches. Geomys sp. range from southern Manitoba,Canada across the central United States to Texas and east-ward to the Mississippi river in the south and into Indianain the north. Also, two disjunct species occur: one,Geomys pineatus in the extreme southeastern UnitedStates, and the other, Geomys tropicalis along the north-eastern coast ofMexico.Heaney and Timm (1983), using morphology andectoparasite data, tentatively reported only one species ofpocket gopher (Geomys breviceps) inhabiting Arkansas andexpressed the need for more research to be done in thisarea. Based on this Sealander and Heidt (1990) reportedG. breviceps to occur in the state exclusively. They report-ed the distribution of pocket gophers in Arkansas toinclude the West Gulf Coastal Plain, the OuachitaMountains, and the western and southern portions of theOzark mountains.Recently, Elrod et al. (in press) reported that pocketgophers in one population in Izard county were actuallythe plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursar ins) rather than G.breviceps as previously thought. The presence ofG. bursar-ius rather than G. breviceps in this county greatly alteredthe geographic distribution of G. breviceps in Arkansas asdepicted by Sealander and Heidt (1990). The purpose ofthis study was to investigate the biogeographical distribu-tions and describe new county records lor G. breviceps inArkansas.Materials and MethodsDuring vehicle surveys (from March 1995 to April1996) of 27 counties, pocket gopher mounds (dirtdeposited at the surface, excavated during tunneling)were observed and pocket gophers were collected usingVictor gopher traps (Woodstream Corp, Lititz,PA). Trapswere checked approximately every two hours to insure tis-sue quality. Voucher specimens were prepared, and tis-sues (liver and muscle) were removed and stored at -80 Cfor subsequent allozymic analysis. Allspecimens weredeposited in the Vertebrate Museum at the University ofArkansas at LittleRock.Taxonomic identification was accomplished followingthe horizontal starch gel electrophoresis techniques ofBohlin and Zimmerman (1982) and Elrod et al. (inpress).Specifically, the fixed alternate alleles malate dehydroge-nase (Nadp+)(Mdhp-l, EC 1.1.1.40) and alcohol dehydro-genase (Adh-1,E.C. 1.1.1.1.) which have been shown to bediagnostic in Arkansas for G. bursar ins and G. brevicepswere examined (Elrod et al., in press). Also, the species-specific chewing lice (genus Geomydoecus) of pocketgophers were evaluated based on morphological criteriaestablished by Timm and Price (1980).The recent review of the literature and specimenrecords from 22 museums by Sealander and Heidt (1990)provided the basic data base from which the biogeo-graphic distributions of Geomys in Arkansas were investi-gated.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.50, 199652Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 50 [1996], Art. 10Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 199653ResultsOf the 27 counties surveyed, no evidence of pocketgophers were observed (mounds of earth) or collectedfrom the following counties despite extensive survey:Arkansas, Conway, Cross, Garland, Montgomery, Lonoke,Perry, Pope, St. Francis, Stone, Van Buren, White,Woodruff, and Yell. Pocket gophers colected from theremaining 13 counties were subjected to allozyme elec-trophoresis and it was determined that the Mdhp-2 andAdh-1 loci were consistant with the findings of Elrod etal. (in press) for Geomys breviceps. The ectoparasite analy-sis was found to be concordant with the allozyme analysis,and it was concluded that pocket gophers analyzed in thisstudy were G. brviceps. Therefore, 13 new county recordsare established for G. breviceps in Arkansas. Localitiesand samples sizes are as follows:Ashley County, 5 miles Norh ofCrossett, n=4Calhoun County, 3.5 miles West ofHampton, n=l;Cleburne County, Junction ofHwy 25 andHwy5, n=5;Crawford County, 0.5 miles East of the Junction ofHwy64 and 71, n=5;Faulkner County, Levee of Arkansas River, 10 milesWest ofLake Conway, n=2;Hot Spring County, 8 miles Northeast Malvern, n=l;Lincoln County, 3.1 miles North of Yorktown, n=2Logan County, 10 miles South of Paris, n=5;Pike County, 1mile East ofKirby,n=2Polk County, Grannis, on Hwy 71, n=2Prairie County, 2 miles South ofHickory Plains, n=lScott County, 1mile East of Mansfield, n=4; 0.5 milesWest ofAbbott. n=lWashington County, Farmington, n=lDiscussionIn light of these new county records, a conservativerange for G. breviceps in Arkansas is presented in Fig. 1.To date, G. breviceps has been found to occur in four ofthe five major physiographic regions (Ozark Mountains,Ouachita Mountains, West Gulf Coastal Plain, and theMississippi AlluvialPlain) within Arkansas. The specieshas yet to be collected from Crowley's Ridge.Of the four physiographic regions G. breviceps occu-pies, it is most common in the West Gulf Coastal Plain,where it occurs inall counties. Itis rare in the MississippiAlluvialPlain being found only in Prairie County locatedFig. 