The objectives of this study are to elucidate 1) the health status and its’ seasonal variation of reproductive age female villagers in Lahanam zone, Sonkhon district, Savannakhet province of Lao PDR, and 2) the relevant factors in relation to socioeconomic characteristics of their households. Data of the present study were collected in rainy season between 7th and 25th August 2005, and in dry season between 6th and 13th February 2006, based on the authors’ field research in five villages. Randomly selected 113 females, 20 to 40 years old, were studied in 2005; rainy season. Within 113 subjects of rainy season survey, 29 subjects were excluded; the person who were pregnant and breast feeding, moved to other place, thus 84 females were studied in 2006; dry season. Measurements were done for anthropometric variables, hemoglobin level, blood pressure, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and difference between two seasons were calculated. Socioeconomic characteristics of the subjects were obtained by village health volunteers, using structured interviews. From the results of the anthropometric measurements and hemoglobin level, it can be said that the nutritional statuses of the five villagers were better than that of females in the national survey. Furthermore, the percentages of the overweight (BMI over 25) of the present study (16.8% in rainy season and 22.6% in dry season) were higher than the result of adult females in national survey (10.8 % ). It should be noted that the problems of undernutrition and overnutrition occur in the same village at same time, similarly to a modernizing populations in other developing countries. Among socioeconomic characteristics, the environmental factors such as area of irrigated rice field, and the main sources of the foods played important roles for the health status of the subjects in rural village in the Sonkhon district
