Merchantable green weights for loblolly pine trees in old-field plantations in the interior west gulf coastal plainhttps://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/texas_forestry_papers/1007/thumbnail.jp

Hicks, Dwight R.

Lenhart, J. David

Somberg, Seymour I.

SFA ScholarWorks

Stephen F. Austin State UniversitySFA ScholarWorksTexas Forestry Papers, No. 1-29, 1970-1976 Journals6-1972Texas Forestry Paper No. 16Dwight R. HicksStephen F. Austin State UniversityJ. David LenhartStephen F. Austin State UniversitySeymour I. SombergStephen F. Austin State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/texas_forestry_papersPart of the Other Forestry and Forest Sciences CommonsTell us how this article helped you.This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Texas Forestry Papers,No. 1-29, 1970-1976 by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact cdsscholarworks@sfasu.edu.Recommended CitationHicks, Dwight R.; Lenhart, J. David; and Somberg, Seymour I., "Texas Forestry Paper No. 16" (1972). Texas Forestry Papers, No. 1-29,1970-1976. Book 8.http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/texas_forestry_papers/8TEXAS FORESTRY PAPER SCHOOL OF FORESTRi' STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVE RSITY Nacogdoches, Texas 1. I I ,. !. • t. J (1 t .. I· · 1 r.• ' ' t . '. NO. 16- JUNE 1972 MERCHANTABLE GREEN WEIGHTS FOR LOBLOLLY PINE T REES IN OLD-FIELD PLANTATIONS IN THE INTI:.RJOR WEST GULF COASTAL PLAI N Dwight R. Hicks, J. David Lenhart and Seymour I. Somberg1 Many wood using industries within the Interior West Gulf Coastal Plato buy truckloads of loblolly pine (Pinus taedo L.) pulpwood on a green weight basis. This is an efficient and relatively error-free scaling procedure at the mill. However, most, if not all , scaling of loblolly pme trees in the forest is on a volumetric basis. To facilitate estimation of product weights directly from woods measurements, this paper presents equations a nd tables for estimating the green weight of the mer-chantable stems of loblolly pine trees to three top diameter limiis on the basis of diameter at breast height and total tree height. PLANTATION MEASUREMENTS During the summer of 1971, four randomly selected trees in each of 158 plantations throughout the Interior West Gulf Coastal Plain were felled and sectioned into 4-foot-long bolts (Hasnessand Lenhart, 1972). Diameter at breast height (D) and total tree height including stump (H) were measured for each tree. Additional measurements were: (I ) Green weight per bolt , includ ing bark. (2) Green weight, including ba.rk, of a 1- to 2-inch-thick disc sawn from the bottom of each bolt. (3) Green weight of the discs from each tree after bark removal. 1Crtduate Jludcnl, A.uhlan1 Ptofeaor of Fore::sl Blometrk.t. aJld Profe~~C>r of Fore~ Economies t-nd Dit~etor of Re-te:at~h. rupccttw:ty. School o·r For~JIIy, Stephen f'. Au.Jtin Stale Unfvc:rti.ly. Rttetrch for thb pro!ccl wu 1uppotttd l.n part by funds made aVIitlble under the Melntlr•Stennis Act . 