Connior, M. B.

Durden, L. A.

McAllister, C. T.

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 67 Article 34 2013 Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Neohaematopinus spp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae) C. T. McAllister Eastern Oklahoma State College, cmcallister@se.edu M. B. Connior South Arkansas Community College L. A. Durden Georgia Southern University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Animal Diseases Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation McAllister, C. T.; Connior, M. B.; and Durden, L. A. (2013) "Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Neohaematopinus spp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae)," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 67 , Article 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2013.6729 Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol67/iss1/34 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67, 2013197Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in Arkansas, Including New State Records forNeohaematopinus spp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae)C.T. McAllister1*, M.B. Connior2, and L.A. Durden31Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 747452Health and Natural Sciences, South Arkansas Community College, 300 S. West Ave., El Dorado, AR 717303Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458*Correspondence:cmcallister@se.eduRunning Title: Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in ArkansasCompared to its surrounding states, little is knownabout the ectoparasites (bugs, fleas, flies, lice, mites,ticks) infesting the wild mammals of Arkansas (AR)(Bequaert 1946, Sealander and Young 1954, Tugwelland Lancaster 1962, Schiefer and Lancaster 1970,Lancaster 1973, Whitaker and Wilson 1974, Ellis1975, Price et al. 1982, Steward et al. 1986, Durdenand Musser 1994). However, some studies specificallyon ectoparasites of mammals have been published. Forexample, Richardson et al. (1994) reported records ofvarious ectoparasites from raccoons (Procyon lotor) inthe state, and Elrod et al. (1996) reported ectoparasitesfrom the endemic Ozark pocket gopher (Geomysbursarius ozarkensis). Here, we report information ona flea, 3 ticks, a chigger, and 3 sucking lice speciesfrom sciurid rodents, including the first report of thesucking lice, Neohematopinus sciurinus (Mjöberg) andNeohaematopinus sciuropteri (Osborn) from the state.Various sciurid rodents, including 2 eastern graysquirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and their nests, 2 foxsquirrels (Sciurus niger), and a single easternchipmunk, (Tamias striatus) from Marion Co., and 10southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) fromUnion Co. were collected using live box traps fromDec. 2012 to Feb. 2013. After being euthanized,according to accepted guidelines (Sikes et al. 2011),specimens were processed following standard methods(Gardner 1996) and their ectoparasites identified usingappropriate guides (Wharton and Fuller 1952, Keiransand Clifford 1978, Benton 1983, Kim et al. 1986,Keirans and Durden 1998). Voucher specimens ofhosts were deposited in the mammal collection atHenderson State University (HSU). Ectoparasites weredeposited in the General Ectoparasite Collection in theDepartment of Biology at Georgia Southern University(accession nos. L3549–3553, L3559-3560, L3570-3571, L3593-3594Both S. carolinensis and S. niger were infestedwith sucking lice, including 1 S. carolinensis with 2female Neohematopinus sciuri Jancke, 2 S. niger withN. sciurinus (1 squirrel with 1 male louse, the otherwith 2 female lice), and 1 G. volans with a female N.sciuropteri. In addition, a single S. niger was infestedwith a female squirrel tick, Ixodes marxi Banks and 1larval American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis(Say). Two S. niger were infested with lone star ticks,Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus); 1 squirrel had 5nymphs and the other, 26 nymphs; the former host wasmultiply parasitized by 2 male D. variabilis and 2larval chiggers, Eutrombicula alfreddugesi(Oudemans). A single G. volans was infested with alarval D. variabilis. Two