1. Current conservative distribution of Geomys brevi-ceps in Arkansas.in the Grand Prairie subdivision. In the Ozark andOauchita Mountains (withthe exception of the ArkansasRiver Valley), pocket gophers are fairly uncommonPocket gopher populations in these areas appear to existprimarly in scattered islands of suitable habitat. Theseislands are often associated with old creek and river bedswhere deposits of sand are located. Also, loamy well-drained soils where erosion has been minimal on moun-tain sides and tops appear utilized. Apparently as long asa corridor for dispersal exists into suitable habitat colo-nization has occured.A hiatus in G. breviceps' distribution within Arkansasoccurs in the Ouachita Mountains and runs northeast-ward to the Arkansas River (Fig. 1). This area apparentlyseparates G. breviceps into two distinct groupings (westernand south-central). The hiatus between the groupingshas been extensively surveyed for pocket gophers; howev-er, none has been located to date.Based on fossil remains, current pocket gopher distri-butions have been attributed to past glaciation events(Russell, 1968). These glacials and interglacials allowedpocket gopher populations to advance and withdraw peri-odically. It is thought that G. bursarius and G. brevicepsarose from a common ancestor (Russell, 1968; Davis,1986). Heaney and Timm (1983) suggest that the splitbetween the G. bursarius and G. breviceps ancestorsoccured during the Kansan glaciation with the speciationof the G. breviceps group occurring at some later time.Thus, glacial events would have had an impact on the spe-ciation of G. breviceps and would have had a major influ-ence on the present day distributions ofG. breviceps.Inaddition to or as a result ofglacial history, the cur-rent proposed distribution ofG. breviceps in Arkansas canbest be explained by two colonization events. One inva-Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.50, 199653Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 50 [1996], Art. 10http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol50/iss1/10sion must have had a combined source from Louisianaand east Texas populations. These populations movedinto the Gulf Coastal Plain via northern expansions fromLouisiana and northeastern expansions from East Texas,and moved upward through suitable habitat into the)uachita Mountains. Another invasion came from)klahoma eastward into the Ouachita and OzarkMountains (particularly the Arkansas River Valley) ofArkansas. Based on available information (Russell, 1968),lese invasions probably occurred after the Wisconsinrlaciation.Recent colonization events appear to have occurredlorth of the Arkansas River in the central portion of thetate. The route ofcolonization is uncertain even thought has been surveyed extensively. It should be noted that aontact zone between G. breviceps and G. bursarius is beingpproached in the Ozark Mountains. At present, knownDopulations ofboth species are separated by a distance ofpproximately 50km and a mountain range. Populationsfboth species, are found in close proximity to the Whiteliver,a potential corridor to dispersal.Ifin the future, populations are identified from therea located along the Arkansas River (linking the tworoups of G. breviceps), genetic investigations willneed to>e conducted in order to determine relatedness of thecopulations. In addition, because pocket gophers seemo have colonized suitable habitat which may be isolated,we feel that more localities willbe discovered which willlikelyalter the proposed distribution presented herein.Acknowledgements. —Diana Elrod, MelaneyIirdsong, Jeff Whitt, and Danny Gentry assisted with por-ons of field work. Thanks is also extended to employeesf the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service namely David Goad, Y.D.Whitehurst, and Glenn and Joy Wilks. This research wassponsored in part by Sigma Xi in the form of a grant toD.A. Elrod.and northern great plains. Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat.Hist., Univ. Kansas, 74:1-59.Russell, RJ. 1968. Evolution and classification of thepocket gophers of the subfamily Geomyinae. Misc.Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ Kansas, 16:475-579.Sealander, J.A. and G.A.Heidt. 1990. Arkansas mam-mals: Their natural history, classification, and distribution. Univ. Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, 308 pp.Timm, R.M. and R. D.Price. 