2 TREE GREEN WEIGHT PREDICTION EQUATIONS The green weight of wood, including bark , for each tree to top diameter limits of 2.0. 3.0. and 4.0 inchc~ outside bark (d.o.b.) was calculated by summing the bolt weights of the tree. When a merchantability hnnt occurred wathan a bolt, the proportion of bolt cubic-foot volume ~low the lima! was calculated and multiplied by the whole boh green weight to obtain the green weight of the merchantable portion. The green weight of wood, excluding bark, for each tree was dcternuned using the col· lective disc weights. A ratio of collective disc weight excluding bark to collective disc weight in· dudang bark was calculated for each tree Multiplication of each tr.:e's green weaght includang bark by ih respectl\e ratio produces the tree·~ green weight excluding bark. Using o2H as the independent variable in regression analysis, the following equ•tions for predicting green weights per tree were developed: {I) Green weight,ancluding bark, to a 2.0-inch top (d.o.b.) = 0. 1'3820D;H • 13.26294 (2) Green weaght, excluding bark, to a 2.0-inch lop (d.o.b.) = 0.128140-H · 19.98421 (3) Green weight, ancludang bark, to a 3.0-inch top (d.o.b.) = 0 1388SD2H • 26.83057 (4) Green weight. excluding bark, to a 3 .0-inch top (d.o.b.) = 0.1286702H · 31 89977 (5) Green weight, mcludang bark, to a 4.0-inch top (d.o.b.) = 0 14080D2H- 61.3:!7Y9 (6) Green weight. excludang bark. to a •1.0-inch top (d.o.b.) = 0.13031 o:!H- 62.20827 Each equation accounted for 98% or more of the total variation an green weight, and the standard deviations about regres;,ion varied from 39 to 44 pounds. The values shown in f3bles I through 6 were cal~ulated from equations (I) through 16), respectively. LITERATURE. CITED Hasness, J. R. and J. D. L~nnart . 197:2. Cubic-foot volumes for loblolly pine trees in old·ficld loblolly pine plantations in the Interior We~t Gulf Coastal Plain Texas Forestry Paper No. 12. 7 pp. Table I . Green weight, includmg bark. m pounds, to a 2.0-inch top d.o.b., for loblolly pine trees. 0. b. h. Toaal heighl, feel mches 20 25 30 35 40 45 so 55 60 65 70 75 5 55.8 73. 1 90.4 107.7 124.9 142.2 IS9.S 176.8 1'l4.0 6 111.1 136.0 160.9 ISS 7 21().6 235 s 260.4 285.2 3101 335.0 7 189.9 223.8 257.6 291 .5 325.3 359.2 393.0 426.9 460.8 8 252.1 296.3 340.5 384.8 4:!'1.0 473.2 517.4 561.6 605.9 'I 322.6 378.5 434.5 490.5 546.4 60:!.4 658.4 714.4 770.3 10 470.4 539.5 60& 6 677.7 746.8 815.9 885.0 954.1 1023.2 11 739.2 822.8 906.5 9'l0. 1 1073.7 1157.3 1240.9 12 882.3 981.8 I 081.3 1180.8 1280.3 1379.8 1479.3 13 1037.7 1154.5 1271.3 1388.1 1504.9 1621.6 1738.4 14 1341.1 1476.5 1612.0 1747.4 1882.8 2018.3 3 Table 2. G reen we ight , excluding bark, in pound s, to a 2.0-inch top d.o.b., for loblolly pine trees. D. b. h Total height, feet inches 20 2S 30 35 40 45 so 55 60 65 70 75 5 44.1 60.1 76.1 92.1 108.2 124 .2 140.2 156.2 172.2 6 95.3 118.4 14 1.5 164.5 187.6 210.7 233.7 256.8 279.9 302.9 7 168.4 199.8 231 2 262.6 294.0 3254 356.7 3881 419.5 8 226.0 267.0 308 I 349 I 390.1 431 I 472.1 513.1 S54 I 9 291.4 343.3 J9Sl 447.1 499.0 550.9 602.8 654 7 70C..b 10 428.5 492.6 556.6 6207 684.8 748'1 812.9 877.0 941 I I I 677.7 755.3 832.8 910.3 987.8 10<>5.4 1142.9 12 810.4 902.6 994.9 1087. 