S. carolinensis, 1 S. nigerand 2 of 10 (20%) G. volans harbored fleas, Orchopeashowardi (Baker); the single T. striatus was negative.Siphonaptera: CeratophyllidaeOrchopeas howardi was previously reported in ARfrom S. carolinensis, S. niger, and G. volans (Schieferand Lancaster 1970), and commonly infests treesquirrels and some other rodents in many other states(Lewis 2000). It was therefore not surprising to findthis flea on these hosts and associated nests.Acari: IxodidaeIxodes marxi is not commonly reported and thereare few records of this hard tick in AR (Lancaster1973). This tick is a parasite of squirrels and is knownto occur both east and west of the Mississippi Riverfrom at least 18 states (plus the District of Columbia)and Canada (Cooney and Hays 1972, Lancaster 1973,Keirans and Clifford 1978, Durden and Keirans 1996).It has been previously reported from the state on S.carolinensis (Tugwell and Lancaster 1962).Immature stages (both larvae and nymphs) of D.variabilis, parasitize a wide range of small mammalsand a few medium-sized mammals mainly in theeastern USA (Bequaert 1946, Tugwell and Lancaster1972, Cooney and Hays 1972, Nicholson et al. 2009)197Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67 [2013], Art. 34Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2013C.T. McAllister, M.B. Connior, and L.A. DurdenJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67, 2013198(there is also an isolated population of D. variabilisalong the west coast of North America). However,Pung et al. (2000) recorded only 2 tick specimens (oneAmblyomma maculatum and 1 Ixodes scapularis) from70 G. volans in Georgia which suggests that ticks arenot common on flying squirrels. They speculated thatthis is because Glaucomys spp. spend more time inarboreal habitats than on the ground where most ticksquest for hosts. Dermacentor variabilis is the principalvector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent ofRocky Mountain spotted fever, in the eastern USA(Chapman et al. 2006).Amblyomma americanum is a widespread tick inAR (Lancaster 1973) and the southeastern USA whereall active stages parasitize a variety of mammalianhosts including humans and immature stages alsoparasitize birds (Keirans and Durden 1998, Kinsey etal. 2000). This tick has become more abundant in someregions in recent years, and a number of zoonoticpathogens are known to be transmitted by it includingEhrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii, causativeagents of human ehrlichiosis, and Borrelia lonestariand Rickettsia amblyommii, putative agents ofSouthern Tick Associated Rash Illness (Childs andPaddock 2003, Billeter et al. 2007).Acari: TrombiculidaeOnly the larval stages of chiggers are ectoparasitic;nymphs and adults are predators of small arthropods ortheir eggs (Wharton and Fuller 1952). Eutrombiculaalfreddugesi is a widespread pest chigger species inNorth America that parasitizes a wide variety ofreptiles, birds and mammals, including humans (Wrennand Loomis 1984). This species has previously beenrecorded from AR (Wicht and Rowland 1987).Phthiraptera: PolyplacidaeNeohaematopinus sciuri is a Holarctic species thatparasitizes S. carolinensis in North America (andintroduced populations of this mammal in some otherparts of the world) and the Eurasian red squirrel(Sciurus vulgaris) in Europe (Kim et al. 1986, Durdenand Musser 1994). It has previously been reportedfrom S. carolinensis in St. Francis Co., AR (Kim et al.1986). However, N. sciurinus, to our knowledge, hasnot been previously reported from AR mammals andwe document herein a new state record for this suckinglouse. This louse parasitizes S. niger in North Americaand at least 6 other species of Sciurus in CentralAmerica (Durden and Musser 1994). Neohaematopinussciuropteri is widespread across North America onboth G. volans and the northern flying squirrel,Glaucomys sabrinus (Durden and Musser 1994).However, there do not appear to be any previousrecords of this louse from Arkansas (Kim et al. 1986).Neohaematopinus sciuropteri is a vector of thezoonotic agent of sporadic epidemic typhus (caused bycertain strains of Rickettsia prowazekii) to flyingsquirrels which act as reservoir hosts for this