Objective: The aim of the study is to design, synthesize and identification of novel acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase (AChE/BuChE)inhibitors.Methods: The AChE and BuChE inhibition activity of a library of piperidine and 4-thiazolidinone substituted arecoline derivatives are described. Thechemical structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis.Results: The cholinesterase inhibition assays indicated that few of the synthesized compounds exhibited considerable activity at micromolar rangefor AChE over BuChE. Compound 7c exhibited the most potent AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 6.62 μM for AChE and 13.78 μM for BuChE,which is comparable to the standard Neostigmine with an IC50 2.05 μM for AChE and 3.64 μM for BuChE respectively.Conclusion: Our results clearly demonstrate that arecoline-4-thiazolidinone derivatives open up a new avenue in the field of Alzheimer's disease.Keywords: Arecoline analogs, Propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P®), Acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, 4-thiazolidinones