1 1179.'1 1271.7 1363.9 13 954.5 1062.8 1171.1 1279.4 1387.6 1495.9 1604.2 14 1235.8 1361.4 1486.9 16125 1738.1 1863.7 Tablt 3 Green weight, including bark, in pounds, to a 3.0...inch top d o.b., for loblolly pine !Tees D. b. h. Total hei&Jit, feet inches 20 25 30 35 40 4 S so 55 bO 65 70 75 5 42.6 60.0 77.3 94.7 112.0 129.4 146.7 164.1 181.4 6 98.1 123. 1 148.1 173.1 198.1 223.1 248.1 273.1 298.1 323.1 7 177.3 211.3 245.3 279.3 313.4 347.4 381.4 415.4 449.4 8 239.8 284 2 328.6 373.1 417.5 461.9 506.4 550.8 595.2 9 310.6 366.8 4230 479.3 535.5 591.7 648.0 7042 7(1().4 10 459.1 528.6 59S.O 667.4 736.8 806.3 875 7 945.1 1014.5 II 729.2 813.2 897.2 '181.2 1065.2 1149.2 1233.2 12 872.9 972.9 1072.9 1172.8 1272.8 1372.8 1472.7 13 10::!9.1 1146.5 1163.8 1381.1 1498.4 lbiS.S 1733.1 14 1333.9 1470.0 1606.0 1742.1 1878.2 2014.3 Table 4. Green weight . excluding bark. in pounds, to a 3.0-inch top d.o.b., for loblolly pine trees. D. b. h. Total height, feet inches 20 25 JO 35 40 45 so ss 60 65 70 15 5 32.4 48.5 64.6 80.7 96.8 1.12.9 128.9 145.0 16 1.1 6 83.9 107.1 130.2 153.4 116.5 199.7 222.9 246.0 269.2 292.3 7 157.2 188.8 220.3 251.8 283.3 314.9 346.4 377.9 409.4 8 215.1 2S6.3 297.5 338.7 379.8 421.0 46U 503.4 544.5 9 280.8 332.9 385.0 437.1 489.2 541.3 593.4 645.5 697.7 10 418.4 482.8 547.1 6 11.4 675.8 740.1 804.5 868.8 933.1 II 668.7 746.6 824.4 902.2 980.1 1057.9 11 35.8 12 801.9 894.5 987.2 1079.8 1172.5 1265.1 1357.7 13 946.6 1055.4 1164.1 1272.8 138 1.5 1490.3 1599.0 14 1229.1 1355.2 1481.3 1607.4 1733.5 18595 4 Table S. Green weight, including bark. in pounds, to a 4.0-lnch top d.o.b., for loblolly pine trees. --------- - - -- ---- - - -D. b. h. Total heogln. feel onches 10 '"s 30 35 40 45 so 55 60 65 70 75 ------ - --5 9.1 26.7 44.3 61.9 79.5 97.1 I 14.7 132 3 149.9 0 65.4 901 I I 6.1 141.4 166.8 192.1 217.5 242.8 268.1 293.5 7 145.6 180 I 214.6 249.1 283.6 3181 352.6 3ll7 I 421.6 8 209.0 254.1 299.1 344.2 389.2 434.3 479.3 524.4 569.5 9 2808 337.8 394.9 451.9 508.9 565.9 623.0 680.0 737.0 10 431.5 501.9 S72.3 642.7 713.1 783.5 853.9 924.3 994.7 II 705.3 790.5 875.7 960.9 1046.1 1131.2 1216.4 12 851.1 952.4 1053.8 II 55.2 1256.6 1357.9 1459.3 13 1009.5 1128.4 1247.4 1366.4 1485.4 1604.3 17233 14 1318.5 1456.5 1594.5 1732.5 1870.4 2008.4 Table 6. Green weight, excluding bark, in pounds, to a 4.0.inch top d.o.b., for loblolly pine tree$. D. b. h. Tollll height, feel inches 20 25 30 35 40 45 so 55 60 65 70 75 5 2.9 19.2 35.5 51.8 68.1 84.4 100.7 I 17.0 133.3 6 55.1 78.5 102.0 125.4 148.9 172.3 195.8 219.3 242.7 266.2 1 129.3 161.3 193.2 225.1 257.1 289.0 320.9 352.8 384.8 8 188.0 229.7 271.4 313.1 354.8 396.5 438.2 479.9 521.6 9 254.4 307.2 360.0 412.8 465.5 518.3 571.1 623.9 676.6 10 393.9 459.0 524.2 589.3 654.5 719.7 784.8 850.0 915.1 II 647.3 726.2 8050 883.8 962.7 1041.5 1120.4 12 7822 876.0 969.8 1063 7 1157.5 1251.3 1345.1 13 928.8 1038.9 1149.0 1259.1 1369.2 1479.4 1589.5 14 12148 1342.5 1470 2 1597.9 1725.6 1853.3 - --- --