agent(Bozeman et al. 1981).In conclusion, some sciurid ectoparasites that hadnot previously been reported from AR are probablywidespread in the state. We suggest additionalectoparasite surveys on AR mammals, which appear tobe uncommonly reported from hosts in the state. Forexample, prior to our study, only 1 species of parasiticmite has been reported from native mammals in AR(Richardson et al. 1994).AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Arkansas Game and FishCommission for a Scientific Collecting Permit issuedto MBC, and Dr. R. Tumlison (HSU) for expertcuratorial assistance.Literature CitedBenton AH. 1983. An illustrated key to the fleas ofthe eastern United States. Marginal Media(Fredonia, NY). 34 p.Bequaert JC. 1946. The ticks, or Ixodoidea, of thenortheastern United States and eastern Canada.Entomological America 25:73-232.Billeter SA, HL Blanton, SE Little, MG Levy andEB Breitschwerdt. 2007. Detection of “Rickettsiaamblyommii” in association with a tick bite rash.Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 7:607-610.Bozeman FM, DE Sonenshine, MS Williams,DP Chadwick, DM Lauer and BL Elisberg.1981. Experimental infection of ectoparasiticarthropods with Rickettsia prowazekii (GvF-16strain) and transmission to flying squirrels.American Journal of Tropical Medicine andHygiene 30:253-263.Chapman AS, SM Murphy, LJ Demma, RCHolman, AT Curns, JH McQuiston, JW Krebsand DL Swerdlow. 2006. Rocky Mountain spottedfever in the United States, 1997-2002. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 6:170-178.Childs JE and CD Paddock. 2003. The ascendancy ofAmblyomma americanum as a vector of pathogensaffecting humans in the United States. AnnualReview of Entomology 48:307-337.198Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67 [2013], Art. 34https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol67/iss1/34DOI: https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2013.6729Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in ArkansasJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67, 2013199Cooney JC and KL Hays. 1972. The ticks ofAlabama. Auburn University AgriculturalExperimental Station Bulletin 426:1-40.Durden LA and JE Keirans. 1996. Nymphs of thegenus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in the UnitedStates: taxonomy, identification key, distribution,hosts and medical/veterinary importance. ThomasSay Foundation Monographs, EntomologicalSociety of America (Lanham, MD). 95 p.Durden LA and GG Musser. 1994. The sucking lice(Insecta, Anoplura) of the world: a taxonomicchecklist with records of mammalian hosts andgeographical distributions. Bulletin of theAmerican Museum of Natural History 218:1-90.Ellis HR. 1975. Common ticks in Arkansas. Journalof the Arkansas Medical Society 81:380-382.Elrod DA, GA Heidt, DMA Elrod, M Birdsong andEG Zimmerman. 1996. A second species ofpocket gopher in Arkansas. SouthwesternNaturalist 41:395-398.Gardner SL. 1996. Field parasitology techniques foruse with mammals. In: DE Wilson, editor.Measuring and monitoring biological diversity.Standard methods for mammals. SmithsonianInstitution Press (Washington, DC). p. 291-298.Keirans JE and CM Clifford. 1978. The genus Ixodesin the United States: a scanning electronmicroscope study and key to the adults. Journal ofMedical Entomology, Supplement 2:1-149.Keirans JE and LA Durden. 1998. An illustrated keyto nymphs of the tick genus Amblyomma (Acari:Ixodidae) of the United States. Journal of MedicalEntomology 35:489-495.Kim, KC, HD Pratt and CJ Stojanovich. 1986. Thesucking lice of North America: an illustratedmanual for identification. The Pennsylvania StateUniversity Press (State University). 241 p.Kinsey AA, LA Durden and JH Oliver Jr. 2000.Tick infestations of birds in coastal Georgia andAlabama. Journal of Parasitology 86:251-254.Lancaster JL Jr. 1973. A guide to the ticks ofArkansas. University of Arkansas (Fayetteville)Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 779:1-39.Lewis RE. 2000. A taxonomic review of the NorthAmerican genus Orchopeas Jordan, 1933(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae: Ceratophyllinae).Journal of Vector Ecology 25:164-189.Nicholson WL, DE Sonenshine, RS Lane andG Uilenberg. 