1980. The taxonomy ofGeomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from theGeomys bursarius complex (Rodentia: Geomyidae). J.Med.Entomol., 17:126-145.Literature CitedBohlin, R.G. and E.G. Zimmerman. 1982. Genie differentiation oftwo chromosomal races of the Geomysbursarius complex. J. Mamm., 63:218-228.Elrod, D.A.,G.A.Heidt, D.M.A.Elrod, MBirdsong andE.G. Zimmerman, inpress. A second species ofpocket gopher in Arkansas. Southw. Nat.rvis, S.K. 1986. Population structure and patterns ofspeciation inGeomys (Rodentia: Geomyidae): ananalysis using mitochondria] and ribosomal DNA.Unpubl. Ph. D. Dissert. Washington University,St Louis, MO, 188 pp.Ieaney L.R. and R.M. Timm 1983. Relationships ofpocket gophers of the genus Geomys from the centralProceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.50, 199654Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 50 [1996], Art. 10Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1996

Distribution of Baird\u27s Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps) In Arkansas; with Additional County Records

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 50 Article 10 1996 Distribution of Baird's Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps) In Arkansas; with Additional County Records Douglas A. Elrod University of North Texas Gary A. Heidt University of Arkansas at Little Rock Mark R. Ingraham University of North Texas Earl G. Zimmerman University of North Texas Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Elrod, Douglas A.; Heidt, Gary A.; Ingraham, Mark R.; and Zimmerman, Earl G. (1996) "Distribution of Baird's Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps) In Arkansas; with Additional County Records," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 50 , Article 10. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol50/iss1/10 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. I?52Distribution ofBaird's Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps)InArkansas With Additional County RecordsDouglas A.Elrod, Gary A.Heidt, Mark R. Ingraham and Earl G. ZimmermanDepartment of Biological Sciences, University ofNorth TexasP.O. Box 5218, Denton, TX 76203 (DAE, MRI, EGZ)andDepartment of Biology, University ofArkansas at Little Rock2801 S. University, Little Rock, AR 72203 (GAH)AbstractRecently, a population ofpocket gophers in the north-central portion of Arkansas was determined to be the plainspocket gopher (Geomys Imrsarius), rather than Baird's pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps). This changed the known range ofboth species extensively. A detailed examination of the known range of Baird's pocket gophers (G. breviceps) in Arkansasresulted in 12 new county records. Biogeographically, G. breviceps appears to be found in all physiographic regions withinthe state with the possible exception ofCrowley's ridge. It is most common in the Gulf Coastal Plain and rarest in theMississippi Alluvial Plain. The distribution ofG. breviceps is consistent with the hypothesis that glaciation events, togetherwithnorthward invasions from Louisiana and eastern Texas and eastward invasions from Oklahoma (around the OuachitaMountains) were major creational forces in the establishment of the present G. breviceps distribution in Arkansas.IntroductionPocket gophers, genus Geomys, are small (173-357mm) fossorial rodents suitably adapted for a burrowingexistence. The genus possesses: strongly clawed front legs,tiny eyes, round small ears, and external fur-lined cheekpouches. Geomys sp. range from southern Manitoba,Canada across the central United States to Texas and east-ward to the Mississippi river in the south and into Indianain the north. Also, two disjunct species occur: one,Geomys pineatus in the extreme southeastern UnitedStates, and the other, Geomys tropicalis along the north-eastern coast ofMexico.Heaney and Timm (1983), using morphology andectoparasite data, tentatively reported only one species ofpocket gopher (Geomys breviceps) inhabiting Arkansas andexpressed the need for more research to be done in thisarea. Based on this Sealander and Heidt (1990) reportedG. breviceps to occur in the state exclusively. They report-ed the distribution of pocket gophers in Arkansas toinclude the West Gulf Coastal Plain, the OuachitaMountains, and the western and southern portions of theOzark mountains.Recently, Elrod et al. (in press) reported that pocketgophers in one population in Izard county were actuallythe plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursar ins) rather than G.breviceps as previously thought. The presence ofG. bursar-ius rather than G. breviceps in this county greatly alteredthe geographic distribution of