Texas Forestry Paper No. 16

Ovendry weights for loblolly pine trees in old-field plantations in the interior west gulf coastal plainhttps://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/texas_forestry_papers/1008/thumbnail.jp

Hyink, David M.

Stephen F. Austin State UniversitySFA ScholarWorksTexas Forestry Papers, No. 1-29, 1970-1976 Journals6-1972Texas Forestry Paper No. 17David M. HyinkStephen F. Austin State UniversityJ. David LenhartStephen F. Austin State UniversitySeymour I. SombergStephen F. Austin State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/texas_forestry_papersPart of the Other Forestry and Forest Sciences CommonsTell us how this article helped you.This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Texas Forestry Papers,No. 1-29, 1970-1976 by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact cdsscholarworks@sfasu.edu.Recommended CitationHyink, David M.; Lenhart, J. David; and Somberg, Seymour I., "Texas Forestry Paper No. 17" (1972). Texas Forestry Papers, No. 1-29,1970-1976. Book 9.http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/texas_forestry_papers/9I ·:l 'I ' ~ '\ TlXAS ' . /, I h . l. t,~. ... • ' f, .• ~f: •• '.! I ' ' I I • I: . . ' . FORISTRY PAPlR NO. 17 - JUNE 1972 SCHOOL OF FORESTRY STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UN IVERSITY Nacogdoches, Texas OVENDRY WEIGHTS FOR LOBLOLLY PiNE TREES IN OLD- FJELD PLANTATIONS IN THE INTERlOR WEST GULF COASTAL PLAIN David M. Hyink, J . David Lenhart and Seymour I. Samberg 1 Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is often harvested for conversion into cellulose products. Estimates of tree contents in terms of dry weight of bark-free wood may be more compatible with wood-fiber industries than volumetric measurements and should provide a more efficient basis for forest management . This paper presents prediction equations and tables for estimating bark-free ovendry weights of entire loblolly pine boles, and of their merchantable portions to I hrec top diameter limats, on the basis of diameter at breast height and total tree heigh!. PLANTATION MEASUREMENTS Four randomly selected trees within each of I 58 loblolly pine plantations located in old fields throughout the Interior West Gulf Coastal Plain were felled and sectioned into 4-foot bolts (Hasncss and Lenhart, 1972). Diameter at breast height (0) and total tree height ancluding stump (H) were measured on each tree. A disc, I to 2 inches in thickness, was sawn from the bottom of each bolt. After debarking and numbering, discs were placed in water-filled containers and trans-ported to the laboratory for specific gravity determination. 10ttdl.late Research AUillant, AssJsrant Profes.101 or t:'oren 8lomccrlc..~. and hoteuor or Fort~rt Economld •nd Oi--rtctot or Re,Jt.atCh. resptdively, School or Fo.restry, Stephen F. AuJIIn Stte.e UnivurJ,y, 2 TREE SPECIFIC GRAVITY After ovendrying the discs at I 05 • C, specific gravities were calculated as the ratio of ovendry weights (g) to green volumes (cc). The specific gravit y of each d isc was weighted by mul· tiplying it by its diameter squared times the length of the boll from which it was cut. Whole tree specific gravity was computed as the weighted average of the individua l d isc specific gravit ies. Spe· cific gravity values fo r each t ree to merchantable top d iameter li mits of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 inches out· side bark (d.o.b.) were calculated by in terpolation within the terminal bolt. TREE OVEN DRY WEIGHT PREDICTION EQUATIONS Hasness and Lenhart ( 1972) obtained observed green cubic·foor volume, excluding bark, of the sample trees. The observed dry weight, excluding bark, for each tree was found by using the following general equation: Tree dry weight (Pounds)= Tree specific gravity x 62.4 x tree cubic-foot