2009. Ticks (Ixodoidea). In: GRMullen & LA Durden, editors. Medical andVeterinary Entomology, 2nd edition. Elsevier(Amsterdam). p. 493-542.Price AD, VR McDaniel and R Tumlison. 1986. Aninfestation of the bat bug Cimex pilosellus on anArkansas population of big brown bats (Eptesicusfuscus). Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy ofScience 36:98.Pung OJ, LA Durden, MJ Patrick, T Conyers andLR Mitchell. 2000. Ectoparasites andgastrointestinal helminths of southern flyingsquirrels in southeast Georgia. Journal ofParasitology 86:1051-1055.Richardson DJ, LA Durden and DE Snyder. 1994.Ectoparasites of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) fromnorth-central Arkansas. Journal of the KansasEntomological Society 67:208-212.Sealander JA and H Young. 1954. Preliminaryobservations on the cave bats of Arkansas.Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science7:21-31.Schiefer BA and JL Lancaster Jr. 1970. SomeSiphonaptera from Arkansas. Journal of the KansasEntomological Society 43:177-181.Sikes RS, WL Gannon, and the Animal Care andUse Committee of the American Society ofMammalogists. 2011. Guidelines of the AmericanSociety of Mammalogists for the use of wildmammals in research. Journal of Mammalogy92:235–253.Steward TW, VR McDaniel and DR England. 1986.Additional records of distribution and hosts for thebat bug, Cimex pilosellus in Arkansas. Proceedingsof the Arkansas Academy of Science 40:95-96.Tugwell P and JL Lancaster Jr. 1962. Results of atick-host study in northwest Arkansas. Journal ofthe Kansas Entomological Society 35:202-211.Wharton GW and HS Fuller. 1952. A manual of thechiggers. Memoirs of the Entomological Society ofWashington 4:1-185.Whitaker JO, Jr and N Wilson. 1974. Host anddistribution lists of mites (Acari), parasitic andphoretic, in the hair of wild mammals of NorthAmerica, north of Mexico. American MidlandNaturalist 91:1-67.Wicht MC and AC Rowland. 1987. Fauna anddistribution of living chiggers (Acarina:Trombiculidae) in Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 41:115-116.Wrenn WJ and RB Loomis. 1984. Host selectivity inthe genus Eutrombicula (Acari: Trombiculidae).In: DA Griffiths & CE Bowman, editors.Proceedings of the VI International Congress ofAcarology, Vol. 1. Ellis Horwood Ltd.,(Chichester, England). p. 160-165.199Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67 [2013], Art. 34Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2013

English

Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Neohaematopinus spp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae)

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 67 Article 342013Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in Arkansas,Including New State Records forNeohaematopinus spp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura:Polyplacidae)C. T. McAllisterEastern Oklahoma State College, cmcallister@se.eduM. B. ConniorSouth Arkansas Community CollegeL. A. DurdenGeorgia Southern UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Animal Diseases Commons, and the Zoology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu.Recommended CitationMcAllister, C. T.; Connior, M. B.; and Durden, L. A. (2013) "Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in Arkansas, Including New StateRecords for Neohaematopinus spp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae)," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 67 ,Article 34.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol67/iss1/34Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67, 2013197Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in Arkansas, Including New State Records forNeohaematopinus spp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae)C.T. McAllister1*, M.B. Connior2, and L.A. Durden31Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 747452Health and Natural Sciences, South Arkansas Community College, 300 S. West Ave., El Dorado, AR 717303Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458*Correspondence:cmcallister@se.eduRunning Title: Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in ArkansasCompared to its surrounding states, little is knownabout the