G. breviceps in Arkansas asdepicted by Sealander and Heidt (1990). The purpose ofthis study was to investigate the biogeographical distribu-tions and describe new county records lor G. breviceps inArkansas.Materials and MethodsDuring vehicle surveys (from March 1995 to April1996) of 27 counties, pocket gopher mounds (dirtdeposited at the surface, excavated during tunneling)were observed and pocket gophers were collected usingVictor gopher traps (Woodstream Corp, Lititz,PA). Trapswere checked approximately every two hours to insure tis-sue quality. Voucher specimens were prepared, and tis-sues (liver and muscle) were removed and stored at -80 Cfor subsequent allozymic analysis. Allspecimens weredeposited in the Vertebrate Museum at the University ofArkansas at LittleRock.Taxonomic identification was accomplished followingthe horizontal starch gel electrophoresis techniques ofBohlin and Zimmerman (1982) and Elrod et al. (inpress).Specifically, the fixed alternate alleles malate dehydroge-nase (Nadp+)(Mdhp-l, EC 1.1.1.40) and alcohol dehydro-genase (Adh-1,E.C. 1.1.1.1.) which have been shown to bediagnostic in Arkansas for G. bursar ins and G. brevicepswere examined (Elrod et al., in press). Also, the species-specific chewing lice (genus Geomydoecus) of pocketgophers were evaluated based on morphological criteriaestablished by Timm and Price (1980).The recent review of the literature and specimenrecords from 22 museums by Sealander and Heidt (1990)provided the basic data base from which the biogeo-graphic distributions of Geomys in Arkansas were investi-gated.Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.50, 199652Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 50 [1996], Art. 10Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 199653ResultsOf the 27 counties surveyed, no evidence of pocketgophers were observed (mounds of earth) or collectedfrom the following counties despite extensive survey:Arkansas, Conway, Cross, Garland, Montgomery, Lonoke,Perry, Pope, St. Francis, Stone, Van Buren, White,Woodruff, and Yell. Pocket gophers colected from theremaining 13 counties were subjected to allozyme elec-trophoresis and it was determined that the Mdhp-2 andAdh-1 loci were consistant with the findings of Elrod etal. (in press) for Geomys breviceps. The ectoparasite analy-sis was found to be concordant with the allozyme analysis,and it was concluded that pocket gophers analyzed in thisstudy were G. brviceps. Therefore, 13 new county recordsare established for G. breviceps in Arkansas. Localitiesand samples sizes are as follows:Ashley County, 5 miles Norh ofCrossett, n=4Calhoun County, 3.5 miles West ofHampton, n=l;Cleburne County, Junction ofHwy 25 andHwy5, n=5;Crawford County, 0.5 miles East of the Junction ofHwy64 and 71, n=5;Faulkner County, Levee of Arkansas River, 10 milesWest ofLake Conway, n=2;Hot Spring County, 8 miles Northeast Malvern, n=l;Lincoln County, 3.1 miles North of Yorktown, n=2Logan County, 10 miles South of Paris, n=5;Pike County, 1mile East ofKirby,n=2Polk County, Grannis, on Hwy 71, n=2Prairie County, 2 miles South ofHickory Plains, n=lScott County, 1mile East of Mansfield, n=4; 0.5 milesWest ofAbbott. n=lWashington County, Farmington, n=lDiscussionIn light of these new county records, a conservativerange for G. breviceps in Arkansas is presented in Fig. 1.To date, G. breviceps has been found to occur in four ofthe five major physiographic regions (Ozark Mountains,Ouachita Mountains, West Gulf Coastal Plain, and theMississippi AlluvialPlain) within Arkansas. The specieshas yet to be collected from Crowley's Ridge.Of the four physiographic regions G. breviceps occu-pies, it is most common in the West Gulf Coastal Plain,where it occurs inall counties. Itis rare in the MississippiAlluvialPlain being found only in Prairie County locatedFig. 1. Current conservative distribution of Geomys brevi-ceps in Arkansas.in the Grand Prairie subdivision. In the Ozark andOauchita Mountains (withthe exception of the ArkansasRiver Valley), pocket gophers are fairly uncommonPocket gopher populations in these areas appear to existprimarly in scattered islands of suitable habitat. Theseislands are often associated with old creek and river bedswhere deposits of sand are located. Also, loamy well-drained soils where erosion has been minimal on moun-tain sides and tops appear utilized. Apparently as long asa corridor for dispersal exists into suitable habitat colo-nization has occured.A hiatus in G. breviceps' distribution within Arkansasoccurs in the Ouachita Mountains and runs northeast-ward to the Arkansas River (Fig. 1). This area apparentlyseparates G. breviceps into two distinct groupings (westernand south-central). The hiatus between