volume. Observed tree dry weights were determined for each of the four merchantability classes. These dry weight values and respective diameters and heights were used as input for re· gression analyses. Resulting pred iction equations are : (I) Dry weight, for total stem= 0.05505D2H • 3.90587 (2) Dry weight, to a 2.0·inch top (d.o.b.) = 0.05506D2H -4.89438 (3) Dry weight, to a 3.0-inch top (d .o.b.) = 0.05536U2H. 9.44022 (4) Dry we1ght , to a 4.0·inch lop (d.o.b.) = 0.056 17D2H. 21.52434 Each equation accounted for 98 percent or more of the tota l variation in dry weight, and the standard deviations about regression were 18 pounds or less. The values shown in Tables l through 4 were calculated from equations tl) through (4), respectively. LITERATURE CITED Hasness, J. R. and J.D. Lenhart. 1972. Cubic-Foot Volumes for Loblolly Pine Trees in Old-Field Loblolly Pine Plan tations in the Interior West Gulf Coastal Plain. Texas Forestry Paper No. 12. 7 pp. Table I. Ovendry bark-free weight , in pounds, of the tota l stem, for loblo lly pine trees. D. b. h. Total height, feet inches 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 5 23.6 30.5 37.4 44.3 SJ.I 58.0 64.9 71.8 78.7 6 45.6 55.5 65.5 75 .4 85.3 95.2 105. 1 I t5.0 124.9 134.8 7 77.0 90.5 104.0 I 17.5 131.0 144.5 157.9 17 1.4 184.9 8 101.8 I 19.4 137.0 t54.6 t72.3 189.9 207.5 225.1 242.7 9 129.9 152.2 174.5 196.8 219.0 241.3 263.6 285.9 308.2 10 188 8 216.3 243.8 271.3 298.9 326.4 353.9 381.4 409.0 I 1 295.8 329.1 362.5 395.8 429.1 462.4 495.7 12 352.8 392.5 432. 1 47 1.7 511.4 551.0 590.6 13 414.7 461.3 507.8 554.3 600.8 647.3 693.9 14 535.6 589.5 643.5 697.4 75 1.4 805.3 3 fable 2. Ovendry bark-free weight, in pounds, to a 2.0-inch top d.o.b., for loblolly pine trees. D. b. h. Total height, feet inehes 20 25 JO 35 40 45 so 55 60 65 70 75 5 22.6 29.5 36.4 43.3 50.2 57.0 63.9 70.8 77.7 6 44.7 54.6 64.5 74.4 84.3 94.2 104.1 114.0 123.9 133.9 7 76.0 89.5 103.0 116.5 130.0 143.5 157.0 170.5 184.0 8 100.8 118.4 136.1 153.7 171J 188.9 206.5 224.2 241.8 9 128.9 151.2 173.5 195.8 218.1 240.4 262.7 185.0 307.3 10 187.8 215.3 242 9 270.4 Z91.9 325.5 353.0 380.5 -108 I II Z94.9 328.2 361.5 39-1.8 428.1 461.5 494.8 12 351.9 391.5 431.2 470.8 510.5 550.1 589.8 IJ 413.8 460.4 506.9 553.4 599.9 646.5 693 0 14 534.1 588.1 642.6 o96.6 750.5 804.5 Table 3. Ovendry bark-free weigbt, in pounds, to J 3.0·inch top d.o.b., for loblolly pine trees. D.b.h Total heJ&ht, f<<t mches 20 25 30 35 40 4S 50 55 60 65 70 75 5 18.2 25.2 32.1 39.0 45.9 S2.R 59.8 66.7 73.6 6 40.4 50.3 60.3 70.3 80 2 90.2 100.2 110.1 120.1 130.1 7 719 85.5 99.1 Ill.(> 126.2 139.8 153.3 1(>6.9 180.4 8 96.9 114.6 132.3 1 ~0.0 lb7.7 185.4 103.1 2209 !38.6 9 125.1 147.5 169.9 192.3 214.S 237.2 2596 282.0 304.5 10 184.3 212.0 239.1 267.4 295.0 322.7 350.4 378.1 405.8 II 292 0 325.5 359.0 3925 4260 459.5 493.0 11 349.3 389.2 429.0 468 q 508.1 548.6 588.4 13 411 6 458.4 505.1 551.9 598.1 645.5 692.2 14 533.1 581.3 641.6 695.8 750.1 804.4 Table 4. Ovendry bark-free weight, in pounds, to a 4.0-inch top d.o.b., for loblolly pine trees. D. b. h. Total heaglu, f<<l mches 29 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 5 06.6 13.6 20.6 27.6 34.6 41.7 48.7 55.1 62.7 6 29.0 39.1 49.2 59.4 69.5 79.6 89.7 99.8 109.9 120.0 7 6 1.0 74.8 88.6 102.3 116.1 129.9 143.6 157.4 171.1 8 86.3 104.3 122 .3 140.2 158.2 176.2 194.2 212. 1 ~JV. I 9 115.0 137.7 160.5 183.2 206.0 228.7 '251.5 274.2 291.0 10 175.1 203.2 231 2 259.3 287.4 315.5 343.6 371.7 399.8 II 284.3 318.3 352.3 386.3 420.3 454.2 488.2 12 342.5 382.9 423.3 463.8 504.2 544.7 585.1 13 405.6 453.1 500.6 548.0 595.5 643.0 6904 14 528.9 584.0 639.0 694.1 749.1 804.2 

Texas Forestry Paper No. 17

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Texas Forestry Paper No. 16

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