ectoparasites (bugs, fleas, flies, lice, mites,ticks) infesting the wild mammals of Arkansas (AR)(Bequaert 1946, Sealander and Young 1954, Tugwelland Lancaster 1962, Schiefer and Lancaster 1970,Lancaster 1973, Whitaker and Wilson 1974, Ellis1975, Price et al. 1982, Steward et al. 1986, Durdenand Musser 1994). However, some studies specificallyon ectoparasites of mammals have been published. Forexample, Richardson et al. (1994) reported records ofvarious ectoparasites from raccoons (Procyon lotor) inthe state, and Elrod et al. (1996) reported ectoparasitesfrom the endemic Ozark pocket gopher (Geomysbursarius ozarkensis). Here, we report information ona flea, 3 ticks, a chigger, and 3 sucking lice speciesfrom sciurid rodents, including the first report of thesucking lice, Neohematopinus sciurinus (Mjöberg) andNeohaematopinus sciuropteri (Osborn) from the state.Various sciurid rodents, including 2 eastern graysquirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and their nests, 2 foxsquirrels (Sciurus niger), and a single easternchipmunk, (Tamias striatus) from Marion Co., and 10southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) fromUnion Co. were collected using live box traps fromDec. 2012 to Feb. 2013. After being euthanized,according to accepted guidelines (Sikes et al. 2011),specimens were processed following standard methods(Gardner 1996) and their ectoparasites identified usingappropriate guides (Wharton and Fuller 1952, Keiransand Clifford 1978, Benton 1983, Kim et al. 1986,Keirans and Durden 1998). Voucher specimens ofhosts were deposited in the mammal collection atHenderson State University (HSU). Ectoparasites weredeposited in the General Ectoparasite Collection in theDepartment of Biology at Georgia Southern University(accession nos. L3549–3553, L3559-3560, L3570-3571, L3593-3594Both S. carolinensis and S. niger were infestedwith sucking lice, including 1 S. carolinensis with 2female Neohematopinus sciuri Jancke, 2 S. niger withN. sciurinus (1 squirrel with 1 male louse, the otherwith 2 female lice), and 1 G. volans with a female N.sciuropteri. In addition, a single S. niger was infestedwith a female squirrel tick, Ixodes marxi Banks and 1larval American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis(Say). Two S. niger were infested with lone star ticks,Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus); 1 squirrel had 5nymphs and the other, 26 nymphs; the former host wasmultiply parasitized by 2 male D. variabilis and 2larval chiggers, Eutrombicula alfreddugesi(Oudemans). A single G. volans was infested with alarval D. variabilis. Two S. carolinensis, 1 S. nigerand 2 of 10 (20%) G. volans harbored fleas, Orchopeashowardi (Baker); the single T. striatus was negative.Siphonaptera: CeratophyllidaeOrchopeas howardi was previously reported in ARfrom S. carolinensis, S. niger, and G. volans (Schieferand Lancaster 1970), and commonly infests treesquirrels and some other rodents in many other states(Lewis 2000). It was therefore not surprising to findthis flea on these hosts and associated nests.Acari: IxodidaeIxodes marxi is not commonly reported and thereare few records of this hard tick in AR (Lancaster1973). This tick is a parasite of squirrels and is knownto occur both east and west of the Mississippi Riverfrom at least 18 states (plus the District of Columbia)and Canada (Cooney and Hays 1972, Lancaster 1973,Keirans and Clifford 1978, Durden and Keirans 1996).It has been previously reported from the state on S.carolinensis (Tugwell and Lancaster 1962).Immature stages (both larvae and nymphs) of D.variabilis, parasitize a wide range of small mammalsand a few medium-sized mammals mainly in theeastern USA (Bequaert 1946, Tugwell and Lancaster1972, Cooney and Hays 1972, Nicholson et al. 2009)197Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67 [2013], Art. 34Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2013C.T. McAllister, M.B. Connior, and L.A. DurdenJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67, 2013198(there is also an isolated population of D. variabilisalong the west coast of North America). However,Pung et al. (2000) recorded only 2 tick specimens (oneAmblyomma maculatum and 1 Ixodes scapularis) from70 G. volans in Georgia which suggests that ticks arenot common on flying squirrels. They speculated thatthis is because Glaucomys spp. spend more time inarboreal habitats than on the ground where most ticksquest for hosts. Dermacentor variabilis is the principalvector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent ofRocky Mountain spotted fever, in the eastern USA(Chapman et al. 2006).Amblyomma americanum is a widespread tick inAR (Lancaster 1973) and the southeastern USA whereall active stages parasitize a variety of mammalianhosts including humans and immature stages alsoparasitize birds (Keirans and Durden 1998, Kinsey etal. 2000). This tick has become more abundant in someregions in recent years, and a number of zoonoticpathogens are known to be transmitted by it includingEhrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii, causativeagents of human ehrlichiosis, and Borrelia lonestariand Rickettsia amblyommii, putative agents ofSouthern Tick Associated Rash Illness (Childs andPaddock 2003, Billeter et al. 2007).Acari: TrombiculidaeOnly the larval stages of chiggers are ectoparasitic;nymphs and adults are predators of small arthropods ortheir eggs (Wharton and Fuller 1952). Eutrombiculaalfreddugesi is a widespread pest chigger species inNorth America that parasitizes a wide variety ofreptiles, birds and mammals, including humans (Wrennand Loomis 1984). This species has previously beenrecorded from AR (Wicht and Rowland 1987).Phthiraptera: PolyplacidaeNeohaematopinus sciuri is a Holarctic species thatparasitizes S. carolinensis in North America (andintroduced populations of this mammal in some otherparts of the world) and the Eurasian red squirrel(Sciurus vulgaris) in Europe (Kim et al. 1986, Durdenand Musser 1994). It has previously been reportedfrom S. carolinensis in St. Francis Co., AR (Kim et al.1986). However, N. sciurinus, to our knowledge, hasnot been previously reported from AR mammals andwe document herein a new state record for this suckinglouse. This louse parasitizes S. niger in North Americaand at least 6 other species of Sciurus in CentralAmerica (Durden and Musser 1994). Neohaematopinussciuropteri is widespread across North America onboth G. volans and the northern flying squirrel,Glaucomys sabrinus (Durden and Musser 1994).However, there do not appear to be any previousrecords of this louse from Arkansas (Kim et al. 1986).Neohaematopinus sciuropteri is a vector of thezoonotic agent of sporadic epidemic typhus (caused bycertain strains of Rickettsia prowazekii) to flyingsquirrels which act as reservoir hosts for this agent(Bozeman et al. 1981).In conclusion, some sciurid ectoparasites that hadnot previously been reported from AR are probablywidespread in the state. We suggest additionalectoparasite surveys on AR mammals, which appear tobe uncommonly reported from hosts in the state. Forexample, prior to our study, only 1 species of parasiticmite has been reported from native mammals in AR(Richardson et al. 1994).AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Arkansas Game and FishCommission for a Scientific Collecting Permit issuedto MBC, and Dr. R. Tumlison (HSU) for expertcuratorial assistance.Literature CitedBenton AH. 1983. An illustrated key to the fleas ofthe eastern United States. Marginal Media(Fredonia, NY). 34 p.Bequaert JC. 1946. The ticks, or Ixodoidea, of thenortheastern United States and eastern Canada.Entomological America 25:73-232.Billeter SA, HL Blanton, SE Little, MG Levy andEB Breitschwerdt. 2007. Detection of “Rickettsiaamblyommii” in association with a tick bite rash.Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 7:607-610.Bozeman FM, DE Sonenshine, MS Williams,DP Chadwick, DM Lauer and BL Elisberg.1981. Experimental infection of ectoparasiticarthropods with Rickettsia prowazekii (GvF-16strain) and transmission to flying squirrels.American Journal of Tropical Medicine andHygiene 30:253-263.Chapman AS, SM Murphy, LJ Demma, RCHolman, AT Curns, JH McQuiston, JW Krebsand DL Swerdlow. 2006. Rocky Mountain spottedfever in the United States, 1997-2002. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 6:170-178.Childs JE and CD Paddock. 