In the present legal structure, some laws exclude women from legalrights, opportunities, or responsibilities. Some are framed as legislationconferring special benefits, or protection, on women. Others create orperpetuate a separate legal status without indicating on their facewhether the position of women ranks below, or above, the positionof men. Many of the efforts to create a separate legal status for womenstem from a good faith attempt to advance the interests of women.Nevertheless, the preponderant effect has been to buttress the socialand economic subordination of women