the groupingshas been extensively surveyed for pocket gophers; howev-er, none has been located to date.Based on fossil remains, current pocket gopher distri-butions have been attributed to past glaciation events(Russell, 1968). These glacials and interglacials allowedpocket gopher populations to advance and withdraw peri-odically. It is thought that G. bursarius and G. brevicepsarose from a common ancestor (Russell, 1968; Davis,1986). Heaney and Timm (1983) suggest that the splitbetween the G. bursarius and G. breviceps ancestorsoccured during the Kansan glaciation with the speciationof the G. breviceps group occurring at some later time.Thus, glacial events would have had an impact on the spe-ciation of G. breviceps and would have had a major influ-ence on the present day distributions ofG. breviceps.Inaddition to or as a result ofglacial history, the cur-rent proposed distribution ofG. breviceps in Arkansas canbest be explained by two colonization events. One inva-Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.50, 199653Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 50 [1996], Art. 10https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol50/iss1/10sion must have had a combined source from Louisianaand east Texas populations. These populations movedinto the Gulf Coastal Plain via northern expansions fromLouisiana and northeastern expansions from East Texas,and moved upward through suitable habitat into the)uachita Mountains. Another invasion came from)klahoma eastward into the Ouachita and OzarkMountains (particularly the Arkansas River Valley) ofArkansas. Based on available information (Russell, 1968),lese invasions probably occurred after the Wisconsinrlaciation.Recent colonization events appear to have occurredlorth of the Arkansas River in the central portion of thetate. The route ofcolonization is uncertain even thought has been surveyed extensively. It should be noted that aontact zone between G. breviceps and G. bursarius is beingpproached in the Ozark Mountains. At present, knownDopulations ofboth species are separated by a distance ofpproximately 50km and a mountain range. Populationsfboth species, are found in close proximity to the Whiteliver,a potential corridor to dispersal.Ifin the future, populations are identified from therea located along the Arkansas River (linking the tworoups of G. breviceps), genetic investigations willneed to>e conducted in order to determine relatedness of thecopulations. In addition, because pocket gophers seemo have colonized suitable habitat which may be isolated,we feel that more localities willbe discovered which willlikelyalter the proposed distribution presented herein.Acknowledgements.—Diana Elrod, MelaneyIirdsong, Jeff Whitt, and Danny Gentry assisted with por-ons of field work. Thanks is also extended to employeesf the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service namely David Goad, Y.D.Whitehurst, and Glenn and Joy Wilks. This research wassponsored in part by Sigma Xi in the form of a grant toD.A. Elrod.and northern great plains. Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat.Hist., Univ. Kansas, 74:1-59.Russell, RJ. 1968. Evolution and classification of thepocket gophers of the subfamily Geomyinae. Misc.Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ Kansas, 16:475-579.Sealander, J.A. and G.A.Heidt. 1990. Arkansas mam-mals: Their natural history, classification, and distribution. Univ. Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, 308 pp.Timm, R.M. and R. D.Price. 1980. The taxonomy ofGeomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from theGeomys bursarius complex (Rodentia: Geomyidae). J.Med.Entomol., 17:126-145.Literature CitedBohlin, R.G. and E.G. Zimmerman. 1982. Genie differentiation oftwo chromosomal races of the Geomysbursarius complex. J. Mamm., 63:218-228.Elrod, D.A.,G.A.Heidt, D.M.A.Elrod, MBirdsong andE.G. Zimmerman, inpress. A second species ofpocket gopher in Arkansas. Southw. Nat.rvis, S.K. 1986. Population structure and patterns ofspeciation inGeomys (Rodentia: Geomyidae): ananalysis using mitochondria] and ribosomal DNA.Unpubl. Ph. D. Dissert. Washington University,St Louis, MO, 188 pp.Ieaney L.R. and R.M. Timm 1983. Relationships ofpocket gophers of the genus Geomys from the centralProceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol.50, 199654Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 50 [1996], Art. 10Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1996

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Distribution of Baird\u27s Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps) In Arkansas; with Additional County Records

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