2003. The ascendancy ofAmblyomma americanum as a vector of pathogensaffecting humans in the United States. AnnualReview of Entomology 48:307-337.198Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67 [2013], Art. 34http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol67/iss1/34Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in ArkansasJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 67, 2013199Cooney JC and KL Hays. 1972. The ticks ofAlabama. Auburn University AgriculturalExperimental Station Bulletin 426:1-40.Durden LA and JE Keirans. 1996. Nymphs of thegenus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in the UnitedStates: taxonomy, identification key, distribution,hosts and medical/veterinary importance. ThomasSay Foundation Monographs, EntomologicalSociety of America (Lanham, MD). 95 p.Durden LA and GG Musser. 1994. The sucking lice(Insecta, Anoplura) of the world: a taxonomicchecklist with records of mammalian hosts andgeographical distributions. Bulletin of theAmerican Museum of Natural History 218:1-90.Ellis HR. 1975. Common ticks in Arkansas. Journalof the Arkansas Medical Society 81:380-382.Elrod DA, GA Heidt, DMA Elrod, M Birdsong andEG Zimmerman. 1996. A second species ofpocket gopher in Arkansas. SouthwesternNaturalist 41:395-398.Gardner SL. 1996. Field parasitology techniques foruse with mammals. In: DE Wilson, editor.Measuring and monitoring biological diversity.Standard methods for mammals. SmithsonianInstitution Press (Washington, DC). p. 291-298.Keirans JE and CM Clifford. 1978. The genus Ixodesin the United States: a scanning electronmicroscope study and key to the adults. Journal ofMedical Entomology, Supplement 2:1-149.Keirans JE and LA Durden. 1998. An illustrated keyto nymphs of the tick genus Amblyomma (Acari:Ixodidae) of the United States. Journal of MedicalEntomology 35:489-495.Kim, KC, HD Pratt and CJ Stojanovich. 1986. Thesucking lice of North America: an illustratedmanual for identification. The Pennsylvania StateUniversity Press (State University). 241 p.Kinsey AA, LA Durden and JH Oliver Jr. 2000.Tick infestations of birds in coastal Georgia andAlabama. Journal of Parasitology 86:251-254.Lancaster JL Jr. 1973. A guide to the ticks ofArkansas. University of Arkansas (Fayetteville)Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 779:1-39.Lewis RE. 2000. A taxonomic review of the NorthAmerican genus Orchopeas Jordan, 1933(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae: Ceratophyllinae).Journal of Vector Ecology 25:164-189.Nicholson WL, DE Sonenshine, RS Lane andG Uilenberg. 2009. Ticks (Ixodoidea). In: GRMullen & LA Durden, editors. Medical andVeterinary Entomology, 2nd edition. Elsevier(Amsterdam). p. 493-542.Price AD, VR McDaniel and R Tumlison. 1986. Aninfestation of the bat bug Cimex pilosellus on anArkansas population of big brown bats (Eptesicusfuscus). Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy ofScience 36:98.Pung OJ, LA Durden, MJ Patrick, T Conyers andLR Mitchell. 2000. Ectoparasites andgastrointestinal helminths of southern flyingsquirrels in southeast Georgia. Journal ofParasitology 86:1051-1055.Richardson DJ, LA Durden and DE Snyder. 1994.Ectoparasites of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) fromnorth-central Arkansas. Journal of the KansasEntomological Society 67:208-212.Sealander JA and H Young. 1954. Preliminaryobservations on the cave bats of Arkansas.Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science7:21-31.Schiefer BA and JL Lancaster Jr. 1970. SomeSiphonaptera from Arkansas. Journal of the KansasEntomological Society 43:177-181.Sikes RS, WL Gannon, and the Animal Care andUse Committee of the American Society ofMammalogists. 2011. Guidelines of the AmericanSociety of Mammalogists for the use of wildmammals in research. Journal of Mammalogy92:235–253.Steward TW, VR McDaniel and DR England. 1986.Additional records of distribution and hosts for thebat bug, Cimex pilosellus in Arkansas. 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Ectoparasites of Sciurid Rodents in Arkansas, Including New State Records for Neohaematopinus spp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae)

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