The clammy goosefoot Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. is a rare
anthropophyte in the Polish flora. Hitherto, this species was recorded in Gdańsk and
Rybnik. The present study describes the newly-discovered locality in Stryków near
Łódź (Central Poland), the occurrence of this species in Poland and the general
geographical distribution in the world.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014  dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Witosławski, Piotr

Folia Biologica et Oecologica

English

Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (University of Lodz Repository)

acta universitatis lodziensis----------- 2009------------Folia Biologica et Oecologica 5: 43-50 _______ ___________________  (Acta Univ., Lodz, Folia Biol, et Oeco l.)_______P i o t r  W i t o s l a w s k iDepartment o f Geobotany and Plant Ecology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL-90-237 Łódź, e-mail: witoslaw@biol.uni.lodz.plTHE NEW LOCALITY OF CHENOPODIUM PUMILIO R. BR. IN POLANDAbstract: The clammy goosefoot Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. is a rare anthropophyte in the Polish flora. Hitherto, this species was recorded in Gdańsk and Rybnik. The present study describes the newly-discovered locality in Stryków near Łódź (Central Poland), the occurrence of this species in Poland and the general geographical distribution in the world.Key words: Chenopodium pumilio, synanthropic flora, Australian species, alien plants, wool aliens, Poland.1. INTRODUCTIONIn the vicinity of Stryków to the north-east of Łódź, a major transport hub is about to come into existence as the crossing point of A l and A2 motorways will be located there. The current and predicted changes in the mode of land management in this area provided the incentive for initiation of studies to document the present state o f its flora. Already initial floristic exploration brought an unexpected result -  the discovery o f a site of occurrence of clammy goosefoot Chenopodium pumilio R. Br., a synanthropic species rarely recorded in Poland. Correct determination was verifiedin the herbarium of the W. Szafer Institute of Botany o f the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow (KRAM).Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. (Fig. 1) is an annual plant covered w ith  glandular trichomes; shoots (10 -4 0 cm  in length) are reclining and ascending; leaves  (1-4  cm  in length and 0 .5-2  cm  in w idth) sinuously  dentate, rhom boid-ovate in  shape; flow ers in bunches (3-5  mm  in diam eter), arising in axils o f  leaves; seeds  (0 .5-0 .8  m m  in diam eter), reddish-brow n in colour, brilliant, laterally flattened  (B r e n a n  1964; T r z c i Ńs k a -T a c i k  1992). The study presents the geographical  distribution o f  this species and the location o f  its new  site o f  occurrence in Poland.Fig. 1: Habit of Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. (after Dostalek et al. 1990, modified)2. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND CONDITIONS OF OCCURRENCEChenopodium pumilio R. Br. is a native species in Australia and Tasmania. It is most probably an adventive species in New Zealand and New Caledonia. Withinthe limits if  its natural range it prefers sunny habitats on loam, clay or sand-based soils. It occurs sometimes on salt-containing soils. It grows along shores of rivers and water bodies. It occurs often in synanthropic communities -  both ruderal and segetal ones (F l o r a B a s e  t h e  W e s t e r n  A u s t r a l i a n  F l o r a ; A e l l e n  1960).A s an introduced and partially naturalised species, the clam m y goosefoot  occurs in A sia (N ew  Zealand, N ew  C aledonia , Papua N ew  G uinea, Korea, China, Japan, Iran), A frica (South A frica, Z im babw e, K enya, Ethiopia, Botsw ana), South  A m erica (Argentina), North A m erica (U SA ) and in numerous European countries (Portugal, Spain, France, England, Scotland, B elgium , H olland, D enm ark, Sw eden, N orway, Germany, A ustria, C zech R epublic, S lovakia, Poland, U kraine, Hungary, R omania) (G l o b a l  B i o d i v e r s i t y  In f o r m a t i o n  Fa c i l i t y ; Pr o b s t  1949; A e l l e n  1960; G l e a s o n  & Cr o n q u i s t  1963; B r e n a n  1964; H u n z i k e r  1965; H e j n ÿ  &  Sc h w a r z o v â  1978; T r z c i ń s k a -Ta c i k  1992; C h y t r y  1993; U r b i s z  1996; MOSYAKIN & F e d o r o n c h u k  1999; Ha l v o r s e n  et. a l  1998, F e r â k o v â  2002; M i s i e w i c z  & K o r c z y ń s k i  2003; Ra h i m i n e j a d  2004; CHANG-SHan & Sh i -X in  2006).Chenopodium pumilio has been introduced to Europe since the late 18th century together w ith raw w ool im ported from Australia (P r o b s t  1949; AELLEN 1960). First records w ere made in the localities DÖHREN (1889) in Germany  (P r o b s t  1949; A e l l e n  1960) and N o s i s l a v  (1890) in M oravia (H e j n ÿ  & S c h w a r z o v â  1978). In Germany, C zech R epublic and Slovakia, where it has spread from its initial sites o f  introduction (w o ol spinning m ills, ports, railway areas) and now  occurs in fie lds, pastures and on river a lluvia (A e l l e n  1960; Lh o t s k a  & HEJNY 1979; D o s t a l e k  et al. 1990), it is considered to be a naturalised, but non- invasive species (L h o t s k a  & H e j n y  1979; D o s t a l e k  et al. 1990; Ha e u pl e r  & M u e r  2000; Ro t h m a l e r  2002; PYŚEK et. al. 2002).The species shows a phytocoenotic optimum in Germany in plant communities from the Sisymbrion officinalis and Chenopodion rubri alliances (O b e r d ö r f e r  1990), while in the Czech Republic its optimum occurs within Malvion neglectae, Polygonion avicularis and Sisymbrion officinalis (D o s t a l e k  et al. 1990).3. OCCURRENCE IN POLANDHitherto, only two localities of Chenopodium pumilio had been known:1) port in Gdańsk -  since 1974, the species has persisted along the unloading quay on the depot area and on railway grounds (TRZCIŃSKA-TACIK 1992; MISIEWICZ & K o r c z y ń s k i  2003).2) Rybnik-Piaski -  in 1992, 3 individuals were found to occur on a sandy roadside, accompanied by Polygonum aviculare, Plantago major and Chenopodium album. In the subsequent year, the locality was destroyed due to the construction of a concrete sidewalk (U r b i s z  1996; A l i n a  U r b i s z  personal communication).A new locality of this species was discovered in 2005 in Stryków, a small town (3000 inhabitants) located ca. 15 km to the north-east of Łódź in ATPOL square DD 67 (Z a j ą c  1978). Chenopodium pumilio occurred together with Digitaria ischaemum on a strongly trampled strip of land between Stryjkowskiego street and the adjoining sidewalk. The population numbered over a dozen individuals and occupied an area of ca. 1 m2 (Fig. 2). In 2008, the site of occurrence was partially destroyed when it was buried under a heap of sand used for construction purposes. However, two individuals survived and were able to flower and bear fruit, thus giving hope for preservation of the population of this species in the future. Herbarium documentation of the new locality was deposited in the Herbarium Universitatis Lodziensis (LOD).4. CONCLUSIONSIt is difficult to unequivocally explain the origin of the Chenopodium pumilio population discovered in Stryków. In all probability it is a secondary site of occurrence where the species spread from its initial site of introduction. The strip of ground on which the goosefoot population occurs used to be a lawn in the past. Perhaps, as it was often the case in the past, in the process of its preparation soil was fertilised with wool-cleaning waste material brought from nearby Łódź. However, a doubt is raised by the fact that all wool mills in Łódź ceased their activity alreadymore than ten years ago and even in their last years o f activity the raw material they used was wool previously cleaned elsewhere. It is difficult to presume that the discovered population could have persisted in a locality constantly vulnerable to easy destruction for such a long period of time. Furthermore, occurrence of the clammy goosefoot has never been recorded from Łódź itself despite over 40 years of intensive studies on the urban flora, even though numerous other species customarily introduced with raw wool were found to grow there ( W i t o s ł a w s k i  2006). Most probably the source of diaspores in this case was different.0 - 1  9 - 2Fig. 2: Herbarium specimen of Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. from the locality in Stryków (leg. P. Witosławski, 19 June 2005). Location of the site of (top right) and distribution of the species in Poland (bottom right). 1 -  localities known from literature; 2 -  new locality of the speciesM i s i e w i c z  and Ko r c z y ń s k i  (2003) suggest that due to its persistent occurrence in Gdańsk Chenopodium pumilio should be considered a naturalised species and listed as an epoecophyte. The lack o f spreading tendency of this species in Poland is explained by the less propitious climate conditions in comparison to the Czech Republic where the species has undergone expansion for an extended period of time, spreading from industrial centres predominantly along major river valleys (L h o t s k a  & H e j n y  1979; Tr z c i ń s k a -T a c i k  1992).Naturalisation of Chenopodium pumilio in neighbouring countries, its persistent occurrence in Gdańsk and the appearance of secondary sites of occurrence (Rybnik, Stryków) indicate that in the future, expansion of this species in Poland may be possible.5. REFERENCESAELLEN, P. 1960. Chenopodium L. In: G. Hegi (ed.), Illustierte Flora von Mitteleuropa 3(2). München, pp. 569-659.B r e n a n , J.P.M. 1964. Chenopodium L. I: T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, D.A. Webb (eds.), Flora Europaea. 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 92-95.Ch a n g -Sh a n , Z., S h i -X i n , Z. 2006. Chenopodium pumilio a n ew ly naturalizedspecies in China. Bulletin of Botanical Research 26: 131-132.C h y t r y , M. 1993. Chenopodium pumilio R. Br., a New Adventive Species for Rumania. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 25: 151-152.D o s t a l e k , J. m l., H e j n ÿ , S., H u s à k , Ś ., Sc h w a r z o v â , T. 1990. Chenopodium L. -  merh'k. In: S. Hejnÿ, В. S lavik  (eds), K vëtena Ć eske republiky 2. A cadem ia, Praha, pp. 223-265.Fe r à k OVÂ, V. 2002. Nové lokality zriedkavÿch neofytov flory Slovenska. Bull.Slov. Bot. Spoloćn. 24: 113-116.F l o r a B a s e  t h e  W e s t e r n  A u s t r a l i a n  F l o r a  (http://florabase.calm .w a.gov.au). G l o b a l  B i o d i v e r s i t y  In f o r m a t i o n  Fa c i l i t y  (http//w w w.secretariat.gbif.net./portal/ecat_browser.jsp?taxonKey=261380).G l e a s o n , H. A., C r o n q u i s t . A. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of north-eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,New York, p. 810.H a l v o r s e n , R., G r o s t a d , T., Th o w s e n , K., B a r r o w , J. 1998. Tre nye adventivplanter i norsk flora. B lyttia 56: 231-235.Ha e u p l e r , H., M u e r , T. 2000. B i l d a t l a s  d e r  Fa r n - u n d  B l u t e n p f l a n z e n  D e u t s c h l a n d s . U l m e r , St u t t g a r t , p . 759.HejnŸ, S., S c h w a r z o v à , T. 1978. Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. in der Tschechoslowakei. Acta Bot. Slov. Acad. Sei. Slov., Ser. A, Bratislava 3: 41-53.HUNZIKER, A.T. 1965. Chenopodium pumilio en la republica Argentina. Kurtziana 2: 127-130.Lh o t s k a , M., He j n y  S. 1979. Chenopodium pumilio in Czechoslovakia: its strategy of dispersal and domestication. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 14: 367- 375.M i s i e w i c z , J., K o r c z y ń s k i , M. 2003. Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. -  an Australian species in Poland. In: Zając A., Zając M ., Zemanek B. (eds.), Phytogeographical problems of synanthropic plants. Institute of Botany Jagiellonian University. Cracow, pp. 16 3-166 .M o s y a k i n , S.L., Fe d o r o n c h u k , N .M . 1999. V a s c u l a r  pl a n t s  o f  U k r a i n e . A NOMENCLATURAL CHECKLIST. INSTITUTE OF BOTANY, KIEV, P. ХШ+ 345.Ob e r d ö r f e r , E. (1990) Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 1050.PROBST, R. 1949. Wolladventivflora von Mitteleuropas. Naturhistorischen Museum der Stadt Solothurn, p. 193.PYŚEK, P., SÂDLO, J., Ma n d â K, B. 2002. Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia 74: 97-186.Ra h i m i n e j a d , M .R ., Gh a e m m a g h a m i , L., Sa h e b i , J. 2004. Chenopodium pumilio (Chenopodiaceae) new to the flora of Iran. Willdenowia 34: 18 3-186 .

The new locality of Chetiopodium pumilio R. Br. in Poland

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The new locality of Chetiopodium pumilio